Abstract:
A two-stage reactor is disclosed for the conversion of solid particulate biomass material. The reactor is designed to maximize conversion of the solid biomass material, while limiting excess cracking of primary reaction products. The two-stage reactor comprises a first stage reactor, in which solid biomass material is thermally pyrolyzed to primary reaction products. The primary reaction products are catalytically converted in a second stage reactor.
Abstract:
Described herein are systems and processes for the transesterification of a variety of feedstocks, such as in the form of glyceride-containing vegetable oils, glyceride-containing animal oils, and glyceride-containing algal oils, into biodiesel products using solid, heterogeneous catalysts.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for producing unsaturated cyclic and/or aromatic compounds from 1,8-cineole, the process comprising pyrolysing 1,8-cineole in the presence of gamma-alumina supported transition metal catalyst.
Abstract:
A catalyst and a method for selective hydrogenation of acetylene and dienes in light olefin feedstreams are provided. The catalyst retains higher activity and selectivity after regeneration than conventional selective hydrogenation catalysts. The catalyst contains a first component and a second component supported on an inorganic support. The inorganic support contains at least one salt or oxide of zirconium, a lanthanide, or an alkaline earth.
Abstract:
There is provided a process for the decomposition of hypochlorite dissolved in alkaline aqueous effluent, to form oxygen and a chloride salt. The process comprises the admixture with the aqueous solution, at a pH of at least about 9, of a particulate, finely divided, mixed iron/nickel oxidic catalyst in which nickel is present in an amount of at least 50 ppm of the total slurry and iron is present in an amount of not more than about 100 ppm. The particulate catalyst is redissolved in the acid solution and then reprecipitated by contact with fresh alkaline aqueous effluent.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to catalysts,and in particular to catalysts comprising silver oxide and calcium carbonate. The catalysts may be used in the destruction of sterilants such as ozone and hydrogen peroxide. The present inventors have found that including calcium carbonate in catalysts for the destruction of sterilant substances such as ozone and peroxide enhances the performance of the catalyst and increases its lifetime. The beneficial effect of including calcium carbonate is particularly observed for catalysts comprising silver oxide, such as those comprising silver oxide and titanium dioxide.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a fluorination process, comprising: - an activation stage comprising contacting a fluorination catalyst with an oxidizing agent-containing gas flow for at least one hour; and - at least one reaction stage comprising reacting a chlorinated compound with hydrogen fluoride in gas phase in the presence of the fluorination catalyst, so as to produce a fluorinated compound.
Abstract:
A process and apparatus for improving flow properties of crude may include processing a first crude stream, which may in turn include cracking the first crude stream with catalyst to form a cracked stream and spent catalyst, hydrotreating a portion of the cracked stream and then mixing the hydrotreated stream with an unprocessed second crude stream.