公开(公告)号：US06483096B1

公开(公告)日：2002-11-19

申请号：US09660978

申请日：2000-09-13

Applicant: Rino E. Kunz ,  Guy Voirin ,  Philipp N. Zeller

Inventor： Rino E. Kunz ,  Guy Voirin ,  Philipp N. Zeller

IPC: H01J4014

CPC classification number: G01N21/648 ,  G01N21/6428 ,  G01N21/7743

Abstract: The integrated-optical chemical and/or biochemical sensor comprises a resonant waveguide structure (1). A chemical and/or biochemical substance (2) to be sensed can be deposited on a surface of the waveguide structure (1). Incident light (31) is coupled into the waveguide structure (1) by a grating structure (G), making use of a first set of degrees of freedom. The incoupled light (32) interacts with the substance (2), which emits fluorescent light (42). Fluorescent light (42) is coupled out by the same grating structure (G), making use of a second set of degrees of freedom which differs from the first set of degrees of freedom in at least one degree of freedom. For example, the incident light (31) is coupled in using a first diffraction order mg,ex=1, and the emitted (42) light is coupled out using a second, different diffraction order mg,em=2. By this measure, the emitted outcoupled light (43) is clearly separated from exciting light (33) which is reflected and/or coupled out using the first diffraction order mg,ex=1. Such a clear separation increases the signal-to-noise ratio of the sensor signal.

Abstract translation: 集成光学化学和/或生物化学传感器包括谐振波导结构（1）。 要被感测的化学和/或生化物质（2）可沉积在波导结构（1）的表面上。 通过光栅结构（G）将入射光（31）耦合到波导结构（1）中，利用第一组自由度。 耦合的光（32）与发射荧光的物质（2）相互作用（42）。 使用与至少一个自由度的第一组自由度不同的第二组自由度，通过相同的光栅结构（G）将荧光灯（42）耦合出来。 例如，使用第一衍射级mg，ex = 1耦合入射光（31），并使用第二种不同的衍射级数mg，em = 2将所发射的（42）光耦合出来。 通过这种测量，发射的外耦合光（43）与激发光（33）清楚地分离，使用第一衍射级mg ex = 1反射和/或耦合出来。 这种明显的分离增加了传感器信号的信噪比。

公开(公告)号：US06455839B1

公开(公告)日：2002-09-24

申请号：US09737538

申请日：2000-12-15

Applicant: Christopher J. O'Connor ,  Stephen A. Hawley

Inventor： Christopher J. O'Connor ,  Stephen A. Hawley

IPC: H01J4014

CPC classification number: G01V8/12

Abstract: An object detection system employs a photo-emitter and photo-detector for synchronously detecting and processing an optical signal reflected from an object in a pinch zone of a window or door opening. A photo-emitter light signal is modulated by a modulation signal having an active phase and an inactive phase. The optical detector provides an optical detector signal that is a function of the intensity of the received light. The detected light signal is synchronously detected using a switching amplifier that multiplies the reflected modulated light signal by a first gain during the active phase and by a second gain during the inactive phase. The duration of the active and inactive phases and the first and second gains are selected such that the system gain will average to zero for ambient light when integrated over a predetermined measurement period. The synchronously detected signal is subtracted from a predetermined offset voltage, and this difference is then integrated over the measurement period. The output of the integrator is then compared to a predetermined threshold value.

公开(公告)号：US06444975B1

公开(公告)日：2002-09-03

申请号：US09530768

申请日：2000-06-23

Applicant: Stefan Reusch

Inventor： Stefan Reusch

IPC: H01J4014

CPC classification number: A01C17/008 ,  A01C21/007 ,  G01N21/3563 ,  G01N21/359

Abstract: A method of partial area-specific-fertilization of plants which, under natural light during the fertilizer application, the chlorophyll content of the plants is ascertained by means of sensors by optical reflection measurement in the visible and near infrared spectral range, the chlorophyll content is registered and from the chlorophyll content a measurement of the nutrient state of the plant is determined and from the nutrient state of the plants a computer controls the fertilizer quantity to be applied, characterized in that the reflection measurements are taken simultaneously as inclined measurements with respect to the nadir with measurement devices oriented oppositely to one another free from shadows with light guides an the influence of the solar azimuth angle is eliminated by detecting the noise signals from all measurement directions.

Abstract translation: 植物的部分面积特异性施肥方法，在施肥期间的自然光下，植物的叶绿素含量通过光学反射测量在可见光和近红外光谱范围内的传感器确定，叶绿素含量为 从叶绿素含量测定植物的营养状态的测定，并且从植物的营养状态计算机控制要施用的肥料量，其特征在于反射测量同时作为相对于 具有彼此相反的测量装置的最低点没有光导的阴影，通过从所有测量方向检测噪声信号来消除太阳方位角的影响。

公开(公告)号：US06437311B2

公开(公告)日：2002-08-20

申请号：US09779541

申请日：2001-02-06

Applicant: Koon Wing Tsang

Inventor： Koon Wing Tsang

IPC: H01J4014

CPC classification number: H01L27/1443 ,  H01L31/02161

Abstract: An anti-reflective coating having a composite layer of silicon nitride and silicon dioxide may be formed over the entire photosensitive region of the photodetector to minimize the amount of reflection. The composite layer comprises a silicon nitride layer and a dielectric layer contiguous to the silicon nitride layer. The anti-reflective coating may be formed in a CMOS process for fabricating the PN junction in the photodiode and CMOS devices for amplifying the photodetector signal, where the polysilicon gate layer is used as a etch stop. The P+ or N+ material in the PN junction of the photodiode has a distributed design where two portions of the region are separated by a distance in the range of Xd to 2Xd, where Xd is the one-sided junction depletion width, to enhance the electric field and to reduce the distance traveled by the carriers for enhancing bandwidth. A heavily doped region of the opposite type may be added between the two portions to further enhance the electric field. A mask is used to shield a portion of the substrate in which the photodetector region has been or is to be formed when other portions of the substrate region are implanted with a dopant to adjust at least one of the threshold voltages of the other portions. The mask prevents the photodetector region from being affected by such implant.

Abstract translation: 可以在光电检测器的整个感光区域上形成具有氮化硅和二氧化硅复合层的抗反射涂层，以使反射量最小化。 复合层包括氮化硅层和与氮化硅层相邻的电介质层。 抗反射涂层可以以用于制造光电二极管中的PN结的CMOS工艺形成，并且用于放大光电检测器信号的CMOS器件，其中多晶硅栅极层用作蚀刻停止。 光电二极管的PN结中的P +或N +材料具有分布式设计，其中两部分区域在Xd至2Xd的范围内分开一段距离，其中Xd为单侧结耗尽宽度，以增强电 并减少载波为增强带宽所行进的距离。 可以在两个部分之间添加相反类型的重掺杂区域以进一步增强电场。 当衬底区域的其他部分被注入掺杂剂以调整其它部分的阈值电压中的至少一个时，掩模用于屏蔽其中已经或将要形成光电探测器区域的衬底的一部分。 掩模防止光电检测器区域受到这种植入物的影响。

公开(公告)号：US06437308B1

公开(公告)日：2002-08-20

申请号：US09525598

申请日：2000-03-14

Applicant: Young-Sik Koh

Inventor： Young-Sik Koh

IPC: H01J4014

CPC classification number: H01L23/57 ,  G01J1/44 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  H03K3/0231 ,  H03K17/941 ,  H01L2924/00

Abstract: A light detection circuit employed in an electronic device such as an integrated circuit card is disclosed. The light detection circuit having a constant voltage supply connected to a power supply voltage, a sensing circuit including an element responsive to light and connected to the power supply voltage, a first comparator for determining a current sensing state according to an exposure to light, a latch circuit for storing the output of the first circuit, and a second comparator for generating an output signal which controls the constant voltage supply, the sensing circuit, and the latch circuit. The latch circuit outputs a light detection signal in response to the output of the second comparator.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种在集成电路卡等电子装置中采用的光检测电路。 光检测电路具有连接到电源电压的恒定电压源，包括响应于光并连接到电源电压的元件的感测电路，用于根据曝光确定电流感测状态的第一比较器， 用于存储第一电路的输出的锁存电路，以及用于产生控制恒定电压源的输出信号的第二比较器，感测电路和锁存电路。 锁存电路根据第二比较器的输出输出光检测信号。

公开(公告)号：US06419439B2

公开(公告)日：2002-07-16

申请号：US08687643

申请日：1996-07-26

Applicant: Volker Schlehahn ,  Klaus Schultz

Inventor： Volker Schlehahn ,  Klaus Schultz

IPC: H01J4014

CPC classification number: H01L21/67265 ,  H01L21/67778 ,  Y10S414/113

Abstract: An indexer for magazine shelves of a magazine and wafer-shaped objects contained therein has the object of ensuring accurate access in any desired and predeterminable magazine plane, also for magazines which are provided with an opening on only one removing and charging side, by means of an all-purpose indexing, wherein it is possible to differentiate between various standardized magazine and wafer formats. The magazine shelves and the wafer-shaped objects are detected by an optoelectronic sensor arrangement, at least a portion of which is designed as a distance measuring system. The indexer is applicable in the manufacture of integrated circuits, in particular, for handling wafer-shaped objects in the form of semiconductors and masks.

Abstract translation: 一种杂志的杂志架架索引器和包含在其中的晶片形物体的索引器的目标是确保在任何期望的和可预定的杂志平台上准确地访问，也可以是仅在一个移除和充电侧设置有开口的杂志，借助于 一种多用途索引，其中可以区分各种标准化的杂志和晶片格式。 杂志架和晶片形物体由光电传感器装置检测，光电传感器装置的至少一部分设计为测距系统。 分度器适用于集成电路的制造，特别是用于处理半导体和掩模形式的晶圆形物体。

公开(公告)号：US06410902B1

公开(公告)日：2002-06-25

申请号：US09214405

申请日：1998-12-18

Applicant: Kazuya Matsumoto

Inventor： Kazuya Matsumoto

IPC: H01J4014

CPC classification number: H04B10/697 ,  H03F1/565 ,  H03F3/087 ,  H03F2200/534

Abstract: In order to compensate for deterioration in gain caused by decreases in signal source impedance on a higher frequency region, a frequency characteristic compensating inductor is inserted between a light-receiving device and its bias power supply. The light-receiving device is connected to the bias power supply by way of the inductor. By causing the resonance frequency determined by the inductor and the parasitic capacitance and junction capacitance of device to coincide in the vicinity of the upper limit frequency of the band of the optical receiver, the equivalent signal source impedance of the light-receiving device can be enhanced, thus compensating for the decrease in gain of the receiver.

Abstract translation: 为了补偿由于较高频率区域的信号源阻抗的降低引起的增益的劣化，频率特性补偿电感器被插入在光接收装置与其偏置电源之间。 光接收装置通过电感器连接到偏置电源。 通过使由电感器确定的谐振频率和器件的寄生电容和结电容在光接收器的频带的上限频率附近重合，可以增强光接收装置的等效信号源阻抗 ，从而补偿接收机的增益降低。

公开(公告)号：US06403943B2

公开(公告)日：2002-06-11

申请号：US09795443

申请日：2001-03-01

Applicant: Atsushi Wada ,  Takeshi Otsuka ,  Kuniyuki Tani

Inventor： Atsushi Wada ,  Takeshi Otsuka ,  Kuniyuki Tani

IPC: H01J4014

CPC classification number: G06G7/28 ,  H03G1/0088

Abstract: Eight resistors having resistance values of R×2i (i=0 to 7) (&OHgr;) are serially connected while eight switches exhibiting parasitic resistance values of r×2i (&OHgr;) in ON states are connected in parallel with the resistors respectively, for changing a resistance value by turning on/off the switches. The resistors are connected between an inversion input terminal of an operational amplifier and a terminal, and a non-inversion input terminal receives a prescribed reference voltage. Between the inversion input terminal and an output terminal of the operational amplifier, a resistor and a switch of a variable resistance circuit forming a negative feedback loop are connected to the output terminal while another resistor and another switch are connected to the inversion input terminal. In the variable resistance circuit, the resistance values of the resistors are successively increased from the side of the terminal, so that the resistor connected to the inversion input terminal has the maximum resistance value. Thus, only a single node is present ahead of the last resistor while a parasitic capacitance is minimized, whereby the frequency characteristic of an operational amplification circuit can be improved.

公开(公告)号：US06396450B1

公开(公告)日：2002-05-28

申请号：US09853385

申请日：2001-05-11

Applicant: Roland Gilbert

Inventor： Roland Gilbert

IPC: H01J4014

CPC classification number: H01Q21/062 ,  H01J29/10 ,  H01J31/08 ,  H01Q1/22 ,  H01Q1/364 ,  H01Q9/27 ,  H01Q15/002 ,  H01Q21/061

Abstract: The present invention provides a programmable image antenna formed on the face plate of a cathode ray tube (CRT) or on another substrate. The inner CRT face is coated with a silicon semiconductor material replacing conventional phosphors utilized in CRTs for generating visual images. An electron beam impinging upon the silicon-coated CRT face plate creates conductive areas during liberation of minority carriers, in the form of electron-hole pairs. Antenna elements having a virtually unlimited variety of shapes and/or sizes can be formed on the CRT face.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供一种形成在阴极射线管（CRT）的面板上或另一基板上的可编程图像天线。 内部CRT面涂覆有硅半导体材料，代替CRT中用于产生视觉图像的常规荧光体。 入射到硅涂层的CRT面板上的电子束在电子 - 空穴对形式的少数载流子解离期间产生导电区域。 可以在CRT面上形成具有几乎无限多种形状和/或尺寸的天线元件。

公开(公告)号：US06392216B1

公开(公告)日：2002-05-21

申请号：US09364368

申请日：1999-07-30

Applicant: Yap Peng-Tan

Inventor： Yap Peng-Tan

IPC: H01J4014

CPC classification number: H04N5/2176 ,  G06T5/008 ,  G06T5/20

Abstract: A method and apparatus for compensating non-uniformity of imaging response is described. A plurality of locations on the imaging device is selected. The light intensity for each of the selected location is measured. The measured light intensities are normalized using a reference light intensity and the normalized light intensities are stored in a memory.

Abstract translation: 描述了用于补偿成像响应的不均匀性的方法和装置。 选择成像装置上的多个位置。 测量每个所选位置的光强度。 使用参考光强度对所测量的光强度进行归一化，并将归一化的光强度存储在存储器中。