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    Method of separating ionic fluids with a flow through capacitor
    11.
    发明授权
    Method of separating ionic fluids with a flow through capacitor 失效
    用流过电容器分离离子流体的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5547581A

    公开(公告)日：1996-08-20

    申请号：US439310

    申请日：1995-05-11

    Applicant: Marc D. Andelman

    Inventor： Marc D. Andelman

    IPC: B01D15/08 ,  B01D15/00 ,  B01J47/08 ,  C02F1/00 ,  C02F1/46 ,  C02F1/469 ,  G01N30/02 ,  G01N30/38 ,  G01N30/50 ,  G01N30/60 ,  G01N30/80 ,  G01N30/96

    CPC classification number: G01N30/6069 ,  B01D15/36 ,  B01D15/3885 ,  B01J47/08 ,  C02F1/4691 ,  G01N30/50 ,  G01N30/96 ,  C02F2301/024 ,  G01N2030/027 ,  G01N2030/965 ,  G01N30/02 ,  G01N30/38 ,  G01N30/60 ,  G01N30/6043 ,  G01N30/6091 ,  G01N30/6095 ,  G01N30/80

    Abstract: A flow-through capacitor and a controlled charge chromatography column system using the capacitor for the purification of a fluid-containing material, which column comprises an inlet for a fluid to be purified and an outlet for the discharge of the purified fluid, and a flow-through capacitor disposed within the column. The flow-through capacitor comprises a plurality of spirally-wound, stacked washer or rods to include a first electrically conductive backing layer, such as of graphite, and a first high surface area conductive layer secured to one side of the backing layer, such as carbon fibers, and a second high surface area conductive layer secured to the opposite side of the backing layer, the high surface area material layers arranged to face each other and separated by a nonconductive, ion-permeable spacer layer to insulate electrically the backing and conductive layer. The system includes a DC power source to charge the respective conductive layers with different polarities whereby a fluid-containing material passing through the column is purified by the electrically conductive, high surface area stationary phase and the retention thereof onto the high surface area layer and permitting, for example, the purification of aqueous solutions of liquids, such as salt, and providing for the recovery of a purified liquid.

    Abstract translation: 一种流通电容器和使用电容器的受控电荷色谱柱系统，用于净化含流体的材料，该柱包括用于待净化的流体的入口和用于排出纯化流体的出口， 通过电容器设置在该列内。 流通电容器包括多个螺旋卷绕的层叠的垫圈或杆，以包括第一导电背衬层，例如石墨，以及固定到背衬层的一侧的第一高表面积导电层，例如 碳纤维和固定到背衬层的相对侧的第二高表面积导电层，高表面积材料层布置为彼此面对并由不导电的离子可渗透间隔层隔开，以使背衬和导电 层。 该系统包括一个直流电源，用于以不同的极性对相应的导电层进行充电，由此通过该柱的含流体的材料被导电的高表面积固定相净化，并将其保留在高表面积层上并允许 例如，纯化诸如盐的液体的水溶液，并提供回收纯化液体。

    Polarized electrode for flow-through capacitive deionization
    12.
    发明授权
    Polarized electrode for flow-through capacitive deionization 有权

    公开(公告)号：US10294131B2

    公开(公告)日：2019-05-21

    申请号：US14006858

    申请日：2012-03-23

    Applicant: Marc D. Andelman

    Inventor： Marc D. Andelman

    IPC: C02F1/469 ,  H01G11/24 ,  H01G11/32 ,  H01G11/36 ,  H01G11/30 ,  H01G11/56 ,  C02F103/08

    Abstract: The polarized electrode flow through capacitor comprises at least one each electrode material, with a pore volume that includes meso and micropores, with contained anionic or cationic groups. The polarized electrodes are in opposite polarity facing pairs, separated by a flow path or flow spacer. Both polarities of the particular attached ionic groups used are ionized at the working pH or composition of the particular feed solution supplied to inlet of the flow through capacitor. The contained groups cause the electrodes to be polarized so that they are selective to anions or cations. The polarized electrode flow through capacitor has better performance compared to identical flow through capacitors made from non-derivitized carbon. The capacitor electrode materials so derivitized provide this polarization function directly without need for a separate charge barrier material.

    Polarized Electrode for Flow-through Capacitive Deionization
    13.
    发明申请
    Polarized Electrode for Flow-through Capacitive Deionization 审中-公开
    极化电极用于流通电容去离子

    公开(公告)号：US20140346046A1

    公开(公告)日：2014-11-27

    申请号：US14006858

    申请日：2012-03-23

    Applicant: Marc D. Andelman

    Inventor： Marc D. Andelman

    IPC: C02F1/469

    CPC classification number: C02F1/4691 ,  C02F2103/08 ,  C02F2201/46 ,  H01G11/30 ,  H01G11/56 ,  Y02E60/13

    Abstract: The polarized electrode flow through capacitor comprises at least one each electrode material, with a pore volume that includes meso and micropores, with contained anionic or cationic groups. The polarized electrodes are in opposite polarity facing pairs, separated by a flow path or flow spacer. Both polarities of the particular attached ionic groups used are ionized at the working pH or composition of the particular feed solution supplied to inlet of the flow through capacitor. The contained groups cause the electrodes to be polarized so that they are selective to anions or cations. The polarized electrode flow through capacitor has better performance compared to identical flow through capacitors made from non-derivitized carbon. The capacitor electrode materials so derivitized provide this polarization function directly without need for a separate charge barrier material.

    Abstract translation: 流过电容器的极化电极包括至少一种每种电极材料，孔体积包括中和微孔，含有阴离子或阳离子基团。 极化电极处于相反极性的对，由流动路径或流动隔离物隔开。 使用的特定连接的离子基团的两个极性在供应到流过电容器的入口的特定进料溶液的工作pH或组成下离子化。 所含的组导致电极被极化，使得它们对阴离子或阳离子是选择性的。 与通过非衍生碳制成的电容器的相同流动相比，通过电容器的极化电极具有更好的性能。 这样衍生的电容器电极材料直接提供了这种极化功能，而不需要单独的电荷阻挡材料。

    Fringe-field capacitor electrode for electrochemical device
    15.
    发明授权
    Fringe-field capacitor electrode for electrochemical device 失效
    用于电化学装置的边缘电容器电极

    公开(公告)号：US06781817B2

    公开(公告)日：2004-08-24

    申请号：US10398698

    申请日：2003-04-02

    Applicant: Marc D. Andelman

    Inventor： Marc D. Andelman

    IPC: H01G900

    CPC classification number: C02F1/4691 ,  C02F2001/46152 ,  H01G11/24 ,  H01G11/26 ,  H01G11/36 ,  H01G11/38 ,  H01G11/42 ,  H01M4/583 ,  H01M4/8605 ,  H01M4/925 ,  H01M4/96 ,  H01M8/00 ,  Y02E60/13

    Abstract: The invention features an electrochemical device which includes at least two capacitor electrodes 16, each of which includes a conductive material characterized in that at least ten percent (10%) of the overall surface area of the conductive material is an edge plane. In contrast to a basal plane, the electric field along an edge plane is distorted so as to exhibit an ‘edge effect or ‘fringe effect. Capacitor electrodes 16 with many edges, points, corners, or fractal surfaces exhibit greater capacitance per unit volume or mass amount of capacitor electrode material, than do materials in which the surface area of the material is predominately basal plane. An electrochemical device of the invention can be, for example, an electrochemical cell, e.g., a battery, a capacitor, or a flow-through capacitor.

    Abstract translation: 本发明的特征在于电化学装置，其包括至少两个电容器电极16，每个电容器电极16包括导电材料，其特征在于，导电材料的整个表面积的至少百分之十（10％）是边缘平面。 与基面相反，沿着边缘平面的电场变形，从而呈现“边缘效应”或“边缘效应”。 具有许多边缘，点，角或分形表面的电容器电极16比材料的表面积主要是基本平面的材料表现出更大的电容/单位体积或电容器电极材料的质量。 本发明的电化学装置可以是例如电化学电池，例如电池，电容器或流通电容器。

    Flow-through capacitor and method
    16.
    发明授权
    Flow-through capacitor and method 失效
    流通电容器和方法

    公开(公告)号：US06778378B1

    公开(公告)日：2004-08-17

    申请号：US10048632

    申请日：2002-01-30

    Applicant: Marc D. Andelman

    Inventor： Marc D. Andelman

    IPC: H01G435

    CPC classification number: C02F1/46109 ,  C02F1/4691 ,  C02F2001/46161

    Abstract: A flow-through capacitor and method for the purification of fluids, like soft water. The capacitor includes anode-cathode electrodes (3) composed of a low surface area electrode material having a surface area between 10 to 1000 square meter per gram BET (Brunauer Emmett Teller method) to form one or more cells.

    Abstract translation: 流通电容器和用于净化流体的方法，如软水。 该电容器包括阳极阴极电极（3），其由具有10至1000平方米/克BET（Brunauer Emmett Teller方法）的表面积的低表面积电极材料组成，以形成一个或多个电池。

    Flow-through capacitor
    18.
    发明授权
    Flow-through capacitor 失效
    流通电容器

    公开(公告)号：US5415768A

    公开(公告)日：1995-05-16

    申请号：US194609

    申请日：1994-02-10

    Applicant: Marc D. Andelman

    Inventor： Marc D. Andelman

    IPC: B01D15/08 ,  B01D15/00 ,  B01J47/08 ,  C02F1/00 ,  C02F1/46 ,  C02F1/469 ,  G01N30/02 ,  G01N30/38 ,  G01N30/50 ,  G01N30/60 ,  G01N30/80 ,  G01N30/96

    CPC classification number: G01N30/6069 ,  B01D15/36 ,  B01D15/3885 ,  B01J47/08 ,  C02F1/4691 ,  G01N30/50 ,  G01N30/96 ,  C02F2301/024 ,  G01N2030/027 ,  G01N2030/965 ,  G01N30/02 ,  G01N30/38 ,  G01N30/60 ,  G01N30/6043 ,  G01N30/6091 ,  G01N30/6095 ,  G01N30/80

    Abstract: A flow-through capacitor and a controlled charge chromatography column system using the capacitor for the purification of a fluid-containing material, which column comprises an inlet for a fluid to be purified and an outlet for the discharge of the purified fluid, and a flow-through capacitor disposed within the column. The flow-through capacitor comprises a plurality of spirally-wound, stacked washer or rods to include a first electrically conductive backing layer, such as of graphite, and a first high surface area conductive layer secured to one side of the backing layer, such as carbon fibers, and a second high surface area conductive layer secured to the opposite side of the backing layer, the high surface area material layers arranged to face each other and separated by a nonconductive, ion-permeable spacer layer to insulate electrically the backing and conductive layer. The system includes a DC power source to charge the respective conductive layers with different polarities whereby a fluid-containing material passing through the column is purified by the electrically conductive, high surface area stationary phase and the retention thereof onto the high surface area layer and permitting, for example, the purification of aqueous solutions of liquids, such as salt, and providing for the recovery of a purified liquid.

    Abstract translation: 一种流通电容器和使用电容器的受控电荷色谱柱系统，用于净化含流体的材料，该柱包括用于待净化的流体的入口和用于排出纯化流体的出口， 通过电容器设置在该列内。 流通电容器包括多个螺旋卷绕的层叠的垫圈或杆，以包括第一导电背衬层，例如石墨，以及固定到背衬层的一侧的第一高表面积导电层，例如 碳纤维和固定到背衬层的相对侧的第二高表面积导电层，高表面积材料层布置为彼此面对并由不导电的离子可渗透间隔层隔开，以使背衬和导电 层。 该系统包括一个直流电源，用于以不同的极性对相应的导电层进行充电，由此通过该柱的含流体的材料被导电的高表面积固定相净化，并将其保留在高表面积层上并允许 例如，纯化诸如盐的液体的水溶液，并提供回收纯化液体。

    Electrode array for use in electrochemical cells
    20.
    发明授权
    Electrode array for use in electrochemical cells 失效
    用于电化学电池的电极阵列

    公开(公告)号：US07368191B2

    公开(公告)日：2008-05-06

    申请号：US10484981

    申请日：2002-07-23

    Applicant: Marc D. Andelman ,  Jon Zulkiewicz

    Inventor： Marc D. Andelman ,  Jon Zulkiewicz

    IPC: H01M8/00 ,  H01M8/04 ,  H01M10/44 ,  H01M2/00 ,  H01M4/00

    CPC classification number: H01G9/155 ,  C02F1/46109 ,  C02F1/4691 ,  C02F2001/46133 ,  C02F2001/46152 ,  C02F2201/46195 ,  H01M6/10 ,  H01M6/40 ,  H01M10/0431 ,  H01M10/0436 ,  H01M10/052 ,  H01M10/058 ,  H01M10/0585 ,  H01M10/0587 ,  Y02E60/13

    Abstract: The invention features an electrode array (7) in which pairs of electrodes (1) are geometrically arranged so that the broadest faces of the exposed electrodes are not directly opposing to each other. Rather, the broadest facing surfaces of the electrodes in the array are parallel, adjacent, or offset at an angle. The electrode geometry of an electrode array of the invention permits electrodes to be in close proximity, thereby lowering series resistance, while minimizing the possibility for short circuits that can cause electrical leakage. An electrode array of the invention can be used in an electrochemical cell, such as a battery, e.g., a lithium battery, a capacitor, a flow-through capacitor, or a fuel cell.

    Abstract translation: 本发明的特征在于电极阵列（7），其中电极对（1）几何地布置，使得暴露电极的最宽面不彼此直接相对。 相反，阵列中电极的最宽的面对表面是平行的，相邻的或以一定角度偏移的。 本发明的电极阵列的电极几何形状允许电极靠近，从而降低串联电阻，同时最小化可能导致漏电的短路的可能性。 本发明的电极阵列可用于电化学电池，例如电池，例如锂电池，电容器，流通电容器或燃料电池。

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