摘要:
A method for operating a hybrid drive in a vehicle with an internal combustion engine and at least one electric machine connected thereto which is in connection with at least one energy storage device including operating the internal combustion engine is operated in overload mode in at least one preferably exceptional operating situation of the hybrid drive in order to avoid power losses at low loading state of the energy storage device.
摘要:
A method for operating a hybrid drive in a vehicle with an internal combustion engine and at least one electric machine connected thereto which is in connection with at least one energy storage device including operating the internal combustion engine is operated in overload mode in at least one preferably exceptional operating situation of the hybrid drive in order to avoid power losses at low loading state of the energy storage device.
摘要:
A method for operating a hybrid drive in a vehicle with an internal combustion engine and at least one electric machine connected thereto which is in connection with at least one energy storage device including operating the internal combustion engine is operated in overload mode in at least one preferably exceptional operating situation of the hybrid drive in order to avoid power losses at low loading state of the energy storage device.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for operating a hybrid vehicle with a drive train which comprises an internal combustion engine driven by diesel fuel and at least one electric driving machine. In order to reduce the nitrogen oxide and exhaust particulate emissions it is provided that the internal combustion engine is operated with an alternative diesel combustion method in at least one operating range of the vehicle and the electric driving machine is switched in.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for operating a hybrid vehicle with a drive train which comprises an internal combustion engine driven by diesel fuel and at least one electric driving machine. In order to reduce the nitrogen oxide and exhaust particulate emissions it is provided that the internal combustion engine is operated with an alternative diesel combustion method in at least one operating range of the vehicle and the electric driving machine is switched in.
摘要:
The invention relates to a heat exchanger (1) for an annealing furnace for exchanging heat between two fluids, comprising a tubular profile which comprises heat exchanger fins on its outside jacket and which is associated on at least one face side (3) with a connecting flange (4) with at least one flow opening (8) for one of the two fluids, especially a hot gas. In order to provide advantageous constructional conditions it is proposed that the profile is a profile tube made of a folded sheet whose heat exchanger fins (7) aligned in the longitudinal direction of the profile are formed by the corrugated profile, especially the corrugated flanks, of the folded sheet.
摘要:
An apparatus is described for guiding a metal band (1) on a gas cushion with blowing boxes (4) which are disposed one after the other in the longitudinal direction (3) of the band and whose nozzle fields (5) which extend transversally to the longitudinal direction (3) of the band comprise hole-type nozzles (6) distributed over the field surface area and slotted nozzles (8) along the edges (7) which extend transversally to longitudinal direction (3) of the band. In order to provide advantageous constructional conditions it is proposed that the slotted nozzles (8) along the edges (7) consist of several nozzle slots (9) which are arranged one after the other parallel to the edge and are inclined inwardly with respect to the edge (7) starting from the respective center (10) of the edge.
摘要:
A plant for the continuous heat treatment of steel strips (4) or the like has a nonmagnetic insulated housing (1), in which two axially parallel unheated rollers (2, 3) are disposed at a distance from each other. To the first roller (2), the steel strip (4) or the like is supplied, which is then wound around the second roller (3) and as a secondary winding gets back to the first roller (2) through a transformer plate assembly (7) and is discharged from said second roller. The primary winding (10) with a corresponding number of turns is disposed outside the housing (1). The housing (1) is filled with a protective gas and has means (11, 12) to ensure a uniform temperature level and distribution in the housing (1).
摘要:
A method for controlling the start-up phase of a motor vehicle driven by an internal combustion engine (12) wherein the internal combustion engines (12) is started by an electrical machine (16) that can be operated as a motor, a preferably automatically atuatable clutch (50) being located in the drive train (11) between the internal combustion engine (12) and the electrical machine (16). A faster start-up response can be achieved if the internal combustion engine (12) is driven by the electrical machine (16) when the clutch (50) is engaged during start-up, and if the clutch capacitance (MK) is reduced according to a defined parameter, preferably the engine speed, the time or the torque (ME) of the electrical machine (16) or similar.
摘要:
A method continuously creates a bainite structure in a carbon steel, especially a strip steel by austenitizing the carbon steel; introducing the austenitized carbon steel into a bath containing a quenching agent; adjusting the carbon steel to the transformation temperature for bainite and maintaining the transformation temperature for a certain period of time; and then cooling the carbon steel. The carbon steel stays in the bath until a defined percentage of the bainite structure relative to the total structure of the carbon steel has formed. Residues of the quenching agent are removed from the surface of the carbon steel by blowing the same off when the carbon steel is discharged from the bath, and the remaining structure components of the carbon steel are then transformed into bainite in an isothermal tempering station without deflecting the carbon steel at all.