Abstract:
The description relates to controlling slagging and/or fouling in biomass burning furnaces. Combustion of such a biomass the fuel with air produces combustion gases containing sodium and/or potassium compositions, and the combustion gases are treated by contacting the combustion gases with kaolin and aluminum hydroxide. At least one of the kaolin and aluminum hydroxide can be introduced with the fuel, in a combustion chamber, with reburn fuel or with overfire air. For fuels also high in zinc and/or heavy metals, magnesium hydroxide is introduced into the combustion chamber or following heat exchangers.
Abstract:
A system for processing a gas stream can include a physical solvent unit, an acid gas removal unit upstream or downstream of the physical solvent unit, and an LNG liquefaction unit downstream of the acid gas removal unit. The physical solvent unit is configured to receive a feed gas, remove at least a portion of any C5+ hydrocarbons in the feed gas stream using a physical solvent, and produce a cleaned gas stream comprising the feed gas stream with the portion of the C5+ hydrocarbons removed. The acid gas removal unit is configured to receive the cleaned gas stream, remove at least a portion of any acid gases present in the cleaned gas stream, and produce a treated gas stream. The LNG liquefaction unit is configured to receive the treated gas stream and liquefy at least a portion of the hydrocarbons in the treated gas stream.
Abstract:
Systems and methods are described for treating flue gas, for example from a coal fired power plant. The systems and methods include control of a wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) system to manage sulfite concentration in a slurry produced by the WFGD system. Oxygen is added to the slurry in an amount sufficient to produce a sulfite concentration in the slurry in the range of about 5 to 75 mg/L, an oxidation reduction potential in the range of about 100-250 mV, or both. The systems and methods also include the biological treatment to remove selenium from a liquid fraction of the slurry. The liquid fraction is treated in a biological reactor maintained under anoxic or anaerobic conditions to reduce its selenium concentration.
Abstract:
A flue gas stream from fossil fuel fired sources and process gas streams from chemical, petroleum, and petrochemical operations and the like is directed to an exhaust duct, which conveys the flue gas stream containing nitrogen oxide contaminants into a quencher. The gas stream is conveyed through the quencher where aqueous medium is sprayed into contact with the flue gas stream. The quenched flue gas stream is mixed with ozone in a sub-stoichiometic amount for partial oxidation of NO X to form NO 2 and prevent the formation of N 2 O 5 . The flue gas containing NO 2 is absorbed into an acidic medium of a wet scrubber to form nitrous acid. The nitrous acid in the aqueous phase of the scrubber is mixed with selected compounds of ammonia to decompose the nitrous acid for release of nitrogen. The nitrogen oxide contaminants are removed from the flue gas stream in a process that minimizes the consumption of ozone and the operating costs associated therewith and eliminates the requirement to dispose of nitrate recovered from the scrubber purge stream.
Abstract:
본 출원은 중금속 흡착용 기능성 섬유 및 그 제조방법에 관한 것으로서, 본 출원의 중금속 흡착용 기능성 섬유는 티올화된 금속 나노입자가 다공성 섬유에 부착된 구조를 가짐으로써, 다공성 섬유의 기공 막힘을 최소화하여 중금속 물질의 흡착용량을 현저하게 향상시킬 수 있고, 액상 첨착 없이 건식 기술을 적용하여 제조됨으로써 다공성 섬유의 기공 막힘을 최소화 할 수 있고, 공정 폐수 발생을 근본적으로 차단할 수 있으며, 롤투롤(Roll-to-Roll) 시스템 구현이 용이하므로, 연속 제조가 가능하여 생산성을 제고할 수 있다.
Abstract:
A method for the reduction and prevention of mercury emissions into the environment from combusted fossil fuels or other off-gases with the use of hypobromite is disclosed. The hypobromite is used for the capture of mercury from the resulting flue gases using a flue gas desulfurization system or scrubber. The method uses hypobromite in conjunction with a scrubber to capture mercury and lower its emission and/or re-emission with stack gases. The method allows the use of coal as a cleaner and environmentally friendlier fuel source as well as capturing mercury from other processing systems.
Abstract:
Process for treating a gas contaminated by at least one element selected from the group consisting of heavy metals, organic compounds, and combinations thereof, wherein a calcium-phosphate reactant (reagent) particle comprising apatite is brought into contact with the contaminated gas at a temperature of at least 30°C and preferably at most 1100°C. The metal(s) and/or organic compound(s) to be removed from the contaminated gas may be selected among the list of : Al, Ag, As, Ba, Be, Bi, Ce, Co, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Hf, Hg, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Pd, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Th, Ti, U, V, Y, Zn, Zr, VOC, aromatic compounds, PAHs, dioxins, furans, or any mixture thereof. In such process, an alkaline compound particle comprising sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate (trona), quick lime, hydrated lime, lime stone or combinations thereof, may be further brought into contact with the contaminated gas.
Abstract:
This invention relates to methods and compositions for removing contaminants from fluids, for example, the removal of mercury contaminants by oxidation. The compositions and methods provided herein are robust and accomplish efficient removal of contaminants from fluid streams without the need for relatively expensive activated carbon. In addition, the methods and compositions of the present invention do not pose risks to the safety of workers through the injection of highly toxic, highly corrosive elemental bromine to directly oxidize the mercury. The compositions and methods of the present invention are versatile and apply to a wide range of contaminants including, but not limited to, mercury, lead, cadmium, thallium, and hydrogen sulfides. Further, the compositions and methods contained herein are capable of efficient contaminant removal over a wide range of temperatures and pressures.
Abstract:
Process for producing sodium carbonate with ammonia and/or for producing refined sodium bicarbonate, wherein: a low CO 2 content gas generated by a unit for producing sodium carbonate with ammonia and/or generated by a unit for producing refined sodium bicarbonate is enriched into a CO 2 -enriched gas by using a CO 2 concentration module, such as an amine-type or ammonia or PSA or TSA or cryogenic distillation or membrane-type CO 2 concentration module, and said CO 2 -enriched gas has an increased CO 2 content of: +10% (at least) to +90% (at most), by volume on a dry gas basis relative to the CO 2 concentration of the low content gas, and the CO 2 -enriched gas is subsequently recycled to the unit for producing sodium carbonate with ammonia and/or to the unit for producing refined sodium bicarbonate, to produce sodium carbonate, or sodium bicarbonate, or to carbonate at least one part of effluent from the unit for producing sodium carbonate and/or from the unit for producing sodium bicarbonate.