Direct hydroformylation of a multi-component synthesis gas containing
carbon monoxide, hydrogen, ethylene, and acetylene
    18.
    发明授权
    Direct hydroformylation of a multi-component synthesis gas containing carbon monoxide, hydrogen, ethylene, and acetylene 失效
    含有一氧化碳,氢气,乙烯和乙炔的多组分合成气的直接加氢甲酰化

    公开(公告)号:US5675041A

    公开(公告)日:1997-10-07

    申请号:US573052

    申请日:1995-12-15

    IPC分类号: C07C45/50

    CPC分类号: C07C45/50 Y02P20/582

    摘要: The invention is a process for production of C.sub.3 to C.sub.6 aldehydes by hydroformylating a mixture containing: (a) C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 olefins and mixtures thereof, and (b) (i) C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 alkynes and mixtures thereof or (ii) C.sub.3 to C.sub.5 cumulated dienes and mixtures thereof or (iii) mixtures of (i) and (ii), with CO, H.sub.2 and a solution of a rhodium complex catalyst produced by complexing Rh and an organophosphorus compound at a concentration of Rh in solution from 1 to 1000 ppm by weight. Alternatively, the solution of rhodium complex catalyst can have a P/Rh atom ratio of at least 30. Alternatively, the solution of rhodium complex catalyst can have a P/Rh atom ratio greater than the value R.sub.L defined by the formula: ##EQU1## in which R.sub.B is the P/Rh ratio sufficient for a catalytically active Rh complex, pKa.sub.TPP is the pKa value for triphenylphosphine, pKa.sub.L is the pKa value for the triorganophosphorus compound, R is the gas constant, and .DELTA.S.sub.B is 35(N-1) cal/mole/.degree.K., N is the number of P-Rh attachments per ligand molecule. The process has utility for the hydroformylation of streams that contain olefins and alkynes.

    摘要翻译: 本发明是通过加氢甲酰化含有:(a)C 2〜C 5烯烃及其混合物的混合物,和(b)(ⅰ)C2〜C5炔烃及其混合物或(ⅱ)C3〜C5 累积的二烯及其混合物,或(iii)(ⅰ)和(ⅱ)的混合物与CO,H 2和铑络合物催化剂的溶液形成,所述铑配合物催化剂是通过使Rh和溶液中Rh浓度为1〜1000的有机磷化合物 重量ppm。 或者,铑络合物催化剂的溶液的P / Rh原子比可以至少为30.另外,铑络合物催化剂的溶液可以具有大于由下式定义的值RL的P / Rh原子比: 其中RB是催化活性Rh配合物的P / Rh比,pKaTPP是三苯基膦的pKa值,pKaL是三有机磷化合物的pKa值,R是气体常数,DELTA SB是35(N-1 )cal / mole / DEGK,N是每个配体分子的P-Rh附着物的数目。 该方法可用于含有烯烃和炔烃的物流的加氢甲酰化。

    Method and apparatus for utilizing an electro-optic detector in a
microtomography system
    20.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for utilizing an electro-optic detector in a microtomography system 失效
    在微影像系统中利用电光检测器的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号:US4891829A

    公开(公告)日:1990-01-02

    申请号:US932273

    申请日:1986-11-19

    摘要: The present invention is an apparatus and a method for producing tomographic images of an object irradiated by a beam of collimated radiation transmitted in a plurality of rays through a set of coplanar sections of an object as viewed from a plurality of angles about a rotation axis. The apparatus includes an imaging electro-optic detector to record the transmitted radiation, wherein the electro-optic detector alters the image format, the format alteration being focused; means to determine and align the projected position of the rotation axis on the electro-optic detector; means to align the object with respect to the rotation axis; means to determine and assure spatial uniformity of detector response; means to reduce signal dependent backgrounds; means to determine the projection coefficients from the transmitted radiation with respect to one or more reference calibration exposures; and means to compute a reconstructed image of the object's attenuation coefficients.

    摘要翻译: 本发明是一种用于生成由多个射线透过的准直辐射束照射的物体的断层图像的装置和方法,该多个光束通过从旋转轴的多个角度观察的物体的一组共面部分。 该装置包括用于记录透射辐射的成像电光检测器,其中电光检测器改变图像格式,正在聚焦的格式变化; 用于确定和对准电光检测器上的旋转轴的投影位置的装置; 用于使物体相对于旋转轴线对齐的装置; 意味着确定并确保检测器响应的空间均匀性; 减少信号依赖背景的手段; 用于相对于一个或多个参考校准曝光来确定来自所发射的辐射的投影系数的装置; 以及用于计算对象的衰减系数的重建图像的装置。