摘要:
The present invention relates to a membrane-electrode assembly comprising at least one membrane, at least two electrode layers and at least one barrier layer, wherein the at least one barrier layer comprises at least one catalytically active species and/or at least one adsorbent material and the barrier layer is electronically nonconductive when a catalytically active species is present, the use of such a barrier layer in a membrane-electrode assembly and in a fuel cell, and also a gas-diffusion electrode and a fuel cell comprising such a membrane-electrode assembly.
摘要:
The invention relates to a process for preparing aromatic amines by hydrogenation of nitroaromatics in the presence of catalysts, in which a fluid reaction mixture which comprises amines and from which the catalysts are separated off is formed in a reactor. After the catalysts have been separated off, a measurement of the absorption of UV/VIS radiation by the reaction mixture is carried out to determine the concentration of nitro and nitroso compounds in the reaction mixture.
摘要:
Processes comprising: (i) providing a reactant selected from the group consisting of primary alcohols, secondary alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and mixtures thereof, and (ii) reacting the reactant with hydrogen and a nitrogen compound selected from the group consisting of ammonia, primary amines, secondary amines and mixtures thereof, in the presence of a catalyst comprising a zirconium dioxide- and nickel-containing catalytically active composition, to form an amine; wherein the catalytically active composition, prior to reduction with hydrogen, comprises oxygen compounds of zirconium, copper, nickel and cobalt, and one or more oxygen compounds of molybdenum in an amount of 5.5 to 12% by weight, calculated as MoO3.
摘要:
Processes comprising: providing a starting material comprising monoethanolamine; and reacting the starting material with ammonia in the presence of a heterogeneous transition metal catalyst to form a reaction product comprising one or more ethylene amines; wherein the catalyst comprises a catalytically active composition, which prior to treatment with hydrogen, comprises a mixture of oxygen-containing compounds of aluminum, copper, nickel and cobalt; and wherein the catalyst is present as one or more shaped catalyst particles selected from spheres, extrudates, pellets and other geometries, wherein the sphere or extrudate has a diameter of
摘要:
A supported catalyst comprising a catalytically active metal and a support modified by application of modifiers to an inner support material is produced by applying the catalytically active metal in the form of its chloride-free dissolved amine complexes, acetylacetonate complexes or allyl complexes to the modified support. A process for producing this supported catalyst and a process for the catalytic hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds using this supported catalyst are also provided.
摘要:
The invention relates to colloidal palladium composed of palladium clusters with an average particle diameter 0.2 nm≦d≦2 nm with at least 80% of the palladium clusters having a particle diameter which differs by not more than 0.2 nm from the average particle diameter d, it being possible for the palladium clusters to have protective ligands on the surface. The invention further relates to a process for preparing a colloidal solution of palladium by reacting a palladium salt with a reducing agent in solution at from 0 to 300° C., employing a branched-chain alcohol as reducing agent and phosphines and/or aromatic nitrogen compounds as protective ligands. The invention further relates to palladium-containing heterogeneous catalysts comprising colloidal palladium applied to a carrier, and to a process for their preparation.
摘要翻译:本发明涉及由平均粒径为0.2nm <= d <= 2nm的钯簇构成的胶体钯,其中至少80%的钯簇的粒径与平均粒径不同不超过0.2nm d,钯簇可以在表面上具有保护配体。本发明还涉及一种通过钯盐与还原剂在0-300℃溶液中反应来制备钯的胶体溶液的方法。 使用支链醇作为还原剂,以及膦和/或芳族氮化合物作为保护配体。本发明还涉及包含应用于载体的胶体钯的含钯非均相催化剂及其制备方法。
摘要:
The present invention relates to phosphorus-containing ferromagnetic pigments comprising, in particular, from 30 to 70% by volume of a core, said core comprising essentially iron and cobalt, and from 30 to 70% of a shell, said shell comprising essentially aluminum, phosporus, silicon, oxygen, and optionally magnesium and sodium; the invention further relates to a process for preparation of said pigments, their use in magnetic recording materials and magnetic recording materials which contain such pigments.
摘要:
Acicular metal particles consisting essentially of iron are prepared by reducing .alpha.-iron(III) oxide obtained--by dehydration--from acicular iron(III) oxide hydroxide prepared in the presence of phosphate ions and having a shape-stabilizing surface coating.
摘要:
Processes for preparing an amine, the processes comprising: reacting a reactant selected from the group consisting of primary alcohols, secondary alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and mixtures thereof, with hydrogen and a nitrogen compound selected from the group consisting of ammonia, primary amines, secondary amines and mixtures thereof, in the presence of a zirconium dioxide-, copper- and nickel-containing catalyst; wherein the catalyst comprises a catalytically active composition which comprises, before reduction with hydrogen, oxygen compounds of zirconium, copper, and nickel, 1.5 to 4.5% by weight of an oxygen compound of cobalt, calculated as CoO, and 0.2 to 5.0% by weight of at least one oxygen compound of niobium, sulfur, phosphorus, gallium, boron, lead or antimony, calculated in each case as Nb2O5, H2SO4, H3PO4, Ga2O3, B2O3, PbO and Sb2O3 respectively, and wherein the catalytically active composition does not comprise any molybdenum.
摘要翻译:用于制备胺的方法,所述方法包括:使选自伯醇,仲醇,醛,酮及其混合物的反应物与氢和选自以下的氮化合物反应:氨,伯胺, 仲胺及其混合物,在二氧化锆,含铜和镍的催化剂存在下; 其中所述催化剂包含催化活性组合物,其在用氢还原之前包括锆,铜和镍的氧化合物,1.5至4.5重量%的作为CoO计算的氧化合物钴和0.2至5.0重量% 的铌,硫,磷,镓,硼,铅或锑的至少一种氧化合物,分别以Nb 2 O 5,H 2 SO 4,H 3 PO 4,Ga 2 O 3,B 2 O 3,PbO和Sb 2 O 3计算,其中催化活性组合物不包含 任何钼。