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公开(公告)号：US4177130A
公开(公告)日：1979-12-04
申请号：US950363
申请日：1978-10-11
申请人： Fritz Herrmann , Abdel-Latif Bilal
发明人： Fritz Herrmann , Abdel-Latif Bilal
CPC分类号： B01D57/02
摘要： In apparatus for separating ions in a solution by countercurrent electrolysis, a generally cylindrical column is constituted by axially juxtaposed annular segments which define respective chambers separated by liquid-permeable partitions. The two axially terminal chambers contain electrodes. Radial bores in the segments permit introduction and discharge of the solution to be tested, of an electrolyte flowing countercurrent to the solution, and of a cooling liquid passing through a cooling coil in each chamber. A shaft axially extending through the column carries agitating blades in each chamber and is magnetically rotated.
摘要翻译： 在用于通过逆流电解分离溶液中的离子的装置中，通常为圆柱形的柱由轴向并置的环形段构成，其限定由液体可渗透隔板分隔的相应的室。 两个轴向端子室包含电极。 片段中的径向孔允许待测试溶液的引入和排出，与溶液逆流的电解液以及通过每个室中的冷却盘管的冷却液。 轴向延伸穿过该列的轴在每个室中承载搅动叶片并且磁力旋转。
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公开(公告)号：US4176063A
公开(公告)日：1979-11-27
申请号：US844374
申请日：1977-10-21
申请人： Truman V. Tyler
发明人： Truman V. Tyler
IPC分类号： C02F1/44 , A61L2/00 , B01D61/02 , B01D61/08 , B01D61/10 , B01D61/12 , B01D63/00 , B01D65/02 , F16K7/14 , C02B1/82
CPC分类号： B01D61/08 , B01D65/02 , B01D2313/18 , B01D2313/50 , B01D2321/12 , B01D2321/14
摘要： An economical and commercially practical reverse-osmosis water purifier system which has no back pressure acting against the semipermeable membrane, so that the filtering rate is maximized. Furthermore, the supply of tap water to the system is shut off automatically as soon as the pure water storage tank is full, use of water thus being greatly reduced. These, and other major advantages, are achieved despite the fact that there is only a single tube extending to the faucet, automatic ice-maker, refrigerated drinking fountain or other point of use.The system uses rugged, long-lasting and economical diaphragm valves, which eliminates the need for sliding seals. Thus, it becomes highly practical to injection-mold the valves of plastic.The long-standing major problem of plugging or fouling of the constricted outlet for waste water is eliminated at low cost and with very little use of water. What water is used provides not only cleaning of the constriction region but also a partial flushing of the filter membrane. These results are achieved by means of a self-cleaning constrictor valve having a predetermined flow area which may be made as small as the manufacturer desires.In one embodiment, a valve is provided to automatically stop the outflow of squeeze water while the faucet is in open condition. This saves additional water and also makes it possible to build up a relatively high pure-water pressure even when the inlet pressure is less than average.
摘要翻译： 一种经济且商业上实用的反渗透净水器系统，其无反压力作用于半透膜，从而使过滤速率最大化。 此外，一旦纯净水储存罐充满，系统自来水的供应便会自动关闭，从而大大减少了使用水量。 尽管事实上只有一根管延伸到水龙头，自动制冰机，冷藏饮水机或其他使用点上，但是这些和其他主要的优点是实现的。 该系统采用坚固耐用，经久耐用的隔膜阀，无需滑动密封。 因此，注塑塑料阀门变得非常实用。 废水的收缩出口堵塞或堵塞的长期存在的主要问题是以低成本且少量使用水被消除。 使用什么水不仅提供收缩区域的清洁，而且还可以部分地冲洗过滤膜。 这些结果通过具有预定流动面积的自清洁压缩阀来实现，该预定的流动区域可以制造得像制造商所希望的那样小。 在一个实施例中，阀被设置成在水龙头处于打开状态时自动停止挤压水的流出。 这节省了额外的水，并且即使当入口压力小于平均值时，也可以建立相对较高的纯水压力。
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公开(公告)号：US4169789A
公开(公告)日：1979-10-02
申请号：US911959
申请日：1978-06-01
申请人： Henry Lerat
发明人： Henry Lerat
IPC分类号： C02F20060101 , C02F1/00 , C02F1/44 , B01D13/00 , C02B1/82
CPC分类号： B01D65/08 , B01D61/025 , B01D2311/02 , B01D2313/90 , B01D2321/02 , B01D2321/04
摘要： Sea water is purified by reverse osmosis in an offshore installation wherein sea water is withdrawn from the sea by a low pressure pump and passed through plural-stage physical filters having decreasing degrees of porosity to remove suspended particles and colloids from the sea water. The thus filtered sea water is then fed by a high pressure pump, at a controlled pressure above the osmotic pressure of the sea water to a reverse osmosis module, wherein a portion of the sea water permeates through a semi-permeable membrane of the module to form purified potable water, and wherein the remaining sea water, having the dissolved salt concentration thereof increased, is discharged back to the sea. The reverse osmosis module is operated such that the conversion level, measured in percent and equal to the volume of purified water divided by the volume of sea water fed to the module, is maintained below a maximum value to prevent the formation on the semi-permeable membrane of the module of sulfates and carbonates.
摘要翻译： 海水通过海上设施的反渗透净化，其中通过低压泵从海中抽出海水，并通过具有降低孔隙率的多级物理过滤器以从海水中除去悬浮颗粒和胶体。 然后将如此过滤的海水通过高压泵在高于海水的渗透压的受控压力下进料到反渗透模块，其中一部分海水渗透通过模块的半透膜， 形成纯净的饮用水，并且其中溶解盐浓度增加的剩余海水被排放回海。 操作反渗透模块，使得按照百分比测量并等于净化水体积的转化水平除以供给模块的海水的体积被保持在最大值以下，以防止在半渗透 硫酸盐和碳酸盐模块的膜。
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公开(公告)号：US4119520A
公开(公告)日：1978-10-10
申请号：US804560
申请日：1977-06-08
IPC分类号： C02F1/00 , C02F1/461 , C02F1/463 , C02F1/465 , C02F1/467 , C10M115/00 , G05D21/02 , C25B9/00 , C02B1/82
CPC分类号： G05D21/02 , C02F1/002 , C02F1/46104 , C10M115/00 , C02F1/001 , C02F1/4672 , C02F2001/46128 , C02F2201/4612 , C02F2201/46165 , C02F2201/4617 , C02F2209/05 , C02F2303/04
摘要： A purification unit includes an electrolytic cell adapted to hold a body of water to be purified and provided with two electrically insulated electrodes, a pump supplying the water to be purified to the cell through a filter and driving purified water out of the unit, a power supply for supplying electrolyzing current to the electrodes, a control circuit which generates a sensible signal indicative of the operating conditions of the pump, the power supply, and the filter, and a housing which encloses the cell, the pump, the power supply, and the control circuit. The housing is partly received in a container for the raw water. The portion of the housing projecting from the container carries a discharge spout for purified water, a connector for an external source of current, and the signal display elements of the control circuit.
摘要翻译： 净化单元包括电解槽，该电解槽适于容纳要净化的水体并设置有两个电绝缘电极，通过过滤器将净化水供给到电池并将净化水驱出单元的泵， 用于向电极供应电解电流的供应源，产生指示泵，电源和过滤器的操作条件的敏感信号的控制电路，以及包围电池，泵，电源和 控制电路。 外壳部分接收在原水的容器中。 从容器突出的壳体的部分携带用于净化水的排出口，用于外部电流源的连接器以及控制电路的信号显示元件。
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公开(公告)号：US4110219A
公开(公告)日：1978-08-29
申请号：US764828
申请日：1977-02-02
申请人： Paul D. Maples
发明人： Paul D. Maples
CPC分类号： B01D63/10 , B01D61/08 , B01D61/10 , B01D63/103 , C02F9/005 , B01D2313/20 , C02F1/283 , C02F1/441
摘要： A portable water container for holding water treated by reverse osmosis water purification, which container rests on a base. The base has a recess in which a reverse osmosis unit is laid, with water connecting means for supplying water to the portable water container and for providing an overflow. The reverse osmosis unit can be quickly and easily removed from the base by merely lifting the osmosis unit from the recess and pulling stopper type end connectors from the ends thereof. The walls of the recessed portion of the base restrains movement of the stopper end connectors from the osmosis units during use. Also a unique reverse osmosis unit is used that has activated carbon impregnated paper therein through which the water passes providing further water treatment.
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公开(公告)号：US4098660A
公开(公告)日：1978-07-04
申请号：US810867
申请日：1977-06-28
申请人： Volker Eibl , August Reis
发明人： Volker Eibl , August Reis
CPC分类号： C02F1/4672 , A61L2/035 , C02F1/4606 , C02F2303/04
摘要： Water contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms is passed over a silver anode of an electrolyte cell in a layer 1 to 4 mm thick. The anode surface and the rate of water flow through the cell are related according to the equation F .gtoreq. c .times. V, wherein F is the anode surface area in cm.sup.2, V is the water flow rate in cm.sup.3 /second and c is a constant of the dimension sec/cm, with a value of 2 to 5. The density of the current in relation to the area of the anode surface is between 1.5 and 3.0 mA/cm.sup.2 and the voltage is such that active oxygen is generated at the anode. The effluent from the cell is safe to drink.
摘要翻译： 被病原微生物污染的水通过1至4毫米厚的电解质电池的银阳极。 阳极表面和通过电池的水流量根据等式F> / = cx V相关，其中F是以cm 2表示的阳极表面积，V是以cm 3 /秒表示的水流速，c是常数 尺寸sec / cm，值为2至5.电流密度相对于阳极表面的面积在1.5至3.0mA / cm 2之间，并且电压使得在阳极处产生活性氧 。 来自细胞的流出物可以安全饮用。
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公开(公告)号：US4072596A
公开(公告)日：1978-02-07
申请号：US663791
申请日：1976-03-04
申请人： Karl Moeglich
发明人： Karl Moeglich
CPC分类号： C02F1/46 , C02F1/46114 , C02F1/4672 , C02F1/4676 , Y10S588/90
摘要： A vessel is described for facilitating the removal of difficultly oxidizable impurities such as phenol and/or polychlorinated biphenyl from dilute aqueous solutions or dispersions. The vessel contains stacked, packed beds having characteristics of alternating high and low electrical conductivity with separately controlled pairs of electrodes for the two alternate types of beds. An aqueous solution containing contaminants is admitted to the vessel and passed through the successive beds wherein the solution or dispersion is subjected to an alternating current field for decomposition of the contaminants in the high resistivity beds and oxidization thereof in the lower resistivity beds by hydrogen peroxide produced by alternating current electrolysis of water. The preferred electrodes are hollow and water cooled. In addition, the bed is jacketed and cooling water is circulated through the jacket to maintain a more efficient, lower process temperature. The bed having lower resistivity includes conductive particles which may be graphite, and may include activated carbon or equivalent material. Said bed also contains non-conductive particles such particles being coated with catalysts. The catalyst may be an oxidation catalyst, such as the oxides of the metals of Groups IVa, Va, VIb, and VIIb, and specifically preferred are MnO.sub.2, Cr.sub. 2 O.sub.3, Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 or PbO.sub.2. In the alternative, the catalyst may be a reduction catalyst such as oxides of nickel, iron and oxides of other Group VIII metals. The highly resistive bed is packed with said non-conductive particles only.
摘要翻译： 描述了用于促进从稀水溶液或分散体除去难以可氧化的杂质如苯酚和/或多氯联苯的容器。 容器包含具有交替的高和低导电性的堆叠的填充床，具有用于两种替代类型的床的单独控制的电极对。 含有污染物的水溶液进入容器并通过连续的床，其中溶液或分散体经受交流电场，用于分解高电阻率床中的污染物，并且通过产生过氧化氢在较低电阻率床中的氧化 通过交流电解电解水。 优选的电极是中空的并且水冷却。 此外，床被夹套，并且冷却水循环通过护套以保持更有效，更低的工艺温度。 具有较低电阻率的床包括可以是石墨的导电颗粒，并且可以包括活性炭或等效材料。 所述床还包含非导电颗粒，这些颗粒被催化剂涂覆。 催化剂可以是氧化催化剂，例如IVa，Va，VIb和VIIb族金属的氧化物，特别优选的是MnO 2，Cr 2 O 3，Bi 2 O 3或PbO 2。 在替代方案中，催化剂可以是还原催化剂，例如镍，铁的氧化物和其它VIII族金属的氧化物。 高电阻床仅用所述非导电颗粒填充。
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公开(公告)号：US4053378A
公开(公告)日：1977-10-11
申请号：US663792
申请日：1976-03-04
申请人： Karl Moeglich , Graham L. Hodgetts
发明人： Karl Moeglich , Graham L. Hodgetts
CPC分类号： C02F1/463 , C02F1/46 , C02F2301/024
摘要： An improved method and apparatus for continuously agglomerating solids of colloidal size or larger suspended in a liquid is disclosed. The process comprises passing the liquid between spaced electrode plates in the presence of a fluidized bed of conductive particles, and subjecting said liquid suspension to an electric field from alternating current applied across said electrodes through the conductive particles of said bed. The turbulence of the particles in said bed has been found to improve conductivity and current efficiency, minimize electrode erosion, and by a mechanical, scrubbing action of the bed particles, minimize fouling or scaling of the electrodes so that the suspending forces of said solids are rapidly and efficiently broken. The agglomerated solids may then be separated from the liquid by conventional means such as skimming, settling, flotation and the like.
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公开(公告)号：US4048030A
公开(公告)日：1977-09-13
申请号：US627192
申请日：1975-10-30
申请人： Jorge Miller
发明人： Jorge Miller
CPC分类号： C02F1/46109 , C02F1/46114 , C02F1/4674 , C02F1/42 , C02F1/4602 , C02F1/4606 , C02F1/463 , C02F1/4672 , C02F2001/46119 , C02F2001/46128 , C02F2001/46138 , C02F2001/46152 , C02F2103/42 , C02F2201/4611 , C02F2201/46115 , C02F2201/4613 , C02F2301/024 , C02F2303/04
摘要： The specification describes an electrolytic cell for the treatment of water, comprising a closed container with a lower inlet opening and an upper outlet opening for the water and a cathode and an anode. In the interior of the electrolytic cell particles are located whose density is higher than that of water and which are prevented from leaving the electrolytic cell by gratings adjacent to the inlet and the outlet.
摘要翻译： 该说明书描述了一种用于处理水的电解池，包括一个封闭的容器，该容器具有一个较低的入口和一个用于水的阴极和一个阳极的上部出口。 在电解池的内部，其密度高于水的颗粒，并且通过邻近入口和出口的光栅防止其离开电解池。
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公开(公告)号：US4046663A
公开(公告)日：1977-09-06
申请号：US599457
申请日：1975-07-28
申请人： Bernard Fleet , Sankar Das Gupta
发明人： Bernard Fleet , Sankar Das Gupta
CPC分类号： C25C7/02 , C02F1/46109 , C25B11/12 , C25B9/00 , C02F1/4678 , C02F2001/46133 , C02F2001/46152 , C02F2201/4611
摘要： The invention provides an electrode for use in an electrochemical reactor. The electrode comprising a plurality of carbon fibers in close proximity to one another, each of the fibers being in electrical contact with at least several of the other carbon fibers for transmitting an electrical potential substantially throughout the electrode when the electrode is in use in the reactor.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种用于电化学反应器的电极。 电极包括彼此非常接近的多个碳纤维，每个纤维与至少几个其他碳纤维电接触，用于当电极在反应器中使用时基本上贯穿整个电极传输电势 。
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