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    Ultra-high efficiency alcohol engines using optimized exhaust heat recovery
    31.
    发明授权
    Ultra-high efficiency alcohol engines using optimized exhaust heat recovery 有权
    超高效酒精发动机采用优化的废热回收

    公开(公告)号：US09234482B2

    公开(公告)日：2016-01-12

    申请号：US13952766

    申请日：2013-07-29

    Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    Inventor： Leslie Bromberg ,  Daniel R. Cohn

    IPC: F02M25/00 ,  F02M21/02 ,  F01N5/02 ,  F02M25/12 ,  F02D41/00 ,  F02D19/06 ,  F01K23/06

    CPC classification number: F02M25/00 ,  F01K23/065 ,  F01N5/02 ,  F02D19/0644 ,  F02D19/0655 ,  F02D19/0671 ,  F02D41/0025 ,  F02D41/0027 ,  F02M21/0209 ,  F02M25/12 ,  Y02T10/16 ,  Y02T10/36

    Abstract: Engine system using alcohol Rankine heat recovery where the engine heat converts alcohol into hydrogen-rich gas which is then introduced into the engine cylinders. The engine system includes a source of liquid alcohol along with an internal combustion engine generating a high temperature exhaust. Structure is provided for introducing a first portion of the liquid alcohol into the engine and a series of heat exchangers forming a Rankine heat recovery cycle is provided to extract heat from the exhaust and transferring the heat to a second portion of the liquid alcohol, causing it to change phase to a gaseous alcohol. A heat exchanger/catalyst is heated by the exhaust to reform the gaseous alcohol into a hydrogen-rich reformate.

    Abstract translation: 发动机系统使用酒精兰金热回收，其中发动机将酒精转化为富氢气体，然后将其引入发动机气缸。 发动机系统包括液态醇源以及产生高温排气的内燃机。 提供用于将液态醇的第一部分引入发动机的结构，并且提供形成兰金热回收循环的一系列热交换器以从排气中提取热量并将热量传递到液态醇的第二部分，从而使其 将相变为气态酒精。 热交换器/催化剂被排气加热以将气态醇重整成富氢重整产物。

    FUEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR VARIABLE ETHANOL OCTANE ENHANCEMENT OF GASOLINE ENGINES
    32.
    发明申请
    FUEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR VARIABLE ETHANOL OCTANE ENHANCEMENT OF GASOLINE ENGINES 有权
    燃油管理系统，用于汽油发动机的可变乙醇季铵盐增强

    公开(公告)号：US20140343825A1

    公开(公告)日：2014-11-20

    申请号：US14133974

    申请日：2013-12-19

    Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    Inventor： Daniel R. Cohn ,  Leslie Bromberg ,  John B. Heywood

    IPC: F02D19/08

    CPC classification number: F02D41/0025 ,  F02B7/00 ,  F02B17/00 ,  F02B17/005 ,  F02B47/00 ,  F02B47/04 ,  F02B51/00 ,  F02D19/08 ,  F02D19/081 ,  F02D35/027 ,  F02D41/3094 ,  F02D2041/389 ,  F02D2200/1002 ,  F02M25/00 ,  F02M25/14 ,  F02P5/045 ,  Y02T10/148

    Abstract: Fuel management system for efficient operation of a spark ignition gasoline engine. Injectors inject an anti-knock agent such as ethanol directly into a cylinder of the engine. A fuel management microprocessor system controls injection of the anti-knock agent so as to control knock and minimize that amount of the anti-knock agent that is used in a drive cycle. It is preferred that the anti-knock agent is ethanol. The use of ethanol can be further minimized by injection in a non-uniform manner within a cylinder. The ethanol injection suppresses knock so that higher compression ratio and/or engine downsizing from increased turbocharging or supercharging can be used to increase the efficiency or the engine.

    Abstract translation: 燃油管理系统，用于火花点火汽油机的高效运行。 注射器将诸如乙醇的抗爆剂直接注入发动机气缸。 燃料管理微处理器系统控制防爆剂的注射，以便控制爆震并使在驱动循环中使用的抗爆剂的量最小化。 抗爆剂优选为乙醇。 可以通过在气缸内以非均匀的方式注入来进一步使乙醇的使用最小化。 乙醇注入抑制爆震，从而可以使用增加涡轮增压或增压的较高的压缩比和/或发动机的小型化来提高效率或发动机。

    Reformer Enhanced Alcohol Engine
    33.
    发明申请
    Reformer Enhanced Alcohol Engine 有权
    改进型增强酒精发动机

    公开(公告)号：US20140290596A1

    公开(公告)日：2014-10-02

    申请号：US14350994

    申请日：2012-10-09

    Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    Inventor： Daniel R. Cohn ,  Leslie Bromberg

    IPC: F02B43/04

    CPC classification number: F02B43/04 ,  C01B3/366 ,  C01B2203/1217 ,  F02D19/0655 ,  F02D19/084 ,  Y02T10/32 ,  Y02T10/36

    Abstract: Reformer-enhanced alcohol engine system. The engine system includes a spark-ignited alcohol engine having a compression ratio in the range of 13-15 and includes a turbocharger or supercharger operatively connected to the engine to provide a pressure boost of at least about 2.5 times atmospheric pressure to cylinders of the engine. A source of alcohol is provided for injection into the engine. A reformer is provided including a low-temperature reforming catalyst in a heat transfer relation with exhaust gas from the engine and arranged to receive alcohol from the alcohol source for reforming the alcohol into a hydrogen-rich gas. Means are provided for injecting the hydrogen-rich gas into the engine and a knock sensor detects knock in the engine. A fuel management control unit is provided which is responsive to the knock sensor to apportion the ratio of alcohol injected into the engine to hydrogen-rich gas injected into the engine. The engine of the invention can provide a 15-25% efficiency gain in a methanol-fueled spark ignition engine relative to a diesel engine in a typical drive cycle.

    Abstract translation: 改良型酒精发动机系统。 发动机系统包括具有在13-15范围内的压缩比的火花点燃酒精发动机，并且包括可操作地连接到发动机的涡轮增压器或增压器，以向发动机气缸提供至少大约2.5倍的压力升压 。 提供酒精来源注入发动机。 提供了一种重整器，其包括与来自发动机的排气的传热关系的低温重整催化剂，并且被配置成从醇源接收醇以将醇重整成富氢气体。 提供了用于将富氢气体注入发动机并且爆震传感器检测发动机爆震的装置。 提供了一种燃料管理控制单元，其响应于爆震传感器以将注入发动机的醇的比例分配给注入发动机的富氢气体。 本发明的发动机可以在典型的驱动循环中相对于柴油发动机在甲醇燃料的火花点火发动机中提供15-25％的效率增益。

    Phase-Lock Loop Synchronization Between Beam Orbit And RF Drive In Synchrocyclotrons
    36.
    发明申请
    Phase-Lock Loop Synchronization Between Beam Orbit And RF Drive In Synchrocyclotrons 有权
    射频轨道与射频驱动在同步回旋加速器中的锁相环同步

    公开(公告)号：US20140028220A1

    公开(公告)日：2014-01-30

    申请号：US13949459

    申请日：2013-07-24

    Applicant: Massachusetts Institute Of Technology

    Inventor： Leslie Bromberg ,  Joseph V. Minervini ,  Peisi Le ,  Alexey L. Radovinsky ,  Phillip C. Michael ,  Timothy A. Antaya

    IPC: H05H13/02

    CPC classification number: H05H13/02 ,  H05H7/02 ,  H05H7/10 ,  H05H13/005 ,  H05H2007/025

    Abstract: The invention specifies the use of feedback in the radio frequency (RF) drive for a synchrocyclotron, controlling the phase and/or amplitude of the accelerating field as a means to assure optimal acceleration of the beam, to increase the average beam current and to alter the beam orbit in order to allow appropriate extraction as the beam energy is varied. The effect of space charge is reduced by rapid acceleration and extraction of the beam, and the repetition rate of the pulses can be increased. Several means are presented to monitor the phase of the beam in synchrocyclotrons and to adjust the phase and amplitude of the RF to optimize the acceleration of the beam and to adjust the extraction and injection of the beam. Also, the use of a pulsed ion source that matches the acceptance window of the synchrocyclotron is described.

    Abstract translation: 本发明规定了用于同步回旋加速器的射频（RF）驱动中的反馈的使用，控制加速场的相位和/或振幅作为确保波束的最佳加速度的手段，以增加平均波束电流并改变 光束轨道，以便在波束能量变化时允许适当的提取。 通过快速加速和提取光束来减少空间电荷的影响，并且可以增加脉冲的重复率。 提出了几种手段来监视同步回旋加速器中的波束的相位，并且调整RF的相位和幅度以优化波束的加速度并调整波束的提取和注入。 此外，描述了使用与同步回旋加速器的接受窗口匹配的脉冲离子源。

    Fuel management system for variable ethanol octane enhancement of gasoline engines
    37.
    发明授权
    Fuel management system for variable ethanol octane enhancement of gasoline engines 有权
    汽油发动机可变乙醇辛烷值燃油管理系统

    公开(公告)号：US08522746B2

    公开(公告)日：2013-09-03

    申请号：US13629836

    申请日：2012-09-28

    Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    Inventor： Daniel R. Cohn ,  John B. Heywood ,  Leslie Bromberg

    IPC: F02B7/00

    CPC classification number: F02D41/0025 ,  F02B7/00 ,  F02B17/00 ,  F02B17/005 ,  F02B47/00 ,  F02B47/04 ,  F02B51/00 ,  F02D19/08 ,  F02D19/081 ,  F02D35/027 ,  F02D41/3094 ,  F02D2041/389 ,  F02D2200/1002 ,  F02M25/00 ,  F02M25/14 ,  F02P5/045 ,  Y02T10/148

    Abstract: Fuel management system for efficient operation of a spark ignition gasoline engine. Injectors inject an anti-knock agent such as ethanol directly into a cylinder of the engine. A fuel management microprocessor system controls injection of the anti-knock agent so as to control knock and minimize that amount of the anti-knock agent that is used in a drive cycle. It is preferred that the anti-knock agent is ethanol. The use of ethanol can be further minimized by injection in a non-uniform manner within a cylinder. The ethanol injection suppresses knock so that higher compression ratio and/or engine downsizing from increased turbocharging or supercharging can be used to increase the efficiency of the engine.

    Abstract translation: 燃油管理系统，用于火花点火汽油机的高效运行。 注射器将诸如乙醇的抗爆剂直接注入发动机气缸。 燃料管理微处理器系统控制防爆剂的注射，以便控制爆震并使在驱动循环中使用的抗爆剂的量最小化。 抗爆剂优选为乙醇。 可以通过在气缸内以非均匀的方式注入来进一步使乙醇的使用最小化。 乙醇注入抑制爆震，从而可以使用增加涡轮增压或增压的较高的压缩比和/或发动机的小型化来提高发动机的效率。

    FUEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR VARIABLE ETHANOL OCTANE ENHANCEMENT OF GASOLINE ENGINES
    38.
    发明申请
    FUEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR VARIABLE ETHANOL OCTANE ENHANCEMENT OF GASOLINE ENGINES 有权
    燃油管理系统，用于汽油发动机的可变乙醇季铵盐增强

    公开(公告)号：US20130019839A1

    公开(公告)日：2013-01-24

    申请号：US13629836

    申请日：2012-09-28

    Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    Inventor： Daniel R. Cohn ,  John B. Heywood ,  Leslie Bromberg

    IPC: F02D19/08 ,  F02B3/02

    CPC classification number: F02D41/0025 ,  F02B7/00 ,  F02B17/00 ,  F02B17/005 ,  F02B47/00 ,  F02B47/04 ,  F02B51/00 ,  F02D19/08 ,  F02D19/081 ,  F02D35/027 ,  F02D41/3094 ,  F02D2041/389 ,  F02D2200/1002 ,  F02M25/00 ,  F02M25/14 ,  F02P5/045 ,  Y02T10/148

    Abstract: Fuel management system for efficient operation of a spark ignition gasoline engine. Injectors inject an anti-knock agent such as ethanol directly into a cylinder of the engine. A fuel management microprocessor system controls injection of the anti-knock agent so as to control knock and minimize that amount of the anti-knock agent that is used in a drive cycle. It is preferred that the anti-knock agent is ethanol. The use of ethanol can be further minimized by injection in a non-uniform manner within a cylinder. The ethanol injection suppresses knock so that higher compression ratio and/or engine downsizing from increased tubocharging or supercharging can be used to increase the efficiency of the engine.

    Abstract translation: 燃油管理系统，用于火花点火汽油机的高效运行。 注射器将诸如乙醇的抗爆剂直接注入发动机气缸。 燃料管理微处理器系统控制防爆剂的注射，以便控制爆震并使在驱动循环中使用的抗爆剂的量最小化。 抗爆剂优选为乙醇。 可以通过在气缸内以非均匀的方式注入来进一步使乙醇的使用最小化。 乙醇注入抑制爆震，从而可以使用增加涡轮增压或增压的较高的压缩比和/或发动机的小型化来提高发动机的效率。

    Control Of Power Producing Engine In A Biomass Conversion System
    40.
    发明申请
    Control Of Power Producing Engine In A Biomass Conversion System 有权

    公开(公告)号：US20230038264A1

    公开(公告)日：2023-02-09

    申请号：US17792825

    申请日：2020-08-13

    Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    Inventor： Leslie Bromberg ,  Emmanouil Kasseris ,  Yu Chen

    IPC: C10J3/72 ,  F02B43/08

    Abstract: A biomass conversion system is disclosed. The system comprises a syngas generator, a cleanup engine and a power producing engine. The power producing engine is coupled to a load, such as an electrical generator. Methods of controlling the power producing engine in response to changes in load are disclosed. In certain embodiments, the air-to-fuel ratio, spark timing, and/or recirculation gases are varied to change the power of the power producing engine. In other embodiments, the power producing engine is throttled by limiting the amount of clean syngas that enters the engine.

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