Abstract:
Optical systems, and corresponding methods, for multiple reactions are provided. The optical systems are in a fixed position relative to a thermal assembly and include at least one array of excitation sources (e.g., light emitting diodes (LEDs)) configured to output excitation energy along an excitation optical path. In addition, a detector configured to receive emission energy along a detection optical path in the same plane as the excitation optical path is also provided.
Abstract:
An optical fiber connector apparatus may include a ferrule having a hollow through its center. The hollow is sized and shaped to receive an optical fiber such that an end of each of the optical fiber is located at an endface of the ferrule. The endface of the ferrule is partitioned into a first section and a second section. The first section is perpendicular to an axis of the ferrule and the second section is angled with respect to the first section. When the connector is assembled, the ferrule can butt couple to a similarly configured second ferrule such that the perpendicular second portions of the endfaces of the ferrules are physically touching. The angle of the angled portions sets a distance between portions of the endfaces corresponding to endfaces of optical fibers received in the ferrules thereby setting a gap between the fiber endfaces.
Abstract:
The present invention provides several variations for converting biomass, and other carbon-containing feedstocks, into syngas. Some variations include pyrolyzing or torrefying biomass in a devolatilization unit to form a gas stream and char, and gasifying the char. Other variations include introducing biomass into a fluid-bed gasifier to generate a solid stream and a gas stream, followed by a partial-oxidation or reforming reactor to generate additional syngas from either, or both, of the solid or gas stream from the fluid-bed gasifier. Hot syngas is preferably subjected to heat recovery. The syngas produced by the disclosed methods may be used in any desired manner, such as conversion to liquid fuels (e.g., ethanol).
Abstract:
A method of increasing the spatial uniformity of the detected intensity of a beam of light from a laser in a system including the laser and a light detector. In one embodiment the method includes the steps of generating a beam of light with the laser; and moving the beam of light and the light detector relative to each other, such that the detector averages the spatial intensity of the beam of light over time. In another embodiment the invention relates to a system for increasing the detected spatial uniformity of the intensity of a beam of light. In one embodiment the system comprises a light detector; a laser source for generating the beam of light; and a means for moving the beam of light and the detector relative to one another such that the detector averages the intensity of the light beam over time
Abstract:
In a spectroscopic process a sample for producing a test spectral line or spectrum of at least one component contained in the sample is stimulated and the transmitted and/or emitted electromagnetic rays are used to create the test spectral line or spectrum. In order to improve such a spectroscopic process to such an extent that variations of certain parameters, which alter the shape and/or occurrence of a spectral line, are compensated, a comparison spectral line or spectrum of a known comparison material is produced under substantially the same parameters as the sample. The comparison spectral line or spectrum is compared with an ideal comparison spectral line or spectrum in order to calculate a transfer function, and the transfer function is applied to the test spectral line or spectrum in order to calculate a corrected test spectral line or spectrum.
Abstract:
Methods and systems for defining and distributing information alerts include presenting a user with a series of templates that allows the user to define security events, information alerts to be triggered by the events, and intended recipients for the alerts. Intended recipients for the alerts are presented with templates that allow the individuals to input contact and schedule information for receiving the information alerts. A knowledge switch uses the event definitions and the contact and schedule information to detect events and distribute the information alerts to the intended recipients when an event occurs. The information alerts include directives that instruct intended recipients regarding action to be taken in response to a security event.
Abstract:
A light source for an atomizing device, specifically an atom absorption spectrometer comprising one, two, or more lamps, whose ray can be selected by means of at least one two-dimensionally moveable optical selection element, and which can be directed in the direction of atomizing device. Fine-tuning is thereby achieved quickly with little constructive expenditure and with low costs. A very high degree of accuracy is possible from the selector through a rotational and highly adjustable rotation spindle.
Abstract:
A printing device having a print carriage assembly that reduces a carriage excursion along a carriage scan axis and/or reduces a width of a printing flat zone along a media feed axis, is disclosed. The print carriage assembly has a frame that traverses across a media along a carriage scan axis. The media travels along a media feed axis that is substantially perpendicular to the carriage scan axis. A first print cartridge subassembly includes a first base secured to the frame and a plurality of first print elements secured to the first base. Each of the first print elements includes a first nozzle array for ejecting an ink composition. The plurality of first print elements are spaced apart along the carriage scan axis and are offset along the media feed axis. A second print cartridge subassembly includes a second base secured to the frame and a plurality of second print elements secured to the second base. Each of the second print elements have a second nozzle array for ejecting an ink composition. The plurality of second print elements are spaced apart along the carriage scan axis and are offset along the media feed axis. The print carriage assembly reduces a carriage excursion along a carriage scan axis and/or reduces a width of a printing flat zone along a media feed axis.
Abstract:
In a system for measuring variations in thickness of an optical etalon, a light source and a diffraction grating are mounted on a base structure with an axle. A lever arm is affixed to the axle, and a micrometer is held in contact with the lever arm. The grating directs a into an optical path a wavelength of radiation dependent on orientation of the grating. The etalon is supported in the optical path to effect a fringe pattern representing variations in thickness of in the etalon. The orientation is varied with the micrometer so as to vary the wavelength to the etalon and thereby positioning of the fringe pattern across the etalon which is viewed through a microscope. The micrometer measures the variation of orientation and thereby variation in thickness across the interference element.
Abstract:
A process and system for applying coating materials to glass edges of various profiles. The glass edge is coated by picking up the coating material from an applicator such as, for example, a roller, through precise independent or relative control of the spatial relationship between the edge of the glass article and the applicator to achieve desirable product attributes such as coating thickness, profile, coverage areas and consistency. Such spatial relationships include the gap distance between the roller and applicator, coating thickness on the applicator, applicator and/or glass speed, and the like.