摘要:
The invention relates to a method and a device (1, 100) for determining the sex of fertilized, nonincubated bird eggs (13, 130), where an egg (13, 130) has a solid egg shell (14), an egg yolk (2) which is surrounded by the egg shell and further egg integuments and a blastodisk(3) associated with the egg yolk (2), and where a probe (4, 40) for measuring a spectrum is introduced through a hole (17) of the egg shell (14) towards the blastodisk (3) with blastodisk cells (23), with the following steps: - positioning of the probe (4, 40) in the region of the blastodisk (3), - spectroscopic in-ovo characterization of the blastodisk cells (23), and - identification of the sex by an automatic classification of spectra. The problem is that of rapidly, reliably and unambiguously determining the sex as early as during the bird egg stage. The solution is as follows: an optical crystal is employed as the probe (4, 40), by means of which optical crystal a rapid and retroaction-free recording of an infrared and/or near-infrared spectrum (70) is carried out by exploiting a reduced total reflection (31) within the optical crystal (4, 40) through an evanescent field (21) within the region (29) of the blastodisk (3), with extinction taking place as a result of a spectral absorption of sex-specific blastodisk cells (23), where the positioning of the optical crystal (4, 40) is accompanied by an ongoing automatic evaluation of the returned spectra (70) until the sex-specific blastodisk cells (23) are determined, until the sex of the fertilized egg (13, 130) is evaluated by an evaluation unit (7) and unambiguously displayed by a display unit (12).
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for determining the softness of tissue paper. The above can be so-called hygienic papers, such as for example tissues, cosmetic towels, kitchen towels, towels or toilet paper. In the method according to the invention, samples of tissue papers are subjected mechanically to pressure forces and/or tensile forces with respectively the same parameters. Sound waves emitted thereby are detected by at least one detector and the thus captured measuring signals are then subjected to a pattern recognition.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for operating a rocket engine, which method makes it possible to provide single-stage carrier rockets that achieve an optimal thrust and a maximum specific impulse over the combustion duration of the engine. The invention further relates to a rocket engine that allows the method according to the invention to be carried out. In the method according to the invention, at least one hydrocarbon is reacted with oxygen in a first combustion chamber of the rocket engine and hydrogen is reacted with oxygen in a second combustion chamber of the rocket engine. The reaction in the first combustion chamber is maintained until the hydrocarbon is consumed; the reaction in the second combustion chamber is continued until the hydrogen is consumed. The fuel amounts are selected so that the hydrocarbon is consumed earlier than the hydrogen. The rocket engine, designed as a plug nozzle engine, for carrying out the method comprises a main body (1), at the lower end of which a central cone (2) (plug nozzle/spike) is connected, wherein the main body (1) is surrounded by a first annular combustion chamber (3.1), which has a first annular throat nozzle (6.1), and a second annular combustion chamber (3.2) having a second annular throat nozzle (6.2) is located in the central cone (2).
摘要:
The invention relates to the field of biology and to a chitin skeleton of dictyoceratid sponges that can be used, for example, in healing wounds. The aim of the present invention is a two or three-dimensional cleaned chitin skeleton of dictyoceratid sponges, wherein the skeleton structure of the dictyoceratid sponge is retained, having a high specific surface area. The aim is achieved by a chitin skeleton of dictyoceratid sponges populated directly on the surface of the skeleton with human or animal cells. The aim is further achieved by a method wherein all other components of the chitin skeleton of the dictyoceratid sponges are removed by means of a base and/or base-acid and/or base-acid-hydrogen peroxide treatment at temperatures between 20 and 50°C, and cell cultures are subsequently applied to the surface of the chitin skeleton. The aim is further achieved by the use of chitin skeletons of dictyoceratid sponges in biology, medicine, and technology.
摘要:
The invention relates to the use of in vitro isolated or in vitro differentiated osteoclasts for bone rebuilding, in particular by in vivo application, to trigger bone rebuilding by attracting osteoblasts and preferably also vascular cells to sites of bone defect. It has been found by the inventors that osteoclasts can control bone rebuilding by secreting chemotactic factors and attracting osteoblasts and vascular cells to a site of bone defect. The invention further relates to the use of osteoclasts for the manufacture of a pharmaceutical preparation or medical product containing osteoclasts for the use for bone rebuilding.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method and device (1) for treating surfaces (5) of materials by means of a radiation (4) and of an electrostatic field (18), during which a flow (19) of aerosol/gas consisting of atoms, molecules, particles (14) and/or of electrically charged particles (15) is formed to the sides of the material surface. The electrically charged particles are deflected by the electrostatic field, are discharged on an electrode (7, 8) having a polarization opposite that of the electrically charged particles, and are condensed there. The atoms, molecules and particles moving inside the flow of aerosol/gas are modified by a radiation (4) having a specified wavelength to form ions and/or electrically charged particles whereby a photon energy of the radiation is generated with the wavelength. This radiation is matched to the binding energy/ion energy of the molecules, atoms of the flow of aerosol/gas and/or to the exit energy of electrons in the electrically neutral particles in such a manner that, inside the flow of aerosol/gas, the molecular bonds are broken and the electrically neutral atoms, molecules and particles are converted into ions and/or electrically charged particles.
摘要:
The invention relates to a supraconductive level indicator for liquid hydrogen in liquid hydrogen containers, especially motor vehicle tanks. A supraconductor (1) based on magnesium diboride MgB 2 is arranged in a tank (5) in such a way that it is vertical or inclined in relation to the vertical, and a controllable heat source (2) is arranged on the upper region of the supraconductor (1). The supraconductor (1) can be electrically contacted with a controllable current source (3) and a voltage measuring device (4), and the level measurement is taken as a voltage measurement. The MgB 2 material is used preferably as filament wire. Continuous level measurements with a high spatial and temporal resolution can be carried out in an uncomplicated manner. The inventive level indicator and method are also suitable for the level measurement of liquid neon.
摘要:
The invention relates to an electron impact ion source for the generation of multiply- or maximally-charged ions, which comprises an electron gun with a cathode and anode for creation and acceleration of electrons, a device for axial-symmetric focusing of the electron beam, a means for introducing ionisable substances into an ion trap located in the region of the axial-symmetric focussed electron beam, which may be opened and closed, a device for destroying the electrons after passing through the ion trap, and a device for generating a vacuum around the axial-symmetric focussed electron beam and the ion trap within said beam. Said electron impact ion source is further characterised by the device for axial-symmetric focussing of the electron beam comprising at least two opposing, radially magnetised ring structures (2), whereby each of the ring structures (2) encloses the electron beam and both opposed radially magnetised rings (2) are linked by magnetic conductors (7, 9) to form a unified magnetic body. The invention is further characterised by the closed magnetic field passing through the ion residence zone in the ion trap, the cathode having a very high emmissivity of >/= 25 A/cm with a small cathode diameter and an applicable vacuum of from 10 to 10 Torr in the ion residence zone during operation of the electron impact ion source.
摘要:
The invention relates to a spacer textile (1) including a top textile (2), a bottom textile (3) and a spacer layer (5), wherein the top textile (2) and the bottom textile (3) are connected together by the spacer layer (5). The top textile (2), the bottom textile (3) and the spacer layer (5) are monofilament fibres composed of inert fluorocarbons. The invention furthermore relates to the use of the spacer textile (1) according to the invention as at least in part sheathing of an electrode (13, 14) in an electroplating bath (11), as a lining of operating, bearing and/or transport surfaces (31), or as filter or support material in chemically aggressive media.
摘要:
In a multicore type error correction processing system which can simultaneously cope with a plurality of error correction methods and a plurality of code lengths, an interconnect part 11 has a barrel shifter which extends across a plurality of error correction processing parts 12a-12c. An error correction process can be selectively performed by collectively using a group of the plurality of the error correction processing parts 12a-12c or by individually using each of individual error correction processing parts 12a-12c in response to interconnection configuration information. With this structure, the plurality of the error correction processing parts 12a-12c are collectively used if computation resources are insufficient and an idling error correction processing part is assigned to another error correction process if computation resources are excessive.