公开(公告)号：US20130181627A1

公开(公告)日：2013-07-18

申请号：US13352429

申请日：2012-01-18

Applicant: Nitin Kumar ,  Shashank Bakre ,  Driss Baba

Inventor： Nitin Kumar ,  Shashank Bakre ,  Driss Baba

IPC: H05B37/02

CPC classification number: H05B41/3927

Abstract: A ballast for dimming a lamp is provided. The ballast includes an inverter circuit for providing a lamp current for energizing the lamp and a dim interface for receiving an input indicative of a selected lighting level. A control circuit is connected to the dim interface for generating a pulse-width-modulated signal having a duty cycle corresponding to the selected lighting level. A switching network is connected to the control circuit for receiving the pulse-width-modulated signal. The switching network operates between a conductive state and a non-conductive state as a function of the pulse-width-modulated signal. An impedance device is connected across the switching network and is configured for connecting in series with the lamp so that the impedance device receives the lamp current when the switching network is operating in the non-conductive state and the lamp current bypasses the capacitor when the switching network is operating in the conductive state.

Abstract translation: 提供了用于调光灯的镇流器。 镇流器包括用于提供用于激励灯的灯电流的逆变器电路和用于接收指示所选择的照明电平的输入的暗接口。 控制电路连接到暗接口，用于产生具有对应于所选择的照明电平的占空比的脉冲宽度调制信号。 开关网络连接到用于接收脉冲宽度调制信号的控制电路。 开关网络作为脉冲宽度调制信号的函数在导通状态和非导通状态之间工作。 阻抗装置连接在开关网络两端，被配置为与灯串联连接，使得阻抗装置在开关网络工作在非导通状态时接收灯电流，并且当电流切换时灯电流旁路电容器 网络工作在导通状态。

公开(公告)号：US08486282B2

公开(公告)日：2013-07-16

申请号：US12729199

申请日：2010-03-22

Applicant: Zhi-Wen Sun ,  Nitin Kumar ,  Guizhen Zhang ,  Minh Anh Nguyen ,  Nikhil Kalyankar

Inventor： Zhi-Wen Sun ,  Nitin Kumar ,  Guizhen Zhang ,  Minh Anh Nguyen ,  Nikhil Kalyankar

IPC: H01B13/00 ,  B31D3/00

CPC classification number: C23C14/5873 ,  C03C17/36 ,  C03C17/3678 ,  C03C2217/944 ,  C03C2218/32 ,  C09K13/04 ,  C23C14/086 ,  H01L31/02366 ,  Y02E10/50

Abstract: Surface texturing of the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) front contact of a thin film photovoltaic (TFPV) solar cell is needed to enhance the light-trapping capability of the TFPV solar cells and thus improving the solar cell efficiency. Embodiments of the current invention describe chemical formulations and methods for the wet etching of the TCO. The formulations and methods may be optimized to tune the surface texturing of the TCO as desired.

Abstract translation: 需要薄膜光伏（TFPV）太阳能电池的透明导电氧化物（TCO）前触点的表面纹理来增强TFPV太阳能电池的光捕获能力，从而提高太阳能电池效率。 本发明的实施方案描述了用于湿法蚀刻TCO的化学配方和方法。 可以优化配方和方法以根据需要调整TCO的表面纹理。

公开(公告)号：US08466003B2

公开(公告)日：2013-06-18

申请号：US13442171

申请日：2012-04-09

Applicant: Jian Li ,  James Craig Hunter ,  Nikhil Kalyankar ,  Nitin Kumar ,  Minh Anh Anh Nguyen

Inventor： Jian Li ,  James Craig Hunter ,  Nikhil Kalyankar ,  Nitin Kumar ,  Minh Anh Anh Nguyen

IPC: H01L21/00

CPC classification number: H01L31/0516 ,  H01L21/228 ,  H01L31/02363 ,  H01L31/068 ,  H01L31/0682 ,  H01L31/1804 ,  H02S50/10 ,  Y02B10/10 ,  Y02E10/547 ,  Y02P70/521

Abstract: Embodiments of the current invention describe methods of forming different types of crystalline silicon based solar cells that can be combinatorially varied and evaluated. Examples of these different types of solar cells include front and back contact silicon based solar cells, all-back contact solar cells and selective emitter solar cells. These methodologies all incorporate the formation of site-isolated regions using a combinatorial processing tool and the use of these site-isolated regions to form the solar cell area. Therefore, multiple solar cells may be rapidly formed on a single crystalline silicon substrate for use in combinatorial methodologies. Any of the individual processes of the methods described may be varied combinatorially to test varied process conditions or materials.

Abstract translation: 本发明的实施例描述了可以组合地改变和评估的不同类型的晶体硅基太阳能电池的形成方法。 这些不同类型的太阳能电池的实例包括正面和背面接触硅基太阳能电池，全背接触太阳能电池和选择性发射极太阳能电池。 这些方法都使用组合处理工具形成位点隔离区域，并且使用这些位置隔离区域形成太阳能电池区域。 因此，可以在用于组合方法的单晶硅衬底上快速形成多个太阳能电池。 可以组合地改变所描述的方法的任何单独过程以测试各种工艺条件或材料。

公开(公告)号：US08426970B2

公开(公告)日：2013-04-23

申请号：US12979627

申请日：2010-12-28

Applicant: Zachary Fresco ,  Chi-I Lang ,  Sandra G. Malhotra ,  Tony P. Chiang ,  Thomas R. Boussie ,  Nitin Kumar ,  Jinhong Tong ,  Anh Duong

Inventor： Zachary Fresco ,  Chi-I Lang ,  Sandra G. Malhotra ,  Tony P. Chiang ,  Thomas R. Boussie ,  Nitin Kumar ,  Jinhong Tong ,  Anh Duong

IPC: H01L23/52 ,  H01L23/532

CPC classification number: H01L21/288 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  H01L21/3105 ,  H01L21/31058 ,  H01L21/76834 ,  H01L21/76849 ,  H01L21/7685

Abstract: Methods for substrate processing are described. The methods include forming a material layer on a substrate. The methods include selecting constituents of a molecular masking layer (MML) to remove an effect of variations in the material layer as a result of substrate processing. The methods include normalizing the surface characteristics of the material layer by selectively depositing the MML on the material layer.

公开(公告)号：US08410713B2

公开(公告)日：2013-04-02

申请号：US12986596

申请日：2011-01-07

Applicant: Nitin Kumar ,  Shashank Bakre ,  Christian Breuer

Inventor： Nitin Kumar ,  Shashank Bakre ,  Christian Breuer

IPC: H05B41/16 ,  H05B41/24 ,  H05B37/00 ,  H05B39/00 ,  H05B41/14 ,  H05B37/02 ,  H05B39/02 ,  H05B39/04

CPC classification number: H05B41/2855

Abstract: A lamp driver circuit to selectively energize one or more lamps is provided. The inverter circuit has a transformer with primary and secondary windings to provide voltage to the lamps. A filter is connected to the primary winding to receive a primary winding signal representative of the voltage across the primary winding. The primary winding signal has a frequency spectrum and the filter detects a particular characteristic of the frequency spectrum that is indicative of an end of life (EOL) condition of the one or more lamps. A control circuit is connected to the inverter circuit and to the filter. The control circuit is configured to discontinue energizing of the one or more lamps by the inverter circuit when the particular characteristic of the frequency spectrum of the primary winding signal is detected by the filter.

Abstract translation: 提供了用于选择性地激励一个或多个灯的灯驱动器电路。 逆变器电路具有带有初级和次级绕组的变压器，以向灯提供电压。 滤波器连接到初级绕组以接收表示初级绕组两端的电压的初级绕组信号。 初级绕组信号具有频谱，并且滤波器检测指示一个或多个灯的寿命终止（EOL）状态的频谱的特定特性。 控制电路连接到逆变器电路和滤波器。 控制电路被配置为当通过滤波器检测到初级绕组信号的频谱的特定特性时，通过逆变器电路中断一个或多个灯的通电。

公开(公告)号：US20120313538A1

公开(公告)日：2012-12-13

申请号：US13155104

申请日：2011-06-07

Applicant: Nitin Kumar ,  Markus Ziegler ,  Shashank Bakre

Inventor： Nitin Kumar ,  Markus Ziegler ,  Shashank Bakre

IPC: H05B37/02

CPC classification number: H05B41/2806 ,  Y02B20/22

Abstract: A ballast to energize a lamp at a selected lighting level is provided. The ballast includes a rectifier, a buck converter, and a controller. The rectifier produces a DC voltage with a substantially constant magnitude. The buck converter generates a lamp voltage output from the DC voltage based on a duty cycle. The output has a magnitude that is varied based on the duty cycle to energize the lamp at a selected lighting level. The controller receives a dim input signal indicating the selected lighting level, and provides an appropriate control signal to the buck converter. The appropriate control signal indicates a particular duty cycle corresponding to magnitude of the output to produce the selected lighting level. In response to receiving the control signal, the buck converter adjusts the duty cycle accordingly, producing the output having the magnitude to energize the lamp at the selected lighting level.

Abstract translation: 提供了在选定的照明级别对灯进行通电的镇流器。 镇流器包括整流器，降压转换器和控制器。 整流器产生具有基本恒定幅度的直流电压。 降压转换器基于占空比产生从直流电压输出的灯电压。 输出具有基于占空比而变化的幅度，以在所选择的照明水平激励灯。 控制器接收指示所选择的照明电平的暗淡的输入信号，并向降压转换器提供适当的控制信号。 适当的控制信号指示对应于输出的幅度的特定占空比以产生所选择的照明电平。 响应于接收到控制信号，降压转换器相应地调节占空比，产生具有在所选择的照明电平下激励灯的幅度的输出。

公开(公告)号：US20120286682A1

公开(公告)日：2012-11-15

申请号：US13105095

申请日：2011-05-11

Applicant: Nitin Kumar ,  Shashank Bakre

Inventor： Nitin Kumar ,  Shashank Bakre

IPC: H05B37/02

CPC classification number: H05B41/42 ,  H05B37/0263

Abstract: A bi-level lamp ballast to selectively operate two lamps is provided. The ballast includes a control circuit having an input, connected to a switching network, and an output, which provides a particular control signal based on the state of the switching network. The ballast also includes respective lamp control switches, each having respective outputs. The first switch is connected to the output and a ballast power supply. In its first state, it connects the ballast power supply to its first output, and in its second state, it connects the ballast power supply to its second output. The second switch is connected to the output and a ground. In its first state, it connects the ground to its first output, and in its second state, it connects the ground to its second output. The state of each lamp control switch depends on the control signal generated by the control circuit.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种用于选择性地操作两个灯的双电平镇流器。 镇流器包括具有连接到开关网络的输入端和输出端的控制电路，该输出端基于开关网络的状态提供特定的控制信号。 镇流器还包括相应的灯控制开关，每个具有相应的输出。 第一个开关连接到输出和镇流器电源。 在其第一个状态下，它将镇流器电源连接到其第一个输出端，在其第二个状态下，将镇流器电源连接到其第二个输出端。 第二个开关连接到输出和地。 在其第一个状态下，它将地面连接到其第一个输出，而在第二个状态下，它将地面连接到其第二个输出。 每个灯控制开关的状态取决于控制电路产生的控制信号。

公开(公告)号：US20120248983A1

公开(公告)日：2012-10-04

申请号：US13077063

申请日：2011-03-31

Applicant: Nitin Kumar ,  Shashank Bakre

Inventor： Nitin Kumar ,  Shashank Bakre

IPC: H05B37/02

CPC classification number: H05B41/40 ,  H05B41/42

Abstract: A lighting system converter circuit of a lamp power converter to selectively operate a plurality of lamps connected thereto is provided. The lighting system converter circuit includes a first impedance circuit and a second impedance circuit. Each impedance circuit includes an input terminal, an impedance component, and a switching network. The impedance components are each configured to connect in series with the lamps. Each input terminal is configured to receive a control signal that indicates a state of a switch. Each control signal has a first logic level, indicating the switch is non-conductive, and a second logic level, indicating the switch is conductive. Each switching network is connected to its respective input terminal and in parallel with its respective impedance component, and is configured to selectively operate between a conductive state and a non-conductive state, as a function of the logic level of its respective control signal.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种用于选择性地操作连接到其上的多个灯的灯功率转换器的照明系统转换器电路。 照明系统转换器电路包括第一阻抗电路和第二阻抗电路。 每个阻抗电路包括输入端子，阻抗部件和开关网络。 阻抗元件各自被配置为与灯串联。 每个输入端被配置为接收指示开关状态的控制信号。 每个控制信号具有第一逻辑电平，指示开关不导通，并且指示开关是导通的第二逻辑电平。 每个开关网络连接到其相应的输入端并与其相应的阻抗分量并联，并且被配置为根据其各自的控制信号的逻辑电平，在导通状态和非导通状态之间有选择地操作。

公开(公告)号：US20120238050A1

公开(公告)日：2012-09-20

申请号：US13460333

申请日：2012-04-30

Applicant: Zhi-Wen Sun ,  Nitin Kumar ,  Guizhen Zhang ,  Nikhil Kalyankar ,  Minh Anh Nguyen

Inventor： Zhi-Wen Sun ,  Nitin Kumar ,  Guizhen Zhang ,  Nikhil Kalyankar ,  Minh Anh Nguyen

IPC: H01L31/18

CPC classification number: B01J19/0046 ,  B01J2219/0043 ,  B01J2219/00443 ,  B01J2219/00536 ,  B01J2219/00596 ,  B01J2219/00702 ,  B01J2219/00754 ,  B01J2219/00756 ,  C40B40/18 ,  C40B60/14 ,  H01L31/02363 ,  H01L31/02366 ,  H01L31/1884 ,  Y02E10/50

Abstract: Embodiments of the current invention include methods of improving a process of forming a textured TCO film by combinatorial methods. The combinatorial method may include depositing a TCO by physical vapor deposition or sputtering, annealing the TCO, and etching the TCO where at least one of the depositing, the annealing, or the etching is performed combinatorially. Embodiments of the current invention also include improved methods of forming the TCO based on the results of combinatorial testing.

Abstract translation: 本发明的实施例包括通过组合方法改进形成纹理TCO膜的工艺的方法。 组合方法可以包括通过物理气相沉积或溅射沉积TCO，退火TCO，以及蚀刻TCO，其中组合进行沉积，退火或蚀刻中的至少一个。 本发明的实施例还包括基于组合测试的结果形成TCO的改进方法。

公开(公告)号：US08077726B1

公开(公告)日：2011-12-13

申请号：US12391859

申请日：2009-02-24

Applicant: Nitin Kumar ,  Alex Baban

Inventor： Nitin Kumar ,  Alex Baban

IPC: H04L12/56

CPC classification number: H04L45/00 ,  H04L41/0893 ,  H04L45/22 ,  H04L45/28 ,  H04L45/50 ,  H04L45/507 ,  H04L45/52 ,  H04W8/18 ,  H04W40/00 ,  H04W88/16

Abstract: Techniques are described for maintaining a forwarding information base (FIB) within a packet-forwarding engine (PFE) of a router, and programming a packet-forwarding integrated circuit (IC) with a hardware version of the FIB. Entries of the hardware version identify primary forwarding next hops and backup forwarding next hops for the LSPs, wherein the packet-forwarding IC includes a control logic module and internal selector block configured to produce a value indicating a state of the first physical link. The selector block outputs one of the primary forwarding next hop and the backup forwarding next hop of the entries for forwarding the MPLS packets based on the value in response to the packet-processing engine addressing one of the entries of the FIB for the LSPs. Packets are forwarded with the PFE to the one of the primary forwarding next hop and the backup forwarding next hop output by the selector block.

Abstract translation: 描述了用于在路由器的分组转发引擎（PFE）内维护转发信息库（FIB）的技术，并且利用FIB的硬件版本来编程分组转发集成电路（IC）。 硬件版本的条目识别LSP的主转发下一跳和后续转发，其中分组转发IC包括控制逻辑模块和内部选择器块，其被配置为产生指示第一物理链路的状态的值。 选择器块输出主要转发下一跳和用于转发MPLS分组的条目的备用转发下一跳，该响应于响应于分组处理引擎寻址用于LSP的FIB的条目中的一个的值。 分组与PFE一起转发到主转发下一跳和选择器块下一跳输出的备份转发。