Abstract:
An integrated process for the partial oxidation of whole crude oil mixed with a low cost finely divided solid ash-producing material in a membrane wall gasification reactor produces a syngas and, optionally, a more hydrogen-rich product stream by subjecting the syngas to a water-gas shift reaction. Process steam and electricity are produced by recovering the sensible heat values from the hot syngas.
Abstract:
Aromatic extraction and hydrocracking processes are integrated to optimize the hydrocracking units design and/or performance. By processing aromatics-rich and aromatic-lean fractions separately, the hydrocracking operating severity and or catalyst reactor volume requirement decreases.
Abstract:
An oxidative treatment process, e.g., oxidative desulfurization or denitrification, is provided in which the oxidant is produced in-situ using an aromatic-rich portion of the original liquid hydrocarbon feedstock. The process reduces or replaces the need for the separate introduction of liquid oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide, organic peroxide and organic hydroperoxide in an oxidative treatment process.
Abstract:
A cost-effective solution is provided for eliminating refinery process waste, including spent catalytic and non-catalytic adsorbent materials, as well as adsorbate process reject materials derived from desorption, while minimizing conventional waste handling demands. An asphalt composition includes asphalt and spent adsorbent material from a solvent deasphalting unit. The asphalt can comprise asphaltic material obtained from a solvent deasphalting unit, and spent adsorbent material in the asphalt composition was previously utilized in the solvent deasphalting unit. The asphalt composition can also include process reject materials.
Abstract:
A cost-effective solution for the disposal of heavy residue bottoms recovered from a slurry hydrocracking process that include solid heterogeneous catalyst particles is provided by their introduction into a membrane wall gasification reactor in the form of a flowable slurry to produce a synthesis gas and, optionally, subjecting the synthesis gas to a water-gas shift reaction to produce a more hydrogen-rich product stream. Process steam and electricity are produced by recovering the sensible heat values from the hot synthesis gas.
Abstract:
Aromatic extraction and hydrocracking processes are integrated to optimize the hydrocracking units design and/or performance. By processing aromatic-rich and aromatic-lean fractions separately, the hydrocracking operating severity and or catalyst reactor volume requirement decreases.
Abstract:
An improved delayed coking process utilizing a coking unit and a coking unit product fractionating column which includes the steps of: heating a mixture of a fresh whole crude oil feedstream and the bottoms from the coking unit product fractionator in a furnace to a coking temperature in the range of 480° C. to 530° C./896° F. to 986° F.; introducing the heated mixed whole crude oil and bottoms feedstream directly into the delayed coking unit; optionally passing the vaporized liquid and gaseous coking unit product stream into a flash unit; recovering a light product gas stream that includes H2S, NH3 and C1 to C4 hydrocarbons from the flash unit; transferring the bottoms from the flash unit to the coking unit product fractionating column; recovering as separate side streams from the fractionating column naphtha, light gas oil and heavy gas oil; recycling a portion of the heavy gas oil by introducing it into the fractionating column optionally with the bottoms from the flash unit; mixing the fractionating column bottoms with the whole crude oil feedstream to form the mixed feedstream; and introducing the mixed whole crude oil and fractionating column bottoms feedstream into the furnace.
Abstract:
A hydrocracking process is provided for treating a first heavy hydrocarbon feedstream and a second heavy hydrocarbon feedstream, in which the first heavy hydrocarbon feedstream contains undesired nitrogen-containing compounds, sulfur-containing compounds and poly-nuclear aromatic compounds. The process includes contacting the first heavy hydrocarbon feedstream with adsorbent material to produce an adsorbent-treated heavy hydrocarbon stream having a reduced content of nitrogen-containing, sulfur-containing compounds and poly-nuclear aromatic compounds. The second heavy hydrocarbon feedstream is combined with the adsorbent-treated heavy hydrocarbon stream. The combined stream is charged to a hydrocracking reaction unit. The hydrocracked effluent is fractioned to recover hydrocracked products and a bottoms stream containing heavy poly-nuclear aromatic compounds. Fractionator bottoms are contacted with adsorbent material (which can be the same or different than the adsorbent material used to treat the initial feed) to produce an adsorbent-treated fractionator bottoms stream having a reduced content of heavy poly-nuclear aromatic compounds, and are recycled to the hydrocracking reaction unit.
Abstract:
Deep desulfurization of hydrocarbon feeds containing undesired organosulfur compounds to produce a hydrocarbon product having low levels of sulfur, i.e., 15 ppmw or less of sulfur, is achieved by flashing the feed at a target cut point temperature to obtain two fractions. A first fraction contains refractory organosulfur compounds, which boil at or above the target cut point temperature. A second fraction boiling below the target cut point temperature is substantially free of refractory sulfur-containing compounds. The second fraction is contacted with a hydrodesulfurization catalyst in a hydrodesulfurization reaction zone operating under mild conditions to reduce the quantity of organosulfur compounds to an ultra-low level. The first fraction is contacted with an oxidizing agent and an active metal catalyst in an oxidation reaction zone to convert the refractory organosulfur compounds to oxidized organosulfur compounds. The oxidized organosulfur compounds are removed, producing a stream containing an ultra-low level of organosulfur compounds. The two streams can be combined to obtain a full range hydrocarbon product having an ultra-low level of organosulfur compounds.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for hydrocracking an oil feedstock to produce a light oil stream without build-up of heavy polynuclear aromatic (HPNA) hydrocarbons in the recycle stream is provided. The method includes the steps of (1) hydrocracking the oil feedstock with a hydrotreating catalyst in a first reactor to produce an effluent stream; (2) fractionating the effluent stream into first, second and third product streams, wherein the first product stream includes C1-C4, naphtha and diesel boiling in the range of 36-370° C., the second product stream includes hydrocarbon components with an initial nominal boiling point of 370° C. and a final boiling point ranging from 420-480° C., and the third product stream that includes HPNA hydrocarbons and other hydrocarbons boiling above about 420° C. to about 480° C., depending upon the final boiling point of the second product stream; (3) cracking the second product stream in a second reactor; and (4) cracking the third product stream in a third reactor at a higher operational pressure than the second reactor.