Abstract:
A first mask layer pattern including a plurality of parallel line portions is formed on an etch target layer on a semiconductor substrate. A sacrificial layer is formed on the first mask layer pattern and portions of the etch target layer between the parallel line portions of the first mask layer pattern. A second mask layer pattern is formed on the sacrificial layer, the second mask layer pattern including respective parallel lines disposed between respective adjacent ones of the parallel line portions of the first mask layer pattern, wherein adjacent line portions of the first mask layer pattern and the second mask layer pattern are separated by the sacrificial layer. A third mask layer pattern is formed including first and second portions covering respective first and second ends of the line portions of the first mask layer pattern and the second mask layer pattern and having an opening at the line portions of the first and second mask layer patterns between the first and second ends. The sacrificial layer and the etch target layer are etched using the third mask layer pattern, the first mask layer pattern and the second mask layer pattern as a mask to thereby form a plurality of parallel trenches in the etch target layer between the line portions of the first and second mask layer patterns. Conductive lines may be formed in the trenches.
Abstract:
Apparatus for stabilizing carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of laser pulse generated by mode locked pulsed laser based on direct locking method includes laser oscillator, interferometer, detector and double feedback circuit. The laser oscillator includes the mode locked pulsed laser generating the laser pulse. The interferometer generates laser pulses having first and second frequency components from the laser pulse generated by the mode locked pulsed laser to generate first and second interference signals that substantially correspond to each other in time domain and space domain. The detector receives the first and second interference signals to output third and fourth interference signals by inverting phase of the second interference signal. The double feedback circuit controls the laser oscillator so that the CEP of the laser pulse generated by the mode locked pulsed laser has substantially constant value with respect to time using CEP signal obtained from the third and fourth interference signals.
Abstract:
A light scanning device and a method thereof are provided. The device is under control of a controller for controlling an image-forming apparatus and includes a second S&H signal generator, light output part, and a light output controller. The second S&H signal generator generates a plurality of second S&H signals, each consisting of a sampling interval and a holding interval and generated using a first S&H signal provided from the controller. The light output part outputs a plurality of lights and the light output controller controls the light output part to generate the plurality of lights for the respective sampling intervals of the plurality of second S&H signals and sets a control signal value controlling intensities of lights to be maintained for the holding intervals of the plurality of second S&H signals on the basis of the intensities of the generated light. Accordingly, standardization of an interface between parts is simplified.
Abstract:
An image forming apparatus includes a light emitting unit that emits light based on image data, an image forming unit that forms an image by scanning the light emitted from the light emitting unit, a sensing unit that senses a light quantity of the light emitted from the light emitting unit, and a controller that adjusts the image data to make the sensed light quantity reach a predetermined target light quantity and applies the adjusted image data to the light emitting unit.
Abstract:
An image sensor with sufficient photoelectric conversion capacity and enhanced reliability and a method of fabricating the same, in which the image sensor includes a bare substrate; an epitaxial layer disposed on the bare substrate and including a first impurity distribution region of a first conductivity type, which is formed on the bare substrate, and a second impurity distribution region of a second conductivity type, which is formed on the first impurity distribution region; and a charge collection well formed within the epitaxial layer and at least partially doped with third impurities of the second conductivity type, wherein the charge collection well occupies the first impurity distribution region and the second impurity distribution region and represents the second conductivity type as a whole.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a test question constructing apparatus and method, a test sheet fabricated using the method, and a computer-readable recording medium storing a test question constructing program for executing the method. The test question constructing apparatus includes a reception unit, a first conversion unit, a database, a correct answer arrangement generating unit, and a second conversion unit. The receiving unit receives a plurality of questions and meta information, containing attributes thereof. The first conversion unit converts the received questions into data files, containing content and composition information. The database stores the meta information and the data files. The correct answer arrangement creation unit varies arrangement of respective choices for test questions using the data files and the meta information. The second conversion unit extracts a plurality of data files from the database and converts the data files into a format available for the test.
Abstract:
Disclosed herein is a system for handling scheduled lending and self-returning of articles to which RFID tags are attached. The system includes a body. The body includes, on a front surface thereof, a display for displaying a method of using the system, handling processes, and processing results, a speaker, a receipt issuing unit, a manipulational information input unit, an external antenna for transmitting/receiving information to/from the RFID tags, and a plurality of article depositories having respective internal antennas for transmitting/receiving information to/from the RFID tags. The body includes, on the inside thereof, a reader for reading the information recorded in the RFID tags through the external antenna and the internal antennas, and a controller for comparing information, transmitted/received to/from the reader, with stored article management information, checking validity of deposit, lending, and returning of the articles, and operating locking units of the article depositories, the display, the speaker, and the receipt issuing unit.
Abstract:
Provided is a method of fabricating a heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT). The method includes: sequentially depositing a sub-collector layer, a collector layer, a base layer, an emitter layer, and an emitter capping layer on a substrate; forming an emitter electrode on the emitter capping layer; forming a mesa type emitter to expose the base layer by sequentially etching the emitter capping layer and the emitter layer using the emitter electrode as an etch mask in vertical and negative-sloped directions to the substrate, respectively; and forming a base electrode on the exposed base layer using the emitter electrode as a mask in self-alignment with the emitter electrode. In this method, a distance between the mesa type emitter and the base electrode can be minimized and reproducibly controlled. Also, a self-aligned device with an excellent high-frequency characteristic can be embodied.
Abstract:
A processor implemented video monitor includes a display housing hinged to an overhead console. The display housing is stowed in an open stowage cavity of the console and is maintained in its stowed position by a latch detent pin which projects through an opening in a cavity wall and engages a recess, aperture or slot in a wall of the housing. The detent pin is retracted by a solenoid mounted within the console for releasing the display housing for deployment to a viewing position. A shallow finger well having exposed touch sensor terminals is formed in the console. Upon placement of a finger in the well and against the terminals, a solenoid driving circuit actuates the solenoid to retract the latch and permit the display housing to lower to a deployed position. The solenoid is optionally actuated through the processor, as by response to a remote control signal sensor or a membrane keypad.
Abstract:
A DC connector arrangement is disclosed. The DC connector arrangement includes a DC plug and a DC receptacle that are configured to engage one another at more than one position. The DC plug and DC receptacle are also configured with a small contact distance to minimize the insertion and extraction forces that occur between the DC plug and the DC receptacle.