Abstract:
This invention relates to an improved process for reacting butyrolactone and ammonia which comprises conducting the reaction in the vapor phase in the presence of a magnesium silicate catalyst to selectively produce 2-pyrrolidone in higher yield and purity.
Abstract:
A process for preparing a lactam imide involves reacting together a lactam, a non-volatile carboxyl group-containing material, and an anhydride of a volatile carboxylic acid with the proviso that an appreciable amount of non-volatile carboxyl group-containing material and volatile carboxylic acid which is generated as the anhydride reacts are both present in the reaction mixture at the same time.
Abstract:
2-pyrrolidone and N-substituted 2-pyrrolidones such as N-methyl 2-pyrrolidone and N-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone are prepared by the catalyzed reaction of methyl 4-oxobutyrate with ammonia or a primary amine and hydrogen.
Abstract:
Process for the preparation of .omega.-lactams (in particular caprolactam)ith improved yields, by reaction of cycloaliphatic derivatives having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein n=3-13 with nitrosating agents in the presence of dehydrating agents, characterized by the fact that the reaction is carried out a low temperature which is constant between stages, and in all the zones of a stage and with particular concentrations of the dehydrating agent.
Abstract:
2-pyrrolidones are prepared by hydrogenating a succinonitrile in the liquid phase in the presence of ammonia by passing an ammoniacal solution of a succinonitrile over a fixed bed catalyst, particularly of the trickle-phase type, in which the catalyst is nickel on an alkaline support such as calcium hydroxide or calcium carbonate. Attractive yields are achieved without the expense of filtering off and separating used catalyst as in prior procedures.
Abstract:
Five, six and seven member nitrogen-containing saturated heterocyclic compounds can be prepared by the catalytic hydrogenation/cyclization of beta, gamma and delta-cyanoesters. Applicants have discovered that this reaction is especially effective when it is conducted in the presence of catalysts comprising at least one of ruthenium and iron.
Abstract:
A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF E-CAPROLACTONE WHICH COMPRISES HEATING AT LEAST ONE AMIDE SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF E-HYDROXYCAPROAMIDE AND AMIDES OF LOW POLYMERIZATION PRODUCTS OF E-HYDROXYCAPROIC ACID, IN THE PRESENCE OF AN ALCOHOLIC COMPOUND CONTAINING AT LEAST ONE FREE ALCOHOLIC HYDROXYL GROUP IN ITS MOLECULE, IN AN AMOUNT SUCH THAT, WHEN ONE E-HYDROXYCAPROIC ACID UNIT OF THE FORMULA #O-(CH2)5CO$ CONTAINED IN THE AMIDE IS CALCULATED AS ONE MOLECULE OF E-HYDROXYCAPROIC ACID, THE TOTAL NUMBER OF FREE ALCOHOLIC HYDROXYL GROUPS PRESENT IN THE REACTION SYSTEM EXCEEDS THE TOTAL NUMBER OF CARBOXYL GROUPS PRESENT IN THE REACTION SYSTEM, UNDER SUCH TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE CONDITIONS TO ALLOW DISTILLATION OF E-CAPROLACTONE.
Abstract:
$-SUBSTITUTED-$-BUTYROLACTAMS ARE SYNTHESIZED AS NEW COMPOSITIONS OF MATTER. THESE COMPOUNDS ARE SYNTHESIZED BY REACTING A SUBSTUTED $-LACTONE WITH AMMONIA OR A PRIMARY AMINE AT A TEMPERATURE FROM ABOUT 200*C TO ABOUT 500*C. OVER CERTAIN ZEOLITE CATALYSTS. ADDITIONALLY, $-BUTYROLACTONE CAN BE REACTED WITH AMMONIA OVER ZEOLITE CATALYSTS IN THE ABOVE TEMPERATURE RANGE TO PRODUCE $-BUTYROLACTAM.
Abstract:
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF N-ALKYL SUBSTITUTED LACTAMS USEFUL AS SOLVENTS BY HEATING A CYANHYDRIN REPRESENTED BY THE FORMULA HO(CH2)NCN WHEREIN N IS AN INTEGER OF 3 TO 5 INCLUSIVE TOGETHER WITH AN ALCOHOL REPRESENTED BY THE FORMULA ROH WHEREIN R REPRESENTS AN AKYL GROUP HAVING 1 TO 4 CARBON ATOMS AT A TEMPERATURE OF 250*C. TO 400*C. UNDER PRESSURE. THE PRESENT PROCESS GIVES AN IMPROVED YIELD OF THE DESIRED PRODUCT AT A LOW COST AS COMPARED WITH THE PRIOR ART PROCESS. THE PROCESS CAN BE ADVANTAGEOUSLY MODIFIED. ONE MODIFICATION CONSISTS IN THE PROCESS OF A SPECIFIC CATALYST. ANOTHER MODIFICATION CONSISTS IN THE PROCESS IN WHICH AS LEAST A PART OF THE BY-PRODUCTS ARE RECYCLED IN THE REACTION SYSTEM. STILL ANOTHER MODIFICATION CONSISTS IN THE PROCESS IN WHICH THE REACTION IS CONDUCTED IN THE PRESENCE OF WATER, THE WATER BEING ADDED AT THE TIME OF INITIATION OF THE REACTION. SUCH MODIFICATIONS GIVE A FURTHER IMPROVED YIELD OF THE DESIRED PRODUCT.