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    Micromachined electrode array
    1.
    发明授权
    Micromachined electrode array 有权
    微加工电极阵列

    公开(公告)号：US07308317B1

    公开(公告)日：2007-12-11

    申请号：US11060473

    申请日：2005-02-17

    申请人： Murat Okandan ,  Kurt O. Wessendorf

    发明人： Murat Okandan ,  Kurt O. Wessendorf

    IPC分类号： A61N1/05

    CPC分类号： A61N1/0543

    摘要： An electrode array is disclosed which has applications for neural stimulation and sensing. The electrode array, in certain embodiments, can include a plurality of electrodes each of which is flexibly attached to a common substrate using a plurality of springs to allow the electrodes to move independently. In other embodiments of the electrode array, the electrodes can be fixed to the substrate. The electrode array can be formed from a combination of bulk and surface micromachining, and can include electrode tips having an electroplated metal (e.g. platinum, iridium, gold or titanium) or a metal oxide (e.g. iridium oxide) for biocompatibility. The electrode array can be used to form a part of a neural prosthesis, and is particularly well adapted for use in an implantable retinal prosthesis.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种具有神经刺激和感测应用的电极阵列。 在某些实施例中，电极阵列可以包括多个电极，每个电极使用多个弹簧灵活地附接到公共衬底，以允许电极独立地移动。 在电极阵列的其它实施例中，电极可以固定到基板上。 电极阵列可以由本体和表面微加工的组合形成，并且可以包括用于生物相容性的具有电镀金属（例如铂，铱，金或钛）或金属氧化物（例如氧化铱）的电极尖端。 电极阵列可用于形成神经假体的一部分，并且特别适用于可植入的视网膜假体。

    Demultiplexer circuit for neural stimulation
    2.
    发明授权
    Demultiplexer circuit for neural stimulation 有权
    用于神经刺激的解复用器电路

    公开(公告)号：US08285394B1

    公开(公告)日：2012-10-09

    申请号：US12502698

    申请日：2009-07-14

    申请人： Kurt O. Wessendorf ,  Murat Okandan ,  Sean Pearson

    发明人： Kurt O. Wessendorf ,  Murat Okandan ,  Sean Pearson

    IPC分类号： A61N1/05

    CPC分类号： A61N1/36046 ,  A61N1/0543

    摘要： A demultiplexer circuit is disclosed which can be used with a conventional neural stimulator to extend the number of electrodes which can be activated. The demultiplexer circuit, which is formed on a semiconductor substrate containing a power supply that provides all the dc electrical power for operation of the circuit, includes digital latches that receive and store addressing information from the neural stimulator one bit at a time. This addressing information is used to program one or more 1:2N demultiplexers in the demultiplexer circuit which then route neural stimulation signals from the neural stimulator to an electrode array which is connected to the outputs of the 1:2N demultiplexer. The demultiplexer circuit allows the number of individual electrodes in the electrode array to be increased by a factor of 2N with N generally being in a range of 2-4.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种解复用器电路，其可以与传统的神经刺激器一起使用以扩展可以被激活的电极的数量。 形成在包含提供用于电路操作的所有直流电的电源的半导体衬底上的解复用器电路包括一次接收并存储来自神经刺激器的寻址信息的数字锁存器。 该寻址信息用于对解复用器电路中的一个或多个1：2N解复用器进行编程，然后将神经刺激信号从神经刺激器传送到连接到1：2N解复用器的输出的电极阵列。 解复用器电路允许电极阵列中的各个电极的数量增加2N倍，N通常在2-4的范围内。

    Electrode array for neural stimulation
    3.
    发明授权
    Electrode array for neural stimulation 有权
    电极阵列用于神经刺激

    公开(公告)号：US08000804B1

    公开(公告)日：2011-08-16

    申请号：US11588905

    申请日：2006-10-27

    申请人： Kurt O. Wessendorf ,  Murat Okandan ,  David J. Stein ,  Pin Yang ,  Joseph Cesarano, III ,  Jennifer Dellinger

    发明人： Kurt O. Wessendorf ,  Murat Okandan ,  David J. Stein ,  Pin Yang ,  Joseph Cesarano, III ,  Jennifer Dellinger

    IPC分类号： A61N1/00

    CPC分类号： A61N1/0543 ,  A61N1/36046

    摘要： An electrode array for neural stimulation is disclosed which has particular applications for use in a retinal prosthesis. The electrode array can be formed as a hermetically-sealed two-part ceramic package which includes an electronic circuit such as a demultiplexer circuit encapsulated therein. A relatively large number (up to 1000 or more) of individually-addressable electrodes are provided on a curved surface of a ceramic base portion the electrode array, while a much smaller number of electrical connections are provided on a ceramic lid of the electrode array. The base and lid can be attached using a metal-to-metal seal formed by laser brazing. Electrical connections to the electrode array can be provided by a flexible ribbon cable which can also be used to secure the electrode array in place.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于神经刺激的电极阵列，其具有用于视网膜假体的特定应用。 电极阵列可以形成为密封的两部分陶瓷封装，其包括诸如其中封装的解复用器电路的电子电路。 在电极阵列的陶瓷基部的弯曲表面上设置相对大的（多达1000个或更多个）可单独寻址的电极，而在电极阵列的陶瓷盖上提供少得多的电连接。 可以使用由激光钎焊形成的金属对金属密封来安装基座和盖子。 可以通过柔性带状电缆来提供与电极阵列的电连接，柔性带状电缆也可用于将电极阵列固定在适当的位置。

    Flexible retinal electrode array
    4.
    发明授权
    Flexible retinal electrode array 有权
    灵活的视网膜电极阵列

    公开(公告)号：US07127301B1

    公开(公告)日：2006-10-24

    申请号：US10426152

    申请日：2003-04-28

    申请人： Murat Okandan ,  Kurt O. Wessendorf ,  Todd R. Christenson

    发明人： Murat Okandan ,  Kurt O. Wessendorf ,  Todd R. Christenson

    IPC分类号： A61N1/05

    CPC分类号： A61N1/0543

    摘要： An electrode array which has applications for neural stimulation and sensing. The electrode array can include a large number of electrodes each of which is flexibly attached to a common substrate using a plurality of springs to allow the electrodes to move independently. The electrode array can be formed from a combination of bulk and surface micromachining, with electrode tips that can include an electroplated metal (e.g. platinum, iridium, gold or titanium) or a metal oxide (e.g. iridium oxide) for biocompatibility. The electrode array can be used to form a part of a neural prosthesis, and is particularly well adapted for use in an implantable retinal prosthesis where the electrodes can be tailored to provide a uniform gentle contact pressure with optional sensing of this contact pressure at one or more of the electrodes.

    摘要翻译： 一种具有神经刺激和感测应用的电极阵列。 电极阵列可以包括多个电极，每个电极使用多个弹簧灵活地附接到公共基板，以允许电极独立地移动。 电极阵列可以由本体和表面微加工的组合形成，电极尖可以包括用于生物相容性的电镀金属（例如铂，铱，金或钛）或金属氧化物（例如氧化铱）。 电极阵列可用于形成神经假体的一部分，并且特别适用于可植入的视网膜假体，其中电极可以被调整以提供均匀的温和接触压力，并且可选地感测到该接触压力在一个或 更多的电极。

    Structured wafer for device processing
    6.
    发明授权
    Structured wafer for device processing 有权
    用于器件处理的结构晶片

    公开(公告)号：US08729673B1

    公开(公告)日：2014-05-20

    申请号：US13239181

    申请日：2011-09-21

    申请人： Murat Okandan ,  Gregory N. Nielson

    发明人： Murat Okandan ,  Gregory N. Nielson

    IPC分类号： H01L29/06

    CPC分类号： H01L21/78 ,  H01L21/02035 ,  H01L21/6835 ,  H01L21/76251 ,  H01L2221/68318 ,  H01L2221/6835 ,  H01L2221/68363 ,  H01L2221/68381

    摘要： A structured wafer that includes through passages is used for device processing. Each of the through passages extends from or along one surface of the structured wafer and forms a pattern on a top surface area of the structured wafer. The top surface of the structured wafer is bonded to a device layer via a release layer. Devices are processed on the device layer, and are released from the structured wafer using etchant. The through passages within the structured wafer allow the etchant to access the release layer to thereby remove the release layer.

    摘要翻译： 包括贯穿通道的结构晶片用于器件处理。 每个贯穿通道从结构晶片的一个表面延伸或沿着结构晶片的一个表面延伸，并在结构化晶片的顶表面区域上形成图案。 结构晶片的顶表面通过释放层结合到器件层。 器件在器件层上进行处理，并使用蚀刻剂从结晶晶片释放。 结构化晶片内的通道允许蚀刻剂进入释放层，从而去除释放层。

    Method and apparatus for measuring gate leakage current in an integrated circuit
    8.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for measuring gate leakage current in an integrated circuit 失效
    用于测量集成电路中漏极漏电流的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US06348806B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-02-19

    申请号：US09271892

    申请日：1999-03-18

    申请人： Murat Okandan ,  Jules D. Campbell, Jr.

    发明人： Murat Okandan ,  Jules D. Campbell, Jr.

    IPC分类号： G01R3128

    CPC分类号： G01R31/2621 ,  G01R31/275

    摘要： An integrated circuit (10) includes a measurement circuit (20) for determining if a transistor (26) has normal gate leakage current or has a gate leakage current which is greater than normal. A transistor such as transistor (26) may be in a condition known as quasi-breakdown which typically occurs in response to some electrical stress. The characteristic of quasi-breakdown is that there is a very significant increase in gate leakage current, the transistor continues to function as a transistor but perhaps with degraded performance, and the transistor will fail if it continues to receive the stresses that caused it to go into quasi-breakdown. Thus, the measurement circuit (20), which is included on the integrated circuit (10), provides an early warning that a transistor, a device under test (26), is going to fail if the operating conditions remain the same.

    摘要翻译： 集成电路（10）包括用于确定晶体管（26）是否具有正常栅极漏电流或具有大于正常栅极漏电流的测量电路（20）。 诸如晶体管（26）的晶体管可以处于已知为准分解的状态，其通常响应于一些电应力而发生。 准分解的特征是栅极漏电流有非常显着的增加，晶体管继续用作晶体管，但也可能具有降低的性能，如果晶体管继续接收导致其导致的应力，晶体管将失效 进入准分解。 因此，包括在集成电路（10）中的测量电路（20）提供了如果工作条件保持相同，则晶体管（被测器件）将失败的早期警告。

    Photovoltaic solar cell
    9.
    发明授权
    Photovoltaic solar cell 有权
    光伏太阳能电池

    公开(公告)号：US09130092B1

    公开(公告)日：2015-09-08

    申请号：US12882976

    申请日：2010-09-15

    申请人： Gregory N. Nielson ,  Vipin P. Gupta ,  Murat Okandan ,  Michael R. Watts

    发明人： Gregory N. Nielson ,  Vipin P. Gupta ,  Murat Okandan ,  Michael R. Watts

    IPC分类号： H01L31/00 ,  H01L31/05

    CPC分类号： H01L31/0543 ,  G02B7/023 ,  G02B7/08 ,  H01L31/022441 ,  H01L31/0504 ,  H01L31/061 ,  H01L31/0745 ,  H01L31/1804 ,  H01L31/1892 ,  H02S20/32 ,  Y02E10/52 ,  Y02E10/547 ,  Y02P70/521

    摘要： A photovoltaic solar concentrator is disclosed with one or more transverse-junction solar cells (also termed point contact solar cells) and a lens located above each solar cell to concentrate sunlight onto the solar cell to generate electricity. Piezoelectric actuators tilt or translate each lens to track the sun using a feedback-control circuit which senses the electricity generated by one or more of the solar cells. The piezoelectric actuators can be coupled through a displacement-multiplier linkage to provide an increased range of movement of each lens. Each lens in the solar concentrator can be supported on a frame (also termed a tilt plate) having three legs, with the movement of the legs being controlled by the piezoelectric actuators.

    摘要翻译： 公开了具有一个或多个横向结太阳能电池（也称为点接触太阳能电池）的光伏太阳能集中器和位于每个太阳能电池上方的透镜，以将太阳光集中到太阳能电池上以发电。 压电执行器使用反馈控制电路倾斜或平移每个透镜来跟踪太阳，所述反馈控制电路感测由一个或多个太阳能电池产生的电力。 压电致动器可以通过位移 - 倍增器联动来耦合，以提供每个透镜的增加的运动范围。 太阳能集中器中的每个透镜可以被支撑在具有三个腿的框架（也称为倾斜板）上，腿的移动由压电致动器控制。