摘要:
The present invention relates to a positron tomography imaging apparatus for a multiphase flow in an oil pipeline, which apparatus utilizes positron and electron annihilation generating a pair of coincidence gamma-rays of 511keV energy as tomography imaging means and provides an on-line tomography imaging function for metering a multiphase flow in an oil pipeline of an oil field. The apparatus comprises a plurality of sets of parallel high-precision gamma-ray detector arrays with a particular space structure arrangement, a positron radioactive source and a shield, and can acquire a phase fraction of such multiphase flow mixture as oil, gas and water under a condition of a single radioactive source by combining an image processing function. The design of a plurality of sets of high-precision detector arrays also greatly improves accuracy of a multiphase flow metering and its applicability in multiphase flows of different flow patterns. The video information of fluid generated by it will significantly enrich oil, gas metering information for petroleum industry and provide basic data for a more effective reservoir management and production optimization.
摘要:
Methods and systems for the detection of small amounts of modern, highly-explosive nitrogen-based explosives, such as plastic explosives, hidden in airline baggage. Several techniques are employed either individually or combined in a hybrid system. One technique employed in combination is X-ray imaging. Another technique is interrogation with a pulsed neutron source in a two-phase mode of operation to image both nitrogen and oxygen densities. Another technique employed in combination is neutron interrogation to form a hydrogen density image or three-dimensional map. In addition, deliberately-placed neutron-absorbing materials can be detected.
摘要:
Disclosed herein is a detector, comprising: a plurality of pixels, each pixel configured to count numbers of X-ray photons incident thereon whose energy falls in a plurality of bins, within a period of time; and wherein the detector is configured to add the numbers of X-ray photons for the bins of the same energy range counted by all the pixels. Each of the pixels may comprise an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) configured to digitize an analog signal representing the energy of an incident X-ray photon into a digital signal. The pixels may be able to operate in parallel. Each of the pixels may be able to measure its dark current, such as before or concurrently with each X-ray photon incident thereon.
摘要:
A method of determining the spatial orientation of a two-dimensional detector in an X-ray diffractometry system, and calibrating the detector position in response thereto, uses diffraction patterns from a powder sample collected at a plurality of detector swing angles. The overlapping of the detected patterns indicates relative errors in the detector orientation. In particular, intersection points between the different diffraction patterns may be located, and their relative locations may be used to identify errors. Such errors may be in the detector position, or they may be errors in different rotational directions, such as roll, pitch or yaw. Determination and correction of the detector orientation using this method may be part of a calibration routine for the diffractometry system. Roll error may also be determined using a single measurement with the detector at a swing angle perpendicular to the X-ray beam.
摘要:
Eine Vorrichtung zur Identifizierung von Materialien auf einem Fließband (101) mittels Röntgenfluoreszenz mit einer Röntgen-Quelle (102), von der Röntgen-Strahlung (103) auf Materialteile (104) geführt wird, mit einem Detektorkopf (107), der ein Röntgen-Detektor-Array (108) enthält, das eine Vielzahl von flächig angeordneten Detektorelementen (113, 114, 115) zum Empfang von Röntgen-Strahlung (105) und deren Umwandlung in elektrische Ladungssignale aufweist, sowie eine elektronische Einrichtung (109) zum Auslesen und Verarbeiten der Ladungssignale, die für jedes einzelne Detektorelement einen Signalkanal (120) umfasst, der jeweils aufweist: - eine Diskriminatoreinrichtung (117) mit mindestens zwei einstellbaren Komparatorschwellen (116, 122) zur Detektion aller Gaußkurven-artigen Signale (119), deren Amplitude größer ist als eine der beiden oder zeitgleich größer als beide Komparatorschwellen, - sowie eine Zählereinheit (118, 121) je Komparatorschwelle zur Umwandlung der Signale in digitale Zählereignisse, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die einzelnen Detektorelemente des Röntgen-Detektor-Arrays eine Ortsauflösung von 50µm bis 500µm bei einer Sensitivität für Röntgenstrahlung in einem Energiebereich zwischen 500eV und 30keV, bei einer Energieauflösung von weniger als 0,5keV bei Zählraten von bis zu 100kcps und bezogen auf eine Energie von 8,04keV aufweisen, dass die elektronische Einrichtung für jedes einzelne Detektorelement des Röntgen-Detektor-Arrays einen Signalkanal umfasst, und dass jede Diskriminatoreinrichtung für ein bestimmtes Detektorelement jeweils mit den Diskriminatoreinrichtungen der diesem Detektorelement räumlich unmittelbar benachbarten Detektorelemente elektrisch verbunden ist, wobei sämtliche Diskriminatoreinrichtungen über eine digitale und/oder analoge Schaltung derart miteinander verschaltet sind, dass ein simultanes Auftreten von Signalen auf mehr als einem Detektorelement erkannt und elektrisch gesondert behandelt werden kann.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a positron tomography imaging apparatus for a multiphase flow in an oil pipeline, which apparatus utilizes positron and electron annihilation generating a pair of coincidence gamma-rays of 511keV energy as tomography imaging means and provides an on-line tomography imaging function for metering a multiphase flow in an oil pipeline of an oil field. The apparatus comprises a plurality of sets of parallel high-precision gamma-ray detector arrays with a particular space structure arrangement, a positron radioactive source and a shield, and can acquire a phase fraction of such multiphase flow mixture as oil, gas and water under a condition of a single radioactive source by combining an image processing function. The design of a plurality of sets of high-precision detector arrays also greatly improves accuracy of a multiphase flow metering and its applicability in multiphase flows of different flow patterns. The video information of fluid generated by it will significantly enrich oil, gas metering information for petroleum industry and provide basic data for a more effective reservoir management and production optimization.
摘要:
A radiation detector module (22) particularly well suited for use in computed tomography (CT) applications includes a scintillator (200), a photodetector array (202), and signal processing electronics (205). The photodetector array (202) includes a semiconductor substrate (208) having a plurality of photodetectors and metalization (210) fabricated on non-illuminated side of the substrate (208). The metalization routes electrical signals between the photodetectors and the signal processing electronics (205) and between the signal processing electronics (205) and an electrical connector (209).
摘要:
A system for and method of producing digital filmless X-ray projection images having resolution and dynamic range characteristics comparable to extant photographic film-based images include an X-ray source (102) directing an X-ray beam (112) through an object to be viewed toward a detector array (106), a drive mechanism (108) for rotating the detector array in a plane substantially normal to the X-ray beam, and a reconstruction computer (408) for generating an image from projection data taken from the detector array. The system generates a projection data set corresponding to each of a plurality of incremental angular positions of the detector array, and the reconstruction computer combines the data sets to form a two-dimensional projection image of the object being viewed.