Abstract:
A CATALYST COMPOSITION CHARACTERIZED BY A METHOD OF MANUFACTURE. THE CATALYST COMPOSITION COMPRISES A PLATINUM GROUP METAL, GERMANIUM, AND AN ALKALI METAL COMPOSITED WITH AN ALUMINA CARRIER MATERIAL. THE ALUMINA CARRIER MATERIAL IS IMPREGNATED WITH THE CATALYTIC COMPONENTS, STEAM TREATED AT OXIDIZING CONDITIONS INCLUDING A TEMPERATURE OF FROM ABOUT 400* TO ABOUT 1200*F., AND FURTHER TREATED IN A SUBSTANTIALLY DRY ATMOSPHERE AT OXIDIZING CONDITIONS INCLUDING A TEMPERATURE OF FROM ABOUT 400* TO ABOUT 1200*F., TO YIELD A PRODUCT CHARACTERIZED BY A LOI AT 900*C. OF LESS THAN ABOUT 1 WT. PERCENT PRIOR TO REDUCTION AND SULFIDING.
Abstract:
SULFIDED PLATINUM ON CARBON CTALYST BEING USEFUL IN THE SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION OF HALONITROAROMATES ARE OBTAINED BY SATURATING A PARTICULATE PLATINUM ON CARBON CATALYST WITH HYDROGEN IN ACIDIC AQUEOUS MEDIUM AND TREATING IT WITH DEFINED AMOUNTS OF A SULFIDIZING AGENT, SAID CATALYSTS MAINTAIN THEIR ACTIVITY AND SLECTIVITY FOR NUMEROUS HYDROGENATIONS.
Abstract:
A novel bimetallic catalyst especially useful for the low temperature reduction of oxysulfur compounds with hydrogen, is disclosed. The bimetallic catalyst is a combination of catalytically effective amounts of molybdenum sulfide and of cobalt sulfide with a porous carrier material. It is prepared by impregnating the carrier material with a first metallic component drying and sulfiding to form a sulfided monometallic composite, purging free sulfide from contact with same, impregnating the resulting composite with the second metallic component to form a bimetallic composite, and thereafter, drying and sulfiding the resulting bimetallic composite to produce the bimetallic catalyst. The resulting bimetallic catalyst is especially useful in a method for reducing an inorganic, water-soluble oxysulfur compound wherein an aqueous solution of the oxysulfur compound and hydrogen are contacted with the bimetallic catalyst at reduction conditions.
Abstract:
ALREADY-TO-USE LEAD SULFIDE CATALYST FOR USE IN THE BENDER (A REGISTERED TRADEMARK) SWEETENING PROCESS OF SOUR PETROLEUM PRODUCTS. THE LEAD SULFIDE CATALYST COMPRISES A CARRIER OF PARTICULATE INERT SOLIDS AND A RELATIVELY DRY EXPOSED COATING RESIDING ABOUT THE EXTERIOR SURFACE OF THE SOLIDS THE COATING IS FORMED OF A MIXTURE OF SODIUM SULFIDE AND LEAD OXIDE REACTED IN THE PRESENCE OF AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF SODIUM SILICATE BINDER, PREFERABLY THE SODIUM SULFIDE IS INTRODUCED IN A STOICHIOMETRIC AMOUNT RELATIVE TO THE LEAD OXIDE IN THE MIXTURE. THE CATALYST CAN BE PROTECTED FROM OXIDIZING GASES OR MOISTURE BY A HYDROCARBON SOLUBLE COVERING ENCLOSING THE COATING ON THE CARRIER. FOR EXAMPLE THE COATING MAY BE A HIGH-MELTING POINT NATURAL, PETROLEUM OR SYNTHETIC WAX.
Abstract:
CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF PETROLEUM FEEDSTOCKS, SUCH AS THE CRACKING OF A GAS OIL IN A VERTICAL TRANSPORT REACTOR, IS IMPROVED BY EFFECTING RAPID SEPARATION OF CATALYST FROM REACTOR EFFLUENT AND REGENERATING CATALYST IN A MULTI-STAGE FLUID-BED SYSTEM. A HIGHER YIELD OF DESIRABLE PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AND A LOWER CARBON LEVEL ON SPENT CATALYST ARE REALIZED. PARTIAL REGENERATION OF SPENT CATALYST IS EFFECTED IN A FIRST DILUTE-PHASE REGENERATION STAGE, PERMITTING SUBSEQUENT USE OF A HIGH REGENERATION TEMPERATURE IN ORDER TO REACH AN ACCEPTABLY LOW CARBON LEVEL ON REGENERATED CATALYST WITHOUT HARM TO SENSITIVE CONVERSION CATALYSTS.
Abstract:
SATURATED HYDROCARBON ARE DEHYDROGENATED IN CONTACT WITH A CATALYST COMPRISING ARSENIC IN FROM ABOUT A 0.15 TO ABOUT A 0.45 ATOMIC RATIO WITH PLATINUM, AND FROM ABOUT 0.01 TO ABOUT 1.5 WT. PERCENT LITHIUM COMPOSITED WITH ALUMINA. IMPROVED ACTIVITY AND SELECTIVITY RESULTS FROM THE METHOD OF REDUCING AND SULFIDING THE CATALYST PRIOR TO USE.
Abstract:
A CATALYST FOR THE VAPOR PHASE OXIDATION OF A 1,3-DIENE SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF 1,3-PENTADIENE AND 2-METHYL-1,3-BUTADIENE TO PRODUCE A FURALDEHYDE. THE CATALYST CONTAINS OXIDES OF COPPER, ARSENIC, TELLURIUM, AND MOLYBDENUM. THE METALS ARE PRESENT IN THE CATALYST IN THE FOLLOWING ATOMIC RATIOS:
CUAASBTECMOD
WHEREIN A IS ABOUT 2 TO 20, B IS ABOUT 0.1 TO 15, C IS ABOUT 0.1 TO 5, AND D IS ABOUT 20 TO 30.
Abstract:
FRESH PLATINUM REFORMING CATALYST IS PRETREATED BY INITIALLY CONTACTING THE CATALYST WITH HYDROGEN AND REFORMING NAPHTHA CONTAINING AT LEAST ABOUT 200 PARTS PER MILLION SULFUR AT A TEMPERATURE BETWEEN ABOUT 700 AND ABOUT 750*F., A PRESSURE BETWEEN ABOUT 200 AND ABOUT 600 P.S.I.G. AND A SPACE VELOCITY BETWEEN ABOUT 1 AND ABOUT 3 W./W./HR. THE TEMPERATURE IS THEN RAISED TO BETWEEN ABOUT 800 AND ABOUT 850*F. OVER A PERIOD BETWEEN ABOUT 2 AND ABOUT 7 HOURS AFTER WHICH THE FLOW NAPHTHA IS DISCONTINUED AND THE CATALYST IS CONTACTED WITH INERT GAS (PREFERABLY NITROGEN) AT A TEMPERATURE BETWEEN ABOUT 800 AND ABOUT 850*F., AND A PRESSURE BETWEEN ABOUT 25 AND ABOUT 150 P.S.I.G. FOR A TIME BETWEEN ABOUT 8 AND ABOUT 24 HOURS. THE CATALYST IS THEN AGAIN CONTACTED WITH SULFUR-CONTAINING REFORMING NAPHTHA UNDER THE SAME PRESSURE AND SPACE VELOCITY CONDITIONS AS BEFORE AND THE TEMPERATURE IS GRADUALLY RAISED TO THE RANGE OF BETWEEN ABOUT 890 AND ABOUT 940*F. OVER A PERIOD OF BETWEEN 2 AND ABOUT 7 HOURS, AT THE END OF WHICH TIME THE CATALYST IS AGAIN SUBJECTED TO CONTACT WITH INERT GAS FOR AN ADDITIONAL PERIOD OF BETWEEN ABOUT 8 AND ABOUT 24 HOURS. FOLLOWING THE FINAL INERT GAS SOAK, THE CATALYST IS READY FOR USE IN REFORMING NAPHTHA OF LOW SULFUR CONTENT IN A CONVENTIONAL MANNER.
Abstract:
DEHYDROGENATABLE HYDROCARBONS ARE DEHYDROGENATED BY CONTACTING SAME AT DEHYDROGENATION CONDITIONS WITH A CATALYTIC COMPOSITE, COMPRISING A COMBINATION OF CATALYTICALLY EFFECTIVE AMOUNTS OF A PLATINUM GROUP COMPONENT, A RHENIUM COMPONENT, AND A TIN COMPONENT WITH A POROUS CARRIER MATERIAL. A SPECIFIC EXAMPLE OF THE CATALYTIC COMPOSITES DISCLOSED HEREIN IS A COMBINATION OF A PLATINUM COMPONENT, A RHENIUM COMPONENT, A TIN COMPONENT, AND AN ALKALI OR ALKALINE EARTH COMPONENT WITH AN ALUMINA CARRIER MATERIAL WHEREIN THE COMPONENTS ARE PRESENT IN AMOUNTS SUFFICIENT TO RESULT IN THE CATALYTIC COMPOSITE CONTAINING, ON AN ELEMENTAL BASIS, 0.01 TO 1 WT. PERCENT PLATINUM, 0.01 TO 1 WT. PERCENT RHENIUM, 0.01 TO 5 WT. PERCENT TIN, AND 0.01 TO 5 WT. PERCENT OF THE ALKALI OR ALKALINE EARTH METAL.
Abstract:
ISOMERIZABLE HYDROCARBONS ARE ISOMERIZED USING A CATALYTIC COMPOSITE COMPRISING A COMBINATION OF A TIN COMPONENT AND A RHENIUM COMPONENT WITH A POROUS CARRIER MATERIAL. A CATALYTIC COMPOSITE A TIN COMPONENT, A RHENIUM COMPONENT, AND A FRIEDEL-CRAFTS METAL HALIDE COMPONENT COMBINED WITH A REFRACTORY INORGANIC OXIDE IS ALSO DISCLOSED.