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31.发明授权Transition-metal doped sulfide, selenide, and telluride laser crystal and lasers 失效过渡金属掺杂硫化物，硒化物和碲化物激光晶体和激光器
公开(公告)号：US5541948A
公开(公告)日：1996-07-30
申请号：US346457
申请日：1994-11-28
IPC分类号： H01S3/16
CPC分类号： H01S3/16 , H01S3/1621 , H01S3/1623 , H01S3/1628
摘要： A new class of solid state laser crystals and lasers are formed of transition metal doped sulfide, selenide, and telluride host crystals which have four fold coordinated substitutional sites. The host crystals include II-VI compounds. The host crystal is doped with a transition metal laser ion, e.g., chromium, cobalt or iron. In particular, Cr.sup.2+ -doped ZnS and ZnSe generate laser action near 2.3 .mu.m. Oxide, chloride, fluoride, bromide and iodide crystals with similar structures can also be used. Important aspects of these laser materials are the tetrahedral site symmetry of the host crystal, low excited state absorption losses and high luminescence efficiency, and the d.sup.4 and d.sup.6 electronic configurations of the transition metal ions. The same materials are also useful as saturable absorbers for passive Q-switching applications. The laser materials can be used as gain media in amplifiers and oscillators; these gain media can be incorporated into waveguides and semiconductor lasers.
摘要翻译： 一类新型的固体激光晶体和激光器由过渡金属掺杂的硫化物，硒化物和碲化物主体晶体形成，它们具有四个重叠的配位置。 主体晶体包括II-VI化合物。 主体晶体掺杂有过渡金属激光离子，例如铬，钴或铁。 特别是Cr2 +掺杂的ZnS和ZnSe在2.3μm附近产生激光作用。 也可以使用具有相似结构的氧化物，氯化物，氟化物，溴化物和碘化物晶体。 这些激光材料的重要方面是主晶体的四面体位置对称性，低激发态吸收损耗和高发光效率，以及过渡金属离子的d4和d6电子结构。 相同的材料也可用作无源Q开关应用的可饱和吸收器。 激光材料可用作放大器和振荡器中的增益介质; 这些增益介质可以并入到波导和半导体激光器中。
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32.发明授权Ytterbium- and neodymium-doped vanadate laser hose crystals having the apatite crystal structure 失效具有磷灰石晶体结构的镱和钕掺杂的钒酸盐激光软管晶体
公开(公告)号：US5341389A
公开(公告)日：1994-08-23
申请号：US72951
申请日：1993-06-08
CPC分类号： H01S3/16 , C30B15/00 , C30B29/12 , H01S3/1671
摘要： Yb.sup.3+ and Nd.sup.3+ doped Sr.sub.5 (VO.sub.4).sub.3 F crystals serve as useful infrared laser media that exhibit low thresholds of oscillation and high slope efficiencies, and can be grown with high optical quality. These laser media possess unusually high absorption and emission cross sections, which provide the crystals with the ability to generate greater gain for a given amount of pump power. Many related crystals such as Sr.sub.5 (VO.sub.4).sub.3 F crystals doped with other rare earths, transition metals, or actinides, as well as the many structural analogs of Sr.sub.5 (VO.sub.4).sub.3 F, where the Sr.sup.2+ and F.sup.- ions are replaced by related chemical species, have similar properties.
摘要翻译： Yb3 +和Nd3 +掺杂的Sr5（VO4）3F晶体作为有效的红外激光介质，具有较低的振荡阈值和较高的斜率效率，可以以高光学质量生长。 这些激光介质具有非常高的吸收和发射截面，为晶体提供了在给定量的泵浦功率下产生更大增益的能力。 许多相关的晶体，如掺杂有其他稀土，过渡金属或锕系元素的Sr5（VO4）3F晶体，以及Sr5（VO4）3F的许多结构类似物，其中Sr2 +和F-离子被相关化学物质所取代 ，具有相似的属性。
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33.发明授权Yb:FAP and related materials, laser gain medium comprising same, and laser systems using same 失效Yb：FAP和相关材料，包括其的激光增益介质和使用其的激光系统
公开(公告)号：US5280492A
公开(公告)日：1994-01-18
申请号：US792792
申请日：1991-11-15
CPC分类号： H01S3/16 , C30B15/00 , C30B29/10 , H01S3/1618
摘要： An ytterbium doped laser material remarkably superior to all others, including Yb:YAG, comprises Ytterbium doped apatite (Yb:Ca.sub.5 (PO.sub.4).sub.3 F) or Yb:FAP, or ytterbium doped crystals that are structurally related to FAP. The new laser material is used in laser systems pumped by diode pump sources having an output near 0.905 microns or 0.98 microns, such as InGaAs and AlInGaAs, or other narrowband pump sources near 0.905 microns or 0.98 microns. The laser systems are operated in either the conventional or ground state depletion mode.
摘要翻译： 包括Yb：YAG在内的掺镱掺杂激光材料包括掺杂镱的掺杂磷灰石（Yb：Ca5（PO4）3F）或Yb：FAP或与FAP结构相关的镱掺杂晶体。 新的激光材料用于由二极管泵浦源泵浦的激光系统，其输出接近0.905微米或0.98微米，例如InGaAs和AlInGaAs，或其他窄0.90微米或0.98微米的窄带泵浦源。 激光系统以常规或基态耗尽模式运行。
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公开(公告)号：US08461535B2
公开(公告)日：2013-06-11
申请号：US12778007
申请日：2010-05-11
IPC分类号： G01T1/20
CPC分类号： C04B35/01 , C04B35/6455 , C04B2235/3224 , C04B2235/3225 , C04B2235/3227 , C04B2235/3229 , C04B2235/3286 , C04B2235/6581 , C04B2235/764 , C04B2235/9653
摘要： A transparent ceramic according to one embodiment includes a rare earth garnet comprising AhBiCjO12, where h is 3±10%, i is 2±10%, and j is 3±10%. A includes a rare earth element or a mixture of rare earth elements, B includes at least one of aluminum, gallium and scandium, and C includes at least one of aluminum, gallium and scandium, where A is at a dodecahedral site of the garnet, B is at an octahedral site of the garnet, and C is at a tetrahedral site of the garnet. In one embodiment, the rare earth garment has scintillation properties. A radiation detector in one embodiment includes a transparent ceramic as described above and a photo detector optically coupled to the rare earth garnet.
摘要翻译： 根据一个实施方案的透明陶瓷包括包含AhBiCjO 12的稀土石榴石，其中h为3±10％，i为2±10％，j为3±10％。 A包括稀土元素或稀土元素的混合物，B包括铝，镓和钪中的至少一种，C包括铝，镓和钪中的至少一种，其中A在石榴石的十二面体位置， B位于石榴石的八面体位置，C位于石榴石的四面体位置。 在一个实施例中，稀土服装具有闪烁特性。 一个实施例中的放射线检测器包括如上所述的透明陶瓷和与稀土石榴石光学耦合的光电检测器。
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35.发明申请MIXED IONIC-ELECTRONIC CONDUCTOR-BASED RADIATION DETECTORS AND METHODS OF FABRICATION 有权基于混合离子电子导体的辐射检测器和制造方法公开(公告)号：US20130026364A1
公开(公告)日：2013-01-31
申请号：US13457396
申请日：2012-04-26
申请人： Adam Conway , Patrick R. Beck , Robert T. Graff , Art Nelson , Rebecca J. Nikolic , Stephen A. Payne , Lars Voss , Hadong Kim
发明人： Adam Conway , Patrick R. Beck , Robert T. Graff , Art Nelson , Rebecca J. Nikolic , Stephen A. Payne , Lars Voss , Hadong Kim
摘要： A method of fabricating a mixed ionic-electronic conductor (e.g. TlBr)-based radiation detector having halide-treated surfaces and associated methods of fabrication, which controls polarization of the mixed ionic-electronic MIEC material to improve stability and operational lifetime.
摘要翻译： 一种制造具有卤化物处理表面和相关制造方法的混合离子电子导体（例如基于TlBr）的辐射检测器的方法，其控制混合离子电子MIEC材料的极化以改善稳定性和操作寿命。
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公开(公告)号：US20100294939A1
公开(公告)日：2010-11-25
申请号：US12778007
申请日：2010-05-11
CPC分类号： C04B35/01 , C04B35/6455 , C04B2235/3224 , C04B2235/3225 , C04B2235/3227 , C04B2235/3229 , C04B2235/3286 , C04B2235/6581 , C04B2235/764 , C04B2235/9653
摘要： A transparent ceramic according to one embodiment includes a rare earth garnet comprising AhBiCjO12, where h is 3±10%, i is 2±10%, and j is 3±10%. A includes a rare earth element or a mixture of rare earth elements, B includes at least one of aluminum, gallium and scandium, and C includes at least one of aluminum, gallium and scandium, where A is at a dodecahedral site of the garnet, B is at an octahedral site of the garnet, and C is at a tetrahedral site of the garnet. In one embodiment, the rare earth garment has scintillation properties. A radiation detector in one embodiment includes a transparent ceramic as described above and a photo detector optically coupled to the rare earth garnet.
摘要翻译： 根据一个实施方案的透明陶瓷包括包含AhBiCjO 12的稀土石榴石，其中h为3±10％，i为2±10％，j为3±10％。 A包括稀土元素或稀土元素的混合物，B包括铝，镓和钪中的至少一种，C包括铝，镓和钪中的至少一种，其中A在石榴石的十二面体位置， B位于石榴石的八面体位置，C位于石榴石的四面体位置。 在一个实施例中，稀土服装具有闪烁特性。 一个实施例中的放射线检测器包括如上所述的透明陶瓷和与稀土石榴石光学耦合的光电检测器。
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37.发明申请SOLUTION-GROWN CRYSTALS FOR NEUTRON RADIATION DETECTORS, AND METHODS OF SOLUTION GROWTH 有权用于中子辐射探测器的解决方案 - 晶体结构和解决方案生长方法公开(公告)号：US20100252741A1
公开(公告)日：2010-10-07
申请号：US12418434
申请日：2009-04-03
CPC分类号： C07C51/43 , C07C15/14 , C07C15/20 , C07C15/50 , C07C15/52 , C07C15/54 , C07C229/58 , C07C2603/24 , C30B7/04 , C30B29/54 , G01T3/06 , C07C63/331 , C07C63/68
摘要： A method according to one embodiment includes growing an organic crystal from solution, the organic crystal exhibiting a signal response signature for neutrons from a radioactive source. A system according to one embodiment includes an organic crystal having physical characteristics of formation from solution, the organic crystal exhibiting a signal response signature for neutrons from a radioactive source; and a photodetector for detecting the signal response of the organic crystal. A method according to another embodiment includes growing an organic crystal from solution, the organic crystal being large enough to exhibit a detectable signal response signature for neutrons from a radioactive source. An organic crystal according to another embodiment includes an organic crystal having physical characteristics of formation from solution, the organic crystal exhibiting a signal response signature for neutrons from a radioactive source, wherein the organic crystal has a length of greater than about 1 mm in one dimension.
摘要翻译： 根据一个实施方案的方法包括从溶液中生长有机晶体，所述有机晶体对来自放射源的中子表现出信号响应特征。 根据一个实施方案的系统包括具有从溶液形成的物理特性的有机晶体，所述有机晶体对来自放射源的中子表现出信号响应特征; 以及用于检测有机晶体的信号响应的光电检测器。 根据另一个实施方案的方法包括从溶液中生长有机晶体，有机晶体足够大以显示来自放射源的中子的可检测的信号响应特征。 根据另一个实施方案的有机晶体包括具有从溶液形成的物理特性的有机晶体，所述有机晶体表现出来自放射源的中子的信号响应特征，其中所述有机晶体在一个维度上具有大于约1mm的长度 。
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38.发明授权Low-phonon-frequency chalcogenide crystalline hosts for rare earth lasers operating beyond three microns 失效用于超过三微米的稀土激光器的低声子频率硫族化物晶体主机
公开(公告)号：US6047013A
公开(公告)日：2000-04-04
申请号：US235650
申请日：1999-01-22
申请人： Stephen A. Payne , Ralph H. Page , Kathleen I. Schaffers , Michael C. Nostrand , William F. Krupke , Peter G. Schunemann
发明人： Stephen A. Payne , Ralph H. Page , Kathleen I. Schaffers , Michael C. Nostrand , William F. Krupke , Peter G. Schunemann
IPC分类号： H01S3/16
CPC分类号： H01S3/16 , H01S3/1603 , H01S3/163
摘要： The invention comprises a RE-doped MA.sub.2 X.sub.4 crystalline gain medium, where M includes a divalent ion such as Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb, Eu, or Yb; A is selected from trivalent ions including Al, Ga, and In; X is one of the chalcogenide ions S, Se, and Te; and RE represents the trivalent rare earth ions. The MA.sub.2 X.sub.4 gain medium can be employed in a laser oscillator or a laser amplifier. Possible pump sources include diode lasers, as well as other laser pump sources. The laser wavelengths generated are greater than 3 microns, as becomes possible because of the low phonon frequency of this host medium. The invention may be used to seed optical devices such as optical parametric oscillators and other lasers.
摘要翻译： 本发明包括RE掺杂的MA2X4晶体增益介质，其中M包括二价离子如Mg，Ca，Sr，Ba，Pb，Eu或Yb; A选自包括Al，Ga和In的三价离子; X是硫属元素离子S，Se和Te之一; RE表示三价稀土离子。 MA2X4增益介质可用于激光振荡器或激光放大器。 可能的泵浦源包括二极管激光器以及其他激光泵源。 所产生的激光波长大于3微米，因为该主机介质的低声子频率是可能的。 本发明可以用于种子光学装置，例如光参量振荡器和其它激光器。
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公开(公告)号：US5517516A
公开(公告)日：1996-05-14
申请号：US184944
申请日：1994-01-21
IPC分类号： H01S3/16
CPC分类号： H01S3/16 , H01S3/1648
摘要： Ce.sup.3+ -doped LiSrAlF.sub.6 crystals are pumped by ultraviolet light which is polarized along the c axis of the crystals to effectively energize the laser system. In one embodiment, the polarized fourth harmonic light output from a conventional Nd:YAG laser operating at 266 nm is arranged to pump Ce:LiSrAlF.sub.6 with the pump light polarized along the c axis of the crystal. The Ce:LiSrAlF.sub.6 crystal may be placed in a laser cavity for generating tunable coherent ultraviolet radiation in the range of 280-320 nm. Additionally, Ce-doped crystals possessing the LiSrAlF.sub.6 type of chemical formula, e.g. Ce-doped LiCaAlF.sub.6 and LiSrGaF.sub.6, can be used. Alternative pump sources include an ultraviolet-capable krypton or argon laser, or ultraviolet emitting flashlamps. The polarization of the pump light will impact operation. The laser system will operate efficiently when light in the 280-320 nm gain region is injected or recirculated in the system such that the beam is also polarized along the c axis of the crystal. The Ce:LiSrAlF.sub.6 laser system can be configured to generate ultrashort pulses, and it may be used to pump other devices, such as an optical parametric oscillator.
摘要翻译： Ce3 +掺杂的LiSrAlF6晶体被沿着晶体的c轴极化的紫外光泵浦，以有效激励激光系统。 在一个实施例中，从266nm工作的常规Nd：YAG激光器输出的偏振四次谐波被布置成泵浦Ce：LiSrAlF6，其中泵浦光沿着晶体的c轴偏振。 Ce：LiSrAlF6晶体可以放置在激光腔中，用于产生280-320nm范围内的可调谐相干紫外线辐射。 另外，Ce掺杂的晶体具有LiSrAlF6类型的化学式，例如。 可以使用Ce掺杂的LiCaAlF6和LiSrGaF6。 替代的泵浦源包括具有紫外线能力的氪或氩激光器或紫外线发射闪光灯。 泵浦光的极化会影响操作。 当280-320纳米增益区域内的光被注入或再循环到系统中时，激光系统将有效地工作，使得光束也沿着晶体的c轴极化。 Ce：LiSrAlF6激光系统可以配置为产生超短脉冲，可用于泵浦其他器件，如光参量振荡器。
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公开(公告)号：US4811349A
公开(公告)日：1989-03-07
申请号：US176014
申请日：1988-03-31
CPC分类号： H01S3/16 , C30B13/00 , C30B29/12 , H01S3/1623 , H01S3/1648
摘要： Chromium doped colquiriite, LiCaAlF.sub.6 :Cr.sup.3+, is useful as a tunable laser crystal that has a high intrinsic slope efficiency, comparable to or exceeding that of alexandrite, the current leading performer of vibronic sideband Cr.sup.3+ lasers. The laser output is tunable from at least 720 nm to 840 nm with a measured slop efficiency of about 60% in a Kr laser pumped laser configuration. The intrinsic slope efficiency (in the limit of large output coupling) may approach the quantum defect limited value of 83%. The high slope efficiency implies that excited state absorption (ESA) is negligible. The potential for efficiency and the tuning range of this material satisfy the requirements for a pump laser for a high density storage medium incorporating Nd.sup.3+ or Tm.sup.3+ for use in a multimegajoule single shot fusion research facility.
摘要翻译： 铬掺杂的氯氰菊酯LiCaAlF6：Cr3 +可用作具有高固有斜率效率的可调谐激光晶体，与目前领先的振动边带Cr3 +激光器的领先业者亚历山大相比或相当。 在Kr激光泵浦激光器配置中，激光输出可以从至少720nm到840nm可调，测量的斜率效率约为60％。 本征斜率效率（大输出耦合极限）可能接近83％的量子缺陷限制值。 高斜率效率意味着激发态吸收（ESA）可以忽略不计。 这种材料的效率和调谐范围的潜力满足了用于在多焦耳单喷射聚变研究设施中使用的Nd3 +或Tm3 +的高密度存储介质的泵浦激光器的要求。
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