Abstract:
An EDM method and apparatus for machining a workpiece electrode with a tool electrode wherein a solid-state switching type EDM generator provides a succession of machining current pulses across a machining gap formed between the electrodes flooded with a liquid dielectric, preferably distilled water or a weakly conductive aqueous liquid, through a gap discharge circuit. The total value of stray capacitances in the gap discharge circuit is limited to be less than 0.01 microfarad, preferably at most 0.005 or 0.001 microfarad, to control a rise of peak current at the leading edge of each individual machining current pulse. The gap current at the leading edge of a pulse may be sensed and discriminated to provide a control signal which acts on the DC power supply to control the output voltage thereof so that the initial rise of peak current may be maintained substantially constant, irrespective of a change in the stray resistance in the gap discharge circuit during a given course of machining operation.
Abstract:
A fluidic system (e.g. amplifier or bistable unit) having an inlet branch and a pair of outlet branches separated by a fluid-flow splitter whereby the fluid is rendered electromagnetically susceptible, e.g. magnetic by incorporating magnetic particles therein, electrostatically responsive by being relatively dielectric, or electrically conductive, so that the fluid flow to the outlet branches may be controlled by magnetic, electrostatic or current flow means or an output may be derived by similar electromagnetic means for controlling an ancillary device, providing an indication of a fluid flow parameter or feedback control of an input parameter.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for producing smoking casings in which a web of tubular casing material is perforated in the widthwise direction at predetermined intervals. The web is then creased by roller discs and folded in a strip-like configuration. A doubly-folded band of plastic material having a notched portion is inserted between one of the creases and the assembly then clamped with a metal ring around the notched portion. Finally, the end of the web is clamped, then rotated in a direction tangent to the feeding direction of the web of casing material so as to tear completed casings from the web.
Abstract:
A traveling-wire electro-erosion machine which has a head assembly comprising a tubular support formed with a plurality of roller guides positioned to define a path for a traveling wire forming an electrode for electroerosion. Above the tubular support, there is provided a boxlike housing with a supply wheel and a takeup wheel for the wire and a bevel gear on the tubular support cooperates with a pinion on a motor which enables rotation of the entire assembly. A worm-gear arrangement may be used instead of the bevel gears and a different construction of the guide rollers may be provided as well, e.g. on the downwardly extending projection from the tubular body.
Abstract:
A position measuring head, especially for locating proximity to a surface of an object to be detected, is mounted on a support and can be displaced relative to this surface. A small vibration is imparted to the head and changes in the mode of vibration on contact or approach to the surface are detected to produce an output signal.
Abstract:
An electroforming or electrodeposition system in which the depleted metallic component in the electrolyte is replenished by an electrolyzing unit having an anode chamber communicating with the electroforming electrolyte receptacle and separated by an ion-exchange membrance from a cathode chamber. An anode in the anode chamber is dissolved electrolytically to furnish the metallic component. The electroforming current is measured to indicate the rate of depletion of the metallic component from the electroforming electrolyte, the measurement signal being used to control the electrolyzing current to dissolve the metallic component from the anode so that the ionic concentration of the metal in the receptacle is maintained substantially constant.
Abstract:
An EDM apparatus is fed with unidirectional pulses formed by a rectifier in proximity to the machining gap and energized via a conductive cable from a remote power source transmitting high-frequency current through the cable.
Abstract:
A grinding apparatus and method in which at least two grinding wheels are coaxially and rotatably supported on a common spindle and are juxtaposed with a worktable for a workpiece. A pulse motor on either the worktable or the spindle displaces the wheels and the workpiece relatively along a Z-axis orthogonal to the spindle axis and another pulse motor effects relative displacement of the wheels and worktable along an X-axis which is normal to the Z-axis and is codirectional with the spindle axis. Yet another motor serves to relatively displace the wheels and worktable along a Y-axis which is normal both to the Z-axis and to the X-axis while a numerical controller applies control-signal pulses to the Z-axis displacement and the X-axis displacement motors.
Abstract:
Pulses of a pulse duration not greater than 100 microseconds are applied by an electronic switch between a tool electrode having abrasive particles distributed over its surface and a workpiece across a polishing gap supplied with an electrolyte.
Abstract:
A method of preparing a heat-transfer member having a porous metallic heat-transfer interface comprising the steps of:(a) disposing at least one surface of a substrate in contact with a solution containing a salt of a thermally conductive metal, and(b) depositing said metal from said solution upon said substrate so as to form a dendritic metallic layer thereon constituting said porous heat-transfer interface.