摘要:
The present invention relates to a particle-optical component comprising a first multi-aperture plate, and a second multi-aperture plate forming a gap between them; wherein a plurality of apertures of the first multi-aperture plate is arranged such that each aperture of the plurality of apertures of the first multi-aperture plate is aligned with a corresponding aperture of a plurality of apertures of the second multi-aperture plate; and wherein the gap has a first width at a first location and a second width at a second location and wherein the second width is by at least 5% greater than the first width. In addition, the present invention pertains to charged particle systems and arrangements comprising such components and methods of manufacturing multi aperture plates having a curved surface.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for reading document entries and addresses. In this context, automatic reading is effected using the intermediate steps of layout analysis, classification of the segmented regions and interpretation of the results in a reader, and if necessary video coding. According to the invention, during the reading mode, when information has been clearly read automatically, the image data and the associated reading results and intermediate results, and/or, when information has been clearly ascertained using video coding, the image data and the reading results and intermediate results clearly ascertained in a second automatic reading process including the video coding results are stored for a current random sample. This current random sample is used to readapt the automatic reader.
摘要:
Process and apparatus for the continuous preparation of polymers Two reaction partners (starting materials) are stored in separate reservoirs 2, 3, 4 and 5 and are transported using overpressure via heated heat exchangers 11, 12 into a micromixer 18 by means of control and metering devices 6, 7, which can be metering pumps. In the heat exchangers 11, 12, the starting materials are heated, separately in each case, to the extent that during the mixing operation in the micromixer 18 the required reaction temperature is immediately reached. The polymerization takes place in a downstream tube reactor 20 which consists of tubes 21, 22, 23 which are connected in series.
摘要:
A low-play planetary gear mechanism for high rotational speeds and low torque transmission and having roller bearings for the parts which rotate within the gear mechanism. The gear mechanism is designed for a long, maintenance-free service life in continuous operation at high drive speeds. To accomplish this, the running surfaces of at least some of the gears are coated with a coating that has a higher wear resistance and a lower coefficient of friction than the respectively associated base material. As such, all of the surfaces of the gear mechanism which come into contact with one another are able to run for long periods at the end of assembly of the gear mechanism. With this gear mechanism, there is no circulating lubricating oil originating from a lubricating-oil collection chamber and which flows freely around any of the moving parts of the gear mechanism.
摘要:
A calibration standard comprises a supporting structure (1) of single crystal material with at least one pair of different kinds of structures consisting of a raised line (2) and a trench (3). These structures have the identical width in the range of about 500 nm. The single crystal material preferably is silicon with (110)-orientation. A method of producing the calibration standard comprises the steps: providing two polished wafers of the same single crystal material and with the same crystal orientation, forming an oxide layer on the polished surface of the first wafer, bonding the second wafer to the first oxidized wafer with the polished surfaces of the wafers facing each other, cutting the bonded structure transverse to the polished surfaces, selectively etching both the wafers to a defined depth to expose a portion of the oxide layer, masking the portions of the oxide layer now representing the raised line (2) and selectively etching the oxide layer in the unmasked areas to a defined depth to form the trench (3). The calibration standard overcomes the problem of measuring the diameter of an ultrafine tip for AFM/STM profilometry in the sub-nanometer range.
摘要:
An ultrafine tip for AFM and STM profilometry of trenches having sidewalls. The tip includes a lateral circumferential edge protrusion to allow profilometry of the sidewalls of a trench located in a semiconductor or insulator substrate.
摘要:
A process for the continuous conversion of cephalosporin derivatives into glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid derivativesA process for the continuous conversion of cephalosporin derivatives into the corresponding glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid derivatives in the presence of a catalyst containing D-amino-acid oxidase is described. The product yield can be increased, where appropriate, by addition of hydrogen peroxide.
摘要:
A method and apparatus is described for a micromechanical sensor for the AFM/STM profilometry, which consist of a cantilever beam with a tip at its end and a mounting block at the opposite end. The method incorporated the steps of coating a wafer substrate; producing a mask for the desired cantilever beam pattern on the top side of the wafer; and a mask on the bottom side of the wafer; planarizing said cantilever beam pattern with photoresist; producing a mask for the desired tip in the area of the cantilever beam pattern producing the desired tip using an etching step, and simultaneously transferring the cantilever beam pattern from the upper to the lower part of the layer; and removing the supporting wafer material by etching through the bottom side mask. A mask for the desired cantilever beam pattern and the tip pattern contains all relevant information for a subsequent substrate etching process is described for etching step by step into a silicon substrate.
摘要:
The apparatus comprises a plasma deposition chamber having a port through which a fluoro compound etch gas is introduced into the chamber and a port through which the chamber is evacuated, refractory metal cathode configuration within the chamber, an anode within the chamber, and energy impression means for ionizing the etch gas in the chamber, whereby the etch gas reacts with the refractory metal cathode configuration to convert the metal to gaseous refractory metal fluorides which decompose to form a deposited layer on a semiconductor substrate positioned on the anode.
摘要:
The present invention describes a novel transgenic mouse model for the common sporadic form of Alzheimer's disease. More particularly, the invention relates to a nucleotide sequence encoding Aβ 4-42 in functional linkage with at least a promoter, signal peptide sequence and a polyadenylation signal sequence, a cell and a transgenic non-human animal comprising said nucleotide sequence, and their respective use in screening methods.