Abstract:
A support matrix generally useful for the immobilization of biologically active proteins is made by coating with a polymeric alcohol a core support of titania or a carbonaceous pyropolymer deposited on a high surface area refractory inorganic oxide, cross-linking the alcohol, and converting a portion of the hydroxyl moieties to sulfonate esters. Such supports covalently bind enzymes and antibodies via a strong carbon-nitrogen single bond to give, for example, an immobilized antibody system extremely resistant to leaching of the antibody, the cross-linked alcohol, or of metals from the core support.
Abstract:
A seal element is positioned within an outer casing and has an anchoring portion which is sealingly secured to the periphery of a rotating shaft by a surrounding coil spring. A radial portion on the seal element extends radially outward from the anchoring portion and passes between two spaced washers, providing a dynamic seal therebetween. An arm extends from one face of the seal element radial portion to resiliently bias the radial portion into engagement with the washers. A spiral hydrodynamic groove on the other face of the seal element radial portion automatically pumps fluid back to the fluid side of the seal apparatus as the shaft and seal element rotate together.
Abstract:
Control symbols taking the form {k1-k2-k2-k1} are inserted in a serial stream including m bit data words. k1 and k2 are each predefined m bit control words differing from the m bit data words. The Hamming distance between k1 and k2 is at least 2. Such control symbols may be robustly detected in the presence of a one bit error in the symbol, or a data word immediately preceding or following the symbol. The m bit words may be 8B/10B encoded data, or defined control words. The control symbols may be used for data delineation, stream synchronizaiton, transmitter/receiver synchronization or for other control signalling.
Abstract:
A conflict resolution technique provides consistency such that all conflicts can be detected by at least one of the conflicting requestors if each node monitors all requests after that node has made its own request. If a line is in the Exclusive, Modified or Forward state, conflicts are resolved at the node holding the unique copy. The winner of the conflict resolution, and possibly the losers, report the conflict to the home node, which pairs conflict reports and issues forwarding instructions to assure that all requesting nodes eventually receive the requested data. If a requested cache line is either uncached or present only in the Shared state, the home node provides a copy of the cache node and resolves conflicts. In one embodiment, a blackout period after all responses until an acknowledgement message has been received allows all conflicting nodes to be aware of conflicts in which they are involved.
Abstract:
One embodiment of the present invention provides a system that facilitates avoiding locks by speculatively executing critical sections of code. During operation, the system allows a process to speculatively execute a critical section of code within a program without first acquiring a lock associated with the critical section. If the process subsequently completes the critical section without encountering an interfering data access from another process, the system commits changes made during the speculative execution, and resumes normal non-speculative execution of the program past the critical section. Otherwise, if an interfering data access from another process is encountered during execution of the critical section, the system discards changes made during the speculative execution, and attempts to re-execute the critical section.
Abstract:
A hybrid Single-Compare-Single-Store (SCSS) operation may exploit best-effort hardware transactional memory (HTM) for good performance in the case that it succeeds, and may transparently resort to software-mediated transactions if the hardware transactional mechanisms fail. The SCSS operation may compare a value in a control location to a specified expected value, and if they match, may store a new value in a separate data location. The control value may include a global lock, a transaction status indicator, and/or a portion of an ownership record, in different embodiments. If another transaction in progress owns the data location, the SCSS operation may abort the other transaction or may help it complete by copying the other transactions' write set into its own right set before acquiring ownership. A hybrid SCSS operation, which is usually nonblocking, may be applied to building software transactional memories (STMs) and/or hybrid transactional memories (HyTMs), in some embodiments.
Abstract:
Control symbols taking the form {k1-k2-k2-k1} are inserted in a serial stream including m bit data words. k1 and k2 are each predefined m bit control words differing from the m bit data words. The Hamming distance between k1 and k2 is at least 2. Such control symbols may be robustly detected in the presence of a one bit error in the symbol, or a data word immediately preceding or following the symbol. The m bit words may be 8B/10B encoded data, or defined control words. The control symbols may be used for data delineation, stream synchronization, transmitter/receiver synchronization or for other control signalling.
Abstract:
Hardware resolution of data conflicts in critical sections of programs executed in shared memory computer architectures are resolved using a hardware-based ordering system and without acquisition of the lock variable.
Abstract:
A radial lip seal for sealably mounting within a split circular seal housing includes a seal body having a channel disposed along a seal body outside diameter. The radial split seal includes an annular seal body which is divided into at least two substantially similar semi-annular seal body sections that are each connected together at end portions. The seal body formed from such sections includes a sealing lip that extends radially inwardly from the body for slidable sealing contact around a rotatable shaft. An energizer is seated within the channel. The seal is mounted within a seal housing that is configured to fix the axial placement of the seal therein. The energizer is interposed between the seal and the seal housing to both allow the seal to move radially a desired distance within the seal housing in response to seal thermal expansion and contraction, and to provide a leak-tight seal therebetween.
Abstract:
A rebuildable radial lip seal having a replaceable sealing element for sealing around a movable shaft and adapted for removable placement within a seal housing. The rebuildable radial seal comprises an annular sealing body which extends radially between an annular inner seal surface and an annular outer seal surface. The inner seal surface defines a first inner diameter and includes a circumferential rib which protrudes radially inward from the inner surface. An annular end flange is coaxially engageable with the seal body. The end flange includes a coaxially protruding annular rim which is engageable within the first inner diameter of the seal body to form a circumferential inner slot between the circumferential rib and the inner surface of the seal body and the annular rim on the end flange. An annular sealing element having an inner sealing lip is sealably captured within the inner circumferential slot formed between the seal body and the end flange. Fasteners coaxially secure he seal body and the end flange together and sealably compressed the axially aligned sealing element therebetween. A circumferential outer seal seals between the outer seal surface and a cylindrical bore within a seal housing.