摘要:
A tower furnace for the heat treatment of metal strips comprises a muffle (3) extending over the entire furnace height, through which muffle passes the strip (6). At the top of the muffle (3) an insulated stopper (1) with an electric heater (2) has been inserted into the muffle (3). Below this stopper (1) a gas-heated preheating space (4) is provided in the muffle (3).
摘要:
The invention relates to a heat exchanger (1) for an annealing furnace for exchanging heat between two fluids, comprising a tubular profile which comprises heat exchanger fins on its outside jacket and which is associated on at least one face side (3) with a connecting flange (4) with at least one flow opening (8) for one of the two fluids, especially a hot gas. In order to provide advantageous constructional conditions it is proposed that the profile is a profile tube made of a folded sheet whose heat exchanger fins (7) aligned in the longitudinal direction of the profile are formed by the corrugated profile, especially the corrugated flanks, of the folded sheet.
摘要:
An apparatus is described for guiding a metal band (1) on a gas cushion with blowing boxes (4) which are disposed one after the other in the longitudinal direction (3) of the band and whose nozzle fields (5) which extend transversally to the longitudinal direction (3) of the band comprise hole-type nozzles (6) distributed over the field surface area and slotted nozzles (8) along the edges (7) which extend transversally to longitudinal direction (3) of the band. In order to provide advantageous constructional conditions it is proposed that the slotted nozzles (8) along the edges (7) consist of several nozzle slots (9) which are arranged one after the other parallel to the edge and are inclined inwardly with respect to the edge (7) starting from the respective center (10) of the edge.
摘要:
A method for controlling the start-up phase of a motor vehicle driven by an internal combustion engine (12) wherein the internal combustion engines (12) is started by an electrical machine (16) that can be operated as a motor, a preferably automatically atuatable clutch (50) being located in the drive train (11) between the internal combustion engine (12) and the electrical machine (16). A faster start-up response can be achieved if the internal combustion engine (12) is driven by the electrical machine (16) when the clutch (50) is engaged during start-up, and if the clutch capacitance (MK) is reduced according to a defined parameter, preferably the engine speed, the time or the torque (ME) of the electrical machine (16) or similar.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for controlling the start-up phase of a motor vehicle driven by an internal combustion engine (12). The internal combustion engine (12) is started by an electrical machine (16) that can be operated as a motor, and there is a preferably automatically actuatable clutch (50) in the drive train (11) between the internal combustion engine (12) and the electrical machine (16). A faster start-up response can be achieved if the internal combustion engine (12) is driven by the electrical machine (16) when the clutch (50) is engaged during start-up, and if the clutch capacitance (MK) is reduced according to a defined parameter, preferably the engine speed, the time or the torque (ME) of the electrical machine (16) or similar.
摘要:
An apparatus is described for cooling a metal strip (1), comprising at least two nozzle fields which are disposed opposite of each other with respect to the metal strip (1) conveyed continuously in its longitudinal direction and which comprise nozzles facing towards the respective strip surface and being attached to blowing boxes (3) for a cooling gas, and flow conduits (5) provided between the nozzles for discharging the cooling gas flows from the nozzles which are deflected on the surface of the strip. In order to provide advantageous cooling conditions it is proposed that the nozzles are combined in groups in nozzle strips (4) which are disposed next to one another in parallel with lateral distance and which consist of gas conduits (6) connected with the blowing boxes (3) and comprising nozzle openings (7) facing the respective strip surface and being distributed over the length of the nozzle strips (4), and that the flow conduits (5) for discharging the cooling gas flows are provided between the nozzle strips (4) extending transversally to the blowing boxes (3).
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for operating a hybrid vehicle with a drive train which comprises an internal combustion engine driven by diesel fuel and at least one electric driving machine. In order to reduce the nitrogen oxide and exhaust particulate emissions it is provided that the internal combustion engine is operated with an alternative diesel combustion method in at least one operating range of the vehicle and the electric driving machine is switched in.
摘要:
A method for operating a hybrid drive in a vehicle with an internal combustion engine and at least one electric machine connected thereto which is in connection with at least one energy storage device including operating the internal combustion engine is operated in overload mode in at least one preferably exceptional operating situation of the hybrid drive in order to avoid power losses at low loading state of the energy storage device.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for controlling the start-up phase of a motor vehicle driven by an internal combustion engine (12). The internal combustion engine (12) is started by an electrical machine (16) that can be operated as a motor, and there is a preferably automatically actuatable clutch (50) in the drive train (11) between the internal combustion engine (12) and the electrical machine (16). A faster start-up response can be achieved if the internal combustion engine (12) is driven by the electrical machine (16) when the clutch (50) is engaged during start-up, and if the clutch capacitance (MK) is reduced according to a defined parameter, preferably the engine speed, the time or the torque (ME) of the electrical machine (16) or similar.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for controlling the start-up phase of a motor vehicle driven by an internal combustion engine (12). The internal combustion engine (12) is started by an electrical machine (16) that can be operated as a motor, and there is a preferably automatically actuatable clutch (50) in the drive train (11) between the internal combustion engine (12) and the electrical machine (16). A faster start-up response can be achieved if the internal combustion engine (12) is driven by the electrical machine (16) when the clutch (50) is engaged during start-up, and if the clutch capacitance (MK) is reduced according to a defined parameter, preferably the engine speed, the time or the torque (ME) of the electrical machine (16) or similar.
摘要翻译:本发明涉及一种用于控制由内燃机(12)驱动的机动车辆的起动阶段的方法。 内燃机(12)由能够作为电动机操作的电机(16)启动,并且在内燃机(12)之间的传动系(11)中存在优选地可自动致动的离合器(50) 和电机(16)。 如果在起动期间当离合器(50)接合时内燃机(12)由电机(16)驱动,并且如果离合器电容(M SUB) 根据电机(16)等的规定参数,优选发动机速度,时间或扭矩(M E E)来减小。