公开(公告)号：WO2007106354A3

公开(公告)日：2007-09-20

申请号：PCT/US2007/005777

申请日：2007-03-08

Applicant: ETHANOL BOOSTING SYSTEMS, LLC ,  BROMBERG, Leslie ,  BLUMBERG, Paul ,  COHN, Daniel, R. ,  HEYWOOD, John, B.

Inventor： BROMBERG, Leslie ,  BLUMBERG, Paul ,  COHN, Daniel, R. ,  HEYWOOD, John, B.

IPC: F02B77/04

Abstract: Fuel management system for operation of a spark ignition gasoline engine. The system includes a gasoline engine powering the vehicle and a source of gasoline for introduction into the engine. A source of an anti-knock fuel such as ethanol is provided. An injector directly injects the anti-knock fuel into a cylinder of the engine and the control system shuts down the engine by stopping gasoline and anti-knock agent flow into the engine during vehicle deceleration and idling and restarts the engine upon driver demand. Direct ethanol injection and engine shutdown results in efficiencies similar to those of full hybrid vehicles.

公开(公告)号：WO2006108076A3

公开(公告)日：2007-08-23

申请号：PCT/US2006012750

申请日：2006-04-06

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INST TECHNOLOGY ,  BROMBERG LESLIE ,  COHN DANIEL R ,  HEYWOOD JOHN B

Inventor： BROMBERG LESLIE ,  COHN DANIEL R ,  HEYWOOD JOHN B

IPC: F02B77/04

CPC classification number: F02B47/04 ,  F02B17/005 ,  F02B51/00 ,  F02B2023/106 ,  F02B2023/108 ,  F02B2075/125 ,  F02D19/061 ,  F02D19/0655 ,  F02D19/0665 ,  F02D19/0671 ,  F02D19/0689 ,  F02D19/0692 ,  F02D19/0694 ,  F02D19/081 ,  F02D19/084 ,  F02D23/02 ,  F02D35/027 ,  F02D41/0007 ,  F02D41/0025 ,  F02M25/14 ,  Y02T10/123 ,  Y02T10/144 ,  Y02T10/148 ,  Y02T10/36

Abstract: Fuel management system for enhanced operation of a spark ignition gasoline engine. Injectors inject an anti-knock agent such as ethanol directly into a cylinder. It is preferred that the direct injection occur after the inlet valve is closed. It is also preferred that stoichiometric operation with a three way catalyst be used to minimize emissions. In addition, it is also preferred that the anti-knock agents have a heat of vaporization per unit of combustion energy that is at least three times that of gasoline.

Abstract translation: 燃油管理系统，用于增强火花点火汽油发动机的运行。 注射器将一种抗敲液剂如乙醇直接注入圆筒中。 优选在进气阀关闭之后进行直接喷射。 还优选使用三元催化剂的化学计量操作来最小化排放。 此外，还优选的是，所述防爆剂的每单位燃烧能的蒸发热至少是汽油的三倍。

公开(公告)号：WO2003042521A3

公开(公告)日：2003-05-22

申请号：PCT/US2002/035623

申请日：2002-11-06

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  COHN, Daniel, R. ,  BROMBERG, Leslie ,  RABINOVICH, Alexander ,  HEYWOOD, John, B.

Inventor： COHN, Daniel, R. ,  BROMBERG, Leslie ,  RABINOVICH, Alexander ,  HEYWOOD, John, B.

IPC: F02D35/00

Abstract: A hydrogen enhanced gasoline engine system using high compression ratio is optimized to minimize NOx emissions, exhaust aftertreatment catalyst requirements, hydrogen requirements, engine efficiency and cost. In one mode of operation the engine is operated very lean at lower levels of power. A control system is used to increase equivalence ratio at increased torque or power requirements while avoiding the knock that would be produced by high compression ratio operation. Accordingly reduced hydrogen requirements at high power can significantly reduce the cost and size of onboard hydrogen generator technology. Increased in-cylinder turbulence and stratified hydrogen injection can be used to minimize hydrogen requirements for operation at a given equivalence ratio value. In another embodiment, hydrogen enhanced exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) at all power levels is used.

公开(公告)号：WO1996024441A2

公开(公告)日：1996-08-15

申请号：PCT/US1996001283

申请日：1996-02-02

Applicant: BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE ,  TITUS, Charles, H. ,  COHN, Daniel, R. ,  SURMA, Jeffrey, E.

Inventor： BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE

IPC: B09B00/00

CPC classification number: A62D3/19 ,  A62D3/32 ,  A62D2101/20 ,  A62D2101/24 ,  A62D2101/26 ,  A62D2101/28 ,  A62D2101/43 ,  A62D2203/10 ,  B01D53/34 ,  C03B5/005 ,  C03B5/02 ,  C03B5/021 ,  C03B5/025 ,  C03B5/0275 ,  C03B5/12 ,  C03B5/185 ,  C03B5/235 ,  C03B5/2353 ,  C03B5/26 ,  C03B5/262 ,  C03B5/265 ,  C10B19/00 ,  C10B53/00 ,  C10B53/07 ,  C10J3/18 ,  C10J3/57 ,  C10J2200/12 ,  C10J2300/1238 ,  C10J2300/1634 ,  C10J2300/165 ,  C10J2300/1675 ,  C10K1/003 ,  C10K1/02 ,  C10K1/08 ,  F02B43/00 ,  F02C3/28 ,  F02G5/00 ,  F02G5/02 ,  F23G5/0276 ,  F23G5/085 ,  F23G7/003 ,  F23G2201/301 ,  F23G2201/303 ,  F23G2202/701 ,  F23G2204/201 ,  F23G2206/202 ,  F23G2206/203 ,  F23G2209/18 ,  F23G2209/20 ,  F23G2209/281 ,  F23G2900/51001 ,  H05B3/0004 ,  H05B7/00 ,  H05H1/48 ,  Y02E20/12 ,  Y02E20/14 ,  Y02E20/16 ,  Y02E50/12 ,  Y02P20/129 ,  Y02P20/13 ,  Y02P20/143 ,  Y02P40/52 ,  Y02P40/55 ,  Y02T10/166 ,  Y02T10/32 ,  Y10S588/90

Abstract: The present invention provides a relatively compact self-powered, tunable waste conversion system and apparatus which has the advantage of highly robust operation which provides complete or substantially complete conversion of a wide range of waste streams into useful gas and a stable, nonleachable solid product at a single location with greatly reduced air pollution to meet air quality standards. The system provides the capability for highly efficient conversion of waste into high quality combustible gas and for high efficiency conversion of the gas into electricity by utilizing a high efficiency gas turbine or by an internal combustion engine. The solid product can be suitable for various commercial applications. Alternatively, the solid product stream, which is a safe, stable material, may be dipsosed of without special considerations as hazardous material. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the arc plasma furnace and joule heated melter are formed as a fully integrated unit with a common melt pool having circuit arrangements for the simultaneous independently controllable operation of boththe arc plasma and the joule heated portions of the unit without interference with one another. The preferred configuration of this embodiment of the invention utilizes two arc plasma electrodes with an elongated chamber for the molten pool such that the molten pool is capable of providing conducting paths between electrodes. The apparatus may additionally be employed with reduced or without further use of the gases generated by the conversion process. The apparatus may be employed as a self-powered or net electricity producing unit where use of an auxiliary fuel provides the required level of electricity production.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了一种相对紧凑的自供电的可调谐废物转化系统和装置，其具有高度鲁棒的操作的优点，其提供了将广泛范围的废物流完全或基本上完全转化为有用气体和稳定的不可漂移的固体产物 单一位置大大减少空气污染，以达到空气质量标准。 该系统提供了将废物高效地转化为高质量可燃气体并且通过利用高效燃气轮机或内燃机将气体高效转化为电力的能力。 固体产品可适用于各种商业应用。 或者，作为安全，稳定的材料的固体产物流可以作为有害材料而没有特别考虑。 在本发明的优选实施例中，电弧等离子体炉和焦耳加热的熔化器形成为具有共同熔池的完全集成的单元，其具有用于同时独立控制的电弧等离子体和单元的焦耳加热部分的电路布置， 互相干扰。 本发明的该实施例的优选结构利用两个具有用于熔池的细长室的电弧等离子体电极，使得熔池能够在电极之间提供导电路径。 另外可以减少或不进一步使用由转化过程产生的气体来使用该装置。 该设备可以用作自供电或净电产生单元，其中使用辅助燃料提供所需的电力生产水平。

公开(公告)号：WO2021195566A1

公开(公告)日：2021-09-30

申请号：PCT/US2021/024487

申请日：2021-03-26

Applicant: INENTEC INC. ,  SURMA, Jeffrey E. ,  COHN, Daniel R. ,  BROMBERG, Leslie

Inventor： SURMA, Jeffrey E. ,  COHN, Daniel R. ,  BROMBERG, Leslie

IPC: C01B3/26 ,  C01B3/34 ,  C01B3/40 ,  C01B32/15

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to systems and methods for cracking hydrocarbons into hydrogen gas and carbon using heating of a fluidized bed. The systems and methods utilize electrically conductive carbon or graphite particles as a fluidized bed material for heating hydrocarbon feedstock to at least a pyrolysis temperature. The electrically conductive carbon, graphite, or other particles may be heated by electrically powered sources that include induction heating, microwave heating, millimeter wave heating, joule heating and/or plasma heating. Combustion heating may also be employed in varying amounts with varying combinations of electrically powered heating sources.

公开(公告)号：WO2008050192A3

公开(公告)日：2009-04-23

申请号：PCT/IB2007003004

申请日：2007-03-06

Applicant: ETHANOL BOOSTING SYSTEMS LLC ,  BROMBERG LESLIE ,  BLUMBERG PAUL ,  COHN DANIEL R ,  HEYWOOD JOHAN B

Inventor： BROMBERG LESLIE ,  BLUMBERG PAUL ,  COHN DANIEL R ,  HEYWOOD JOHAN B

IPC: F02M17/00

CPC classification number: F02D19/12 ,  Y02T10/121

Abstract: Fuel management system for operation of a spark ignition engine. The system includes a source of gasoline and a source of anti-knock fuel. A proportioning valve receives the gasoline and the anti-knock fuel to discharge a mixture having a controlled gasoline/anti-knock fuel ratio. A single high pressure pump receives the mixture and delivers the mixture to an injector. A fuel management control system controls the proportioning valve and the injector for injection of the mixture into a cylinder of the engine to control knock. A preferred anti-knock fuel is ethanol.

Abstract translation: 用于火花点火发动机运行的燃油管理系统。 该系统包括汽油源和防爆燃料源。 比例阀接收汽油和防爆燃料以排出具有受控汽油/防爆燃料比的混合物。 单个高压泵接收混合物并将混合物输送到喷射器。 燃料管理控制系统控制比例阀和喷射器以将混合物喷射到发动机的气缸中以控制爆震。 优选的抗爆燃料是乙醇。

公开(公告)号：WO2008036439A3

公开(公告)日：2008-03-27

申请号：PCT/US2007/068720

申请日：2007-05-11

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  BROMBERG, Leslie ,  COHN, Daniel, R.

Inventor： BROMBERG, Leslie ,  COHN, Daniel, R.

IPC: B01D59/44

Abstract: Ion mobility spectrometer. The spectrometer includes an enclosed region having a gas with a selected chemical species contained therein. An energy source ionizes the gas and the chemical species. Spaced apart electrodes generate high frequency and DC electric fields across the enclosed region and circuitry is provided for generating voltage waveforms on the electrodes. The voltage waveforms include a symmetric RF field to minimize ion loss and to prevent clustering of the ions with water molecules during an ion buildup phase. A DC and asymmetric, non-uniform RF field is provided to separate and focus the ions in the region during an ion separation phase. Finally, a changing DC or RF field causes the ionized chemical species to move to the electrodes and read-out circuitry responds to current in the electrodes to indicate the presence and/or amount of the chemical species.

公开(公告)号：WO2006002037A2

公开(公告)日：2006-01-05

申请号：PCT/US2005020888

申请日：2005-06-13

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INST TECHNOLOGY ,  BROMBERG LESLIE ,  COHN DANIEL R ,  HADIDI KAMAL ,  HEYWOOD JOHN B ,  RABINOVICH ALEXANDER ,  WONG VICTOR W

Inventor： BROMBERG LESLIE ,  COHN DANIEL R ,  HADIDI KAMAL ,  HEYWOOD JOHN B ,  RABINOVICH ALEXANDER ,  WONG VICTOR W

IPC: F01N3/02 ,  F01N3/021 ,  F01N3/022 ,  F01N3/023 ,  F01N3/025 ,  F01N3/031 ,  F01N3/08 ,  F01N3/20 ,  F01N3/30 ,  F01N3/36 ,  F01N9/00 ,  F01N13/02 ,  F01N13/04

CPC classification number: F01N3/206 ,  F01N3/0205 ,  F01N3/0226 ,  F01N3/023 ,  F01N3/0233 ,  F01N3/0253 ,  F01N3/0256 ,  F01N3/031 ,  F01N3/0807 ,  F01N3/0821 ,  F01N3/0842 ,  F01N3/085 ,  F01N3/0871 ,  F01N3/101 ,  F01N3/30 ,  F01N3/306 ,  F01N3/36 ,  F01N9/002 ,  F01N9/005 ,  F01N13/009 ,  F01N13/0097 ,  F01N13/017 ,  F01N2240/02 ,  F01N2240/20 ,  F01N2240/28 ,  F01N2240/30 ,  F01N2290/00 ,  F01N2290/08 ,  F01N2330/10 ,  F01N2330/12 ,  F01N2410/04 ,  F01N2410/14 ,  F01N2510/065 ,  F01N2560/07 ,  F01N2570/14 ,  F01N2610/04 ,  F01N2610/10 ,  Y02A50/2324 ,  Y02A50/2344 ,  Y02T10/22 ,  Y02T10/24 ,  Y02T10/47

Abstract: Pollution control apparatus. An exhaust aftertreatment unit is fitted to the exhaust of an internal combustion engine and a fuel reformer provides hydrogen rich gas in an optimal way to the aftertreatment unit to regenerate the aftertreatment unit. It is preferred that the hydrogen rich gas be provided only to a portion of the aftertreatment unit at any time to regenerate that portion. Stored hydrogen may be used.

Abstract translation: 污染控制装置。 排气后处理单元安装在内燃机的排气口上，燃料重整器以最佳方式向后处理单元提供富氢气体，以再生后处理单元。 优选在任何时候仅向后处理单元的一部分提供富氢气体以再生该部分。 可以使用储存的氢。

公开(公告)号：WO2005071238A3

公开(公告)日：2005-12-29

申请号：PCT/US2004044053

申请日：2004-12-31

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INST TECHNOLOGY ,  HEYWOOD JOHN B ,  BROMBERG LESLIE ,  COHN DANIEL R

Inventor： HEYWOOD JOHN B ,  BROMBERG LESLIE ,  COHN DANIEL R

IPC: F02B1/04 ,  F02B1/12 ,  F02B11/00 ,  F02B43/10 ,  F02B47/04 ,  F02B51/00 ,  F02D35/00 ,  F02D41/00 ,  F02D41/30 ,  F02M25/07 ,  F02M25/10

CPC classification number: F02B51/00 ,  F02B1/12 ,  F02B11/00 ,  F02B43/10 ,  F02B47/04 ,  F02D19/0644 ,  F02D19/0671 ,  F02D19/081 ,  F02D35/027 ,  F02D41/0025 ,  F02D41/0027 ,  F02D41/005 ,  F02D41/3023 ,  F02D41/3035 ,  F02D2250/36 ,  F02M25/10 ,  F02M26/13 ,  Y02T10/128 ,  Y02T10/32 ,  Y02T10/36 ,  Y02T10/47

Abstract: High compression ratio, homogeneous charge compression ignition engines. In one aspect the engine is dual mode utilizing spark ignition at high load levels including the addition of hydrogen or a hydrogen/carbon monoxide mixture. In another aspect the engine operates on a high cetane fuel with the addition of hydrogen or a hydrogen/carbon monoxide mixture at low-to-mid-load levels.

Abstract translation: 高压缩比，均质充量压燃式发动机。 在一个方面，发动机是利用高负荷水平下的火花点火的双模式，包括加入氢气或氢气/一氧化碳混合物。 在另一方面，发动机在高中等负荷水平下通过添加氢气或氢气/一氧化碳混合物在高十六烷燃料上运转。

公开(公告)号：WO03027005A8

公开(公告)日：2003-07-24

申请号：PCT/US0229409

申请日：2002-09-17

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INST TECHNOLOGY ,  BROMBERG LESLIE ,  COHN DANIEL R ,  RABINOVICH ALEXANDER ,  ALEXEEV NIKOLAI

Inventor： BROMBERG LESLIE ,  COHN DANIEL R ,  RABINOVICH ALEXANDER ,  ALEXEEV NIKOLAI

IPC: B01D53/94 ,  B01J12/00 ,  B01J19/08 ,  C01B3/34 ,  C01B3/38 ,  C01B3/48 ,  C01B3/58 ,  F01N3/08 ,  F01N3/20 ,  F02B3/06 ,  F02B25/12 ,  F02B43/10 ,  F02B51/00 ,  F02B51/04 ,  H01M8/06

CPC classification number: B01J12/002 ,  B01D53/94 ,  B01J19/088 ,  B01J2219/0883 ,  B01J2219/0892 ,  B01J2219/0894 ,  C01B3/342 ,  C01B3/38 ,  C01B3/48 ,  C01B3/583 ,  C01B2203/0233 ,  C01B2203/0261 ,  C01B2203/0283 ,  C01B2203/044 ,  C01B2203/047 ,  C01B2203/066 ,  C01B2203/0844 ,  C01B2203/0861 ,  C01B2203/0866 ,  C01B2203/142 ,  C01B2203/143 ,  C01B2203/1604 ,  C01B2203/80 ,  C10J2300/1238 ,  F01N3/0892 ,  F01N3/206 ,  F01N2240/28 ,  F01N2240/30 ,  F01N2610/04 ,  F02B3/06 ,  F02B25/12 ,  F02B43/10 ,  F02B51/00 ,  F02B51/04 ,  F02B2043/106 ,  H01M8/0612 ,  H01M8/0631 ,  H01M8/0662 ,  Y02P20/129 ,  Y02P20/52 ,  Y02T10/126 ,  Y02T10/32 ,  Y10S48/08

Abstract: A plasmatron-catalyst system. The system generates hydrogen-rich gas and comprises a plasmatron (10) and at least one catalyst (22, 24, ..., 26) for receiving an output from the plasmatron to produce hydrogen-rich gas. In a preferred embodiment, the plasmatron receives as an imput air (14), fuel (16) and water/steam (18) for use in the reforming process. The system increases the hydrogen yield and decreases the amount of carbon monoxide.

Abstract translation: 等离子体催化剂体系。 该系统产生富氢气体并且包括等离子体（10）和至少一个催化剂（22,24，...，26），用于接收来自等离子体的输出以产生富氢气体。 在优选实施例中，等离子体管接收用于重整过程中的输入空气（14），燃料（16）和水/蒸汽（18）。 该系统增加氢气产量并减少一氧化碳的量。