Abstract:
A carbon-based electrode includes activated carbon, carbon black, and a binder. The binder is fluoropolymer having a molecular weight of at least 500,000 and a fluorine content of 40 to 70 wt. %. A method of forming the carbon-based electrode includes providing a binder-less conductive carbon-coated current collector, pre-treating the carbon coating with a sodium napthalenide-based solution, and depositing onto the treated carbon coating a slurry containing activated carbon, carbon black and binder.
Abstract:
A lithium ion capacitor, including: an anode including: a conductive support; a first mixture coated on the conductive support including: a carbon sourced from coconut shell flour; a conductive carbon black; and a PVDF binder in amounts as defined herein, and where the PVDF binder has a weight average molecular weight of from 300,000 to 400,000; and a second mixture coated on the first mixture, the second mixture comprising micron-sized lithium metal particles having an encapsulating shell comprised of LiPF6, mineral oil, and a thermoplastic binder. Also disclosed is a method of making and using the lithium ion capacitor.
Abstract:
A carbon-based electrode includes activated carbon, carbon black, and a binder. The binder is fluoropolymer having a molecular weight of at least 500,000 and a fluorine content of 40 to 70 wt. %. A method of forming the carbon-based electrode includes providing a binder-less conductive carbon-coated current collector, pre-treating the carbon coating with a sodium napthalenide-based solution, and depositing onto the treated carbon coating a slurry containing activated carbon, carbon black and binder.
Abstract:
An anode in a lithium ion capacitor, including:a carbon composition comprising: a coconut shell sourced carbon in from 85 to 95 wt %; a conductive carbon in from 1 to 10 wt %; and a binder in from 3 to 8 wt %; andan electrically conductive substrate,wherein the coconut shell sourced carbon has a disorder (D) peak to graphitic (G) peak intensity ratio by Raman analysis of from 1.40 to 1.85; and by elemental analysis a hydrogen content of from 0.01 to 0.25 wt %; a nitrogen content of from 0.01 to 0.55 wt %; and an oxygen content of from 0.01 to 2 wt %.Also disclosed are methods of making and using the carbon composition.
Abstract:
An anode in a lithium ion capacitor, including: a carbon composition comprising: a coke sourced carbon, a conductive carbon, and a binder as defined herein; and an electrically conductive substrate supporting the carbon composition, wherein the coke sourced carbon has a disorder by Raman analysis as defined herein; and a hydrogen content; a nitrogen content; an and oxygen content as defined herein. Also disclosed is a method of making the anode, a method of making the lithium ion capacitor, and methods of use thereof.
Abstract:
A lithium-ion capacitor may include a cathode, an anode, a separator disposed between the cathode and the anode, a lithium composite material, and an electrolyte solution. The cathode and anode may be non-porous. The lithium composite material comprises a core of lithium metal and a coating of a complex lithium salt that encapsulates the core. In use, the complex lithium salt may dissolve into and constitute a portion of the electrolyte solution.
Abstract:
A method of forming an electrolyte solution involves combining ammonium tetrafluoroborate and a quaternary ammonium halide in a liquid solvent to form a quaternary ammonium tetrafluoroborate and an ammonium halide. The ammonium halide precipitate is removed from the solvent to form an electrolyte solution. The reactants can be added step-wise to the solvent, and the method can include using a stoichiometric excess of the ammonium tetrafluoroborate to form a substantially halide ion-free electrolyte solution.
Abstract:
A lithium ion battery having a cathode and an anode, the cathode includes a material having an olivine or spinel structure, the anode includes a coating of a composite lithium powder coated with a complex lithium salt, such as LiPF6, LiBF4, LiClO4, LiAsF6, LiF3SO3, and mixtures thereof. A separator is disposed between the anode and the cathode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution in contact with the cathode, the anode, and the separator. The anode can include a carbon material. A layer of a composite lithium powder coated with a complex lithium salt can be disposed between the anode and the separator.
Abstract:
An energy storage device such as an electric double layer capacitor has positive and negative electrodes, each including a blend of respective first and second activated carbon materials having distinct pore size distributions. The blend (mixture) of first and second activated carbon materials may be equal in each electrode.
Abstract:
A positive electrode for an energy storage device includes a first activated carbon material comprising pores having a size of ≦1 nm, which provide a combined pore volume of >0.3 cm3/g, pores having a size of >1 nm to ≦2 nm, which provide a combined pore volume of ≧0.05 cm3/g, and 2 nm. A negative electrode for the energy storage device includes a second activated carbon material comprising pores having a size of ≦1 nm, which provide a combined pore volume of ≦0.3 cm3/g, pores having a size of >1 nm to ≦2 nm, which provide a combined pore volume of ≧0.05 cm3/g, and 2 nm. The total oxygen content in at least the first activated carbon material is at most 1.5 wt. %.