Abstract:
Described herein are apparatus and methods for the continuous application of nanolaminated materials by electrodeposition. Nanolaminate materials have become widely studied over the past several decades. As a result some desirable advanced performance characteristics of those materials have been discovered and their potential application in numerous fields recognized. While the potential application of nanolaminated materials in numerous areas, including civil infrastructure, automotive, aerospace, electronics, and other areas has been recognized, the materials are on the whole not available in substantial quantities due to the lack of a continuous process for their production.
Abstract:
The invention is directed to an electroplating apparatus for selectively depositing tin/lead solder bumps at a high deposition rate. The apparatus comprises a reactor bowl (35) containing an electroplating solution having free ions of tin and lead for plating onto a workpiece (25). A chemical delivery system is used to deliver the electroplating solution to the reactor bowl at a high flow rate. A workpiece support includes a contact assembly (85) for providing electroplating power to a surface at a side of the workpiece that is to be plated. The assembly contacts the workpiece at a large plurality of discrete flexure contacts (90) that are isolated from exposure to the electroplating solution. An anode (55) is spaced from the workpiece support within the reactor assembly (20) and is in contact with the electroplating solution. The electroplating solution comprises a concentration of a lead compound, a concentration of a tin compound, water and methane sulfonic acid.
Abstract:
A process of forming a thin film photoactive layer of an optoelectronic device comprising: providing a substrate having a surface comprising or coated with a metal M selected from at least one of Pb, Sn, Ge, Si, Ti, Bi, or In; and converting the metal surface or metal coating of the substrate to a perovskite layer.
Abstract:
A process for the electrochemical deposition of a semiconductor material, which process comprises: (i) providing a non-aqueous solvent; (ii) providing at least one precursor salt which forms a source of the constituent elements within the semiconductor material to be deposited; and (iii) electrodepositing the semiconductor material onto an electrode substrate using the precursor salt in the non-aqueous solvent, characterised in that: (iv) the semiconductor material is a p-block or a post-transition metal semiconductor material containing at least one p-block element or post-transition metal; and (v) the non-aqueous solvent is a halocarbon non-aqueous solvent.
Abstract:
The invention is directed to an electroplating apparatus for selectively depositing tin/lead solder bumps at a high deposition rate. The apparatus comprises a reactor bowl (35) containing an electroplating solution having free ions of tin and lead for plating onto a workpiece (25). A chemical delivery system is used to deliver the electroplating solution to the reactor bowl at a high flow rate. A workpiece support includes a contact assembly (85) for providing electroplating power to a surface at a side of the workpiece that is to be plated. The assembly contacts the workpiece at a large plurality of discrete flexure contacts (90) that are isolated from exposure to the electroplating solution. An anode (55) is spaced from the workpiece support within the reactor assembly (20) and is in contact with the electroplating solution. The electroplating solution comprises a concentration of a lead compound, a concentration of a tin compound, water and methane sulfonic acid.
Abstract:
This invention is related to a method for the preparation of halide perovskite or perovskite-related materials on a substrate and to optoelectronic devices and photovoltaic cells comprising the perovskites prepared by the methods of this invention The method for the preparation of the perovskite includes a direct conversion of elemental metal or metal alloy to halide perovskite or perovskite-related materials.
Abstract:
A process for the electrochemical deposition of a semiconductor material, which process comprises: (i) providing a non-aqueous solvent; (ii) providing at least one precursor salt which forms a source of the constituent elements within the semiconductor material to be deposited; and (iii) electrodepositing the semiconductor material onto an electrode substrate using the precursor salt in the non-aqueous solvent, characterised in that: (iv) the semiconductor material is a p-block or a post-transition metal semiconductor material containing at least one p-block element or post-transition metal; and (v) the non-aqueous solvent is a halocarbon non-aqueous solvent.