摘要:
An endothermic reaction furnace (102) includes one or more elongated tubes (110) defining therein an endothermic reaction flow path and a combustion flow path for providing heat to drive the endothermic reaction. The combustion flow path is arranged so that fuel and combustion air are separately heated by the heat inside the furnace (102) to significantly above their autoignition temperature before being combined in a combustion zone (116) where they mix, autoignite and burn.
摘要:
A method of determining or predicting a value Px of a property of a feed X to a steam cracking process or yield of said process, which method comprises measuring the absorption Dix of said material at more than one wavelength in the region 600-2600 nm, comparing signals indicative of said absorptions or a mathematical function thereof with signals indicative of absorptions Dim or mathematical function thereof at the same wavelength for a number of standards S in a bank for which the said property or yield P is known, and choosing from the bank at least one standard Sm with property Pm said standard having the smallest average value of the absolute difference at each wavelength i between the signal for the material and the signal for the standard Sm to obtain Px, with averaging of said properties or yields Pm when more than one standard Sm is chosen.
摘要:
A compact endothermic reaction apparatus employing metallic reaction tubes (28; 152) in a close-pack arrangement using offset nozzle tubes (90; 167) and an air distribution plate (68; 160) for introducing fuel and air into a combustion chamber to produce long and thin flames thereby to avoid excessive localized heating of the reaction tubes and provide high reaction tube life expectancy. Also, excessive localized heating of the reaction tubes at the inlet ends of exhaust tubes (94; 172) is eliminated and provision is made for preventing buckling of individual reaction tubes thatr may be subjected to higher than average reaction tube temperatures.
摘要:
Disclosed are novel polyalkoxyamines having the formula:-
wherein (x+y) has a value in the range from 1 to 19 and y is either zero or an integer; D is ⁅ CHR-CHR¹-O ⁆ n CHR¹-CHR- (II) wherein either R=R¹=H or R=C₁ to C₄ alkyl and R¹= H and n has a value in the range from 1 to 10; and Y is independently either -OH or -NHR² wherein R² is either H or alkyl. Polyalkoxyamines having the formula (I) are prepared by the deaminative polymerisation of diamines, which can be prepared by the catalysed reaction of a glycol and ammonia in the presence of hydrogen. Reaction of a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acylating agent with the polyalkoxyamine of formula (I) produces a dispersant additive suitable for use in lubricating oil and fuel compositions.
摘要:
A continuous process for the dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon and/or oxygenated hydrocarbon feed, comprising contacting the hydrocarbon and/or oxygenated hydrocarbon feed with a dehydrogenation catalyst at elevated temperature in a reaction zone characterised in that the catalyst is capable of retaining hydrogen and (a) is contacted with a feed to form a dehydrogenated product and hydrogen, at least some of the hydrogen formed being adsorbed by the catalyst and/or reacting therewith to reduce at least part of the catalyst; (b) the dehydrogenated product and any unadsorbed/unreacted hydrogen is removed from the reaction zone; (c) at least some of the adsorbed hydrogen is removed from the catalyst and/or at least some of the reduced catalyst is oxidised; and (d) reusing the catalyst from step (c) in step (a).
摘要:
A process for the production of mono-olefins from a paraffin-containing hydrocarbon feed having at least two carbon atoms which comprises a first step of partially combusting a mixture of the hydrocarbon feed and a molecular oxygen-containing gas in contact with a catalyst capable of supporting combustion beyond the normal fuel rich limit of flammability, the first step being carried out under a total pressure of greater than 5 bar absolute and at a temperature of greater than 650°C; and a second step of cooling the mono-olefinic products to 600°C or less within less than 50 milliseconds of formation.
摘要:
Structures suitable for use in the production of selective membranes are made from porous shaped articles of sinterable phenolic resin powder. A layer of compatible organic polymer with a high carbon yield is deposited on said shaped article and the resulting product is carbonised.