摘要:
A method of designing a semiconductor integrated circuit includes defining a tolerable range in which an operating temperature and an operating power supply voltage of a semiconductor integrated circuit are allowed to vary, computing a target temperature and a target power supply voltage that cancel variation in circuit characteristics caused by process variation of the semiconductor integrated circuit, separately for each circuit characteristic responsive to the process variation, and designing the semiconductor integrated circuit such that the semiconductor integrated circuit properly operates with any temperature and power supply voltage within the tolerable range based on an assumption that the semiconductor integrated circuit is to operate within the tolerable range centered substantially at the target temperature and target power supply voltage.
摘要:
An exhaust gas purification apparatus for use in an internal combustion engine comprises an exhaust gas duct connected to the engine through which exhaust gas containing NOx gas passes, and a catalyst disposed in the exhaust gas duct such that it contacts the exhaust gas. The catalyst chemically adsorbs NOx when a stoichiometric amount of a gaseous oxidizing agent present in the exhaust gas is larger than that of a gaseous reducing agent present in the exhaust gas for reducing NOx, adsorbed NOx is catalytically reduced in the presence of a reducing agent when the stoichiometric amount of the oxidizing agent is not larger that of the reducing agent.
摘要:
A conversion control unit sets a converting function of a write data conversion unit or a read data conversion unit enabled or disabled for each controller. Accordingly, for a controller which needs original external data, the external data can be inputted and outputted, whereas for a controller which needs converted internal data, the internal data can be inputted and outputted. A data converting function of a conventional controller can be realized in a semiconductor memory, which can reduce the load on the controller. As a result, the performance of a system can be improved. A disabled controller which has no access right cannot read correct data (original data before conversion). Hence, the security of data written into the semiconductor memory can be protected.
摘要:
A memory cell array ARY includes a plurality of sub-arrays SARY. A data transfer unit DTU alternately accesses the sub-arrays SARY to transfer data between the sub-arrays SARY. Accordingly, it is possible to transfer data stored in one of the sub-arrays SARY to another sub-array SARY without outputting the data to a bus connected to a semiconductor memory MEM. For example, a microcontroller CNT in a system MSYS can use the bus during the data transfer since the bus is not used for the data transfer. As a result, it is possible to prevent the performance of the system MSYS from being deteriorated due to the data transfer.
摘要:
A memory controller multiplexes access signals each consisting of a plurality of bits as optical signals and outputs the multiplexed optical signals. At this time, the optical signals whose wavelengths differ depending on memory devices are generated. A memory interface unit demultiplexes the multiplexed optical signals into the original optical signals and converts the demultiplexed optical signals into electrical signals. The memory interface unit determines to which of the memory devices the electrical signals resulting from the conversion should be outputted, according to the wavelengths of the demultiplexed optical signals. This frees the memory controller from a need for transmitting to the memory interface unit a signal for identifying the memory device. The memory interface unit need not include a decoding circuit for identifying the memory device.
摘要:
The present invention provides a piezoelectric device having an extremely good secular characteristic, which is a unimorph (or bimorph) element obtained by sticking to a metal plate a piezoelectric single crystal having a giant-lateral-effect piezoelectric performance of a lateral-vibration-mode electromechanical coupling factor k31 not smaller than 70%, the unimorph (or bimorph) element having a bending-vibration-mode electromechanical coupling factor kb not smaller than 50% (or 60%). A plate-form single crystal of PZNT or PMNT is brought into a mono-domain in its thickness direction and in its plate surface so as to be provided with the giant-lateral-effect piezoelectric characteristic, and the single crystal that does not cause secular deterioration is stuck to a metal plate (shim plate) while the mono-domain quality is kept as it is, as a result of which a unimorph (or bimorph) is fabricated.
摘要翻译:本发明提供一种具有非常好的长期特性的压电器件,它是通过将具有横向振动模式的巨大横向效应的压电性能的压电单晶粘附在金属板上而获得的单压电晶片(或双压电晶片) 具有不小于70%的机电耦合因子k 31不小于70%的单模(或双压电晶片)元件具有不小于50%的弯曲振动模式机电耦合系数k B b < 或60%)。 PZNT或PMNT的板状单晶在其厚度方向和其板表面被带入单畴,从而具有巨大的横向效应的压电特性,并且不引起世俗的单晶 劣化粘附到金属板(垫板)上,同时保持单畴质量,因此制造了单晶(或双晶型)。
摘要:
Nitrogen oxides contained in an exhaust gas emitted from a lean-burn engine-mounted internal combustion engines are eliminated with a high efficiency.In an exhaust gas purification apparatus and process for eliminating nitrogen oxides contained in a combustion exhaust gas emitted from an internal combustion engine with a reducing gas such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, etc. contained in the exhaust gas in the presence of a catalyst, a catalyst comprising all of Rh, Pt and Pd, at least one member selected from alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, and Mn or its compound, supported on a porous carrier is used.
摘要:
In an exhaust gas purification process for eliminating nitrogen oxides contained in a combustion exhaust gas emitted from an internal combustion engine with a reducing gas such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, etc. contained in the exhaust gas in the presence of a catalyst, a catalyst comprising all of Rh, Pt and Pd, at least one member selected from alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, and Mn or its compound, supported on a porous carrier is used.
摘要:
A liquid-cooled circuit device including: a module having a circuit element and a module base plate on surface of which the circuit element is mounted; a circuit case for accommodating the module; and a cooling liquid chamber for flowing a cooling liquid in contact with a back face of the module base plate of said module. The module base plate of the module is fitted into an opening provided in a member forming the cooling liquid chamber and welded without a gap.
摘要:
A rotational angle detecting apparatus having a rotation detector that outputs, as a rotor coupled to a rotating member rotates, first and second detection signals, which have predetermined amplitudes, the same cycle, and a phase difference of a quarter wavelength, a memory for storing the first and second detection signals, and a control unit. The control unit detects the rotational angle of the rotating member by averaging the amplitudes of the first and second detection signals according to the area in which the first detection signal lies.