公开(公告)号：US11643983B2

公开(公告)日：2023-05-09

申请号：US17574057

申请日：2022-01-12

Applicant: Massachusetts Institute Of Technology

Inventor： Daniel R. Cohn ,  Leslie Bromberg

IPC: F02D19/12 ,  B60W10/06 ,  B60W10/10 ,  F02D19/06 ,  B60K6/24 ,  B60K6/46 ,  B60W10/08 ,  B60W10/26 ,  B60W30/188 ,  F02B19/12 ,  F02D15/00 ,  F02D19/08 ,  F02D29/02 ,  F02D41/00 ,  F02M25/025 ,  F02N11/08

CPC classification number: F02D19/0615 ,  B60K6/24 ,  B60K6/46 ,  B60W10/06 ,  B60W10/08 ,  B60W10/10 ,  B60W10/26 ,  B60W30/188 ,  F02B19/12 ,  F02D15/00 ,  F02D19/0655 ,  F02D19/08 ,  F02D19/12 ,  F02D29/02 ,  F02D41/0025 ,  F02M25/025 ,  F02N11/0862 ,  B60W2510/0638 ,  B60W2510/0666 ,  B60W2510/08 ,  B60W2520/28 ,  B60W2710/06 ,  B60W2710/0616 ,  B60W2710/0644 ,  B60W2710/0677 ,  B60W2710/1005 ,  B60W2710/242 ,  B60Y2200/92

Abstract: Spark ignition engine operation at higher RPM so as to reduce alcohol requirements in high efficiency alcohol enhanced gasoline engines is disclosed. Control of engine upspeeding (use of a higher ratio of engine RPM to wheel RPM) so as to achieve an alcohol reduction objective while limiting any decrease in efficiency is described. High RPM alcohol enhanced gasoline engine operation in plug-in series hybrid powertrains for heavy duty trucks and other vehicles is also described.

公开(公告)号：US20230039174A1

公开(公告)日：2023-02-09

申请号：US17792827

申请日：2020-08-13

Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Inventor： Leslie Bromberg ,  Emmanouil Kasseris ,  Yu Chen

IPC: C10K1/02 ,  C10K1/00 ,  G05B15/02

Abstract: A biomass conversion system is disclosed. The system comprises a syngas generator, a cleanup engine and a power producing engine. The power producing engine is coupled to a load, such as an electrical generator. Modifications to the cleanup engine to enhance performance are described. Additionally, methods of controlling the cleanup engine in response to changes in load are disclosed. In certain embodiments, the air-to-fuel ratio, and/or recirculation gases are varied. In other embodiments, a chemical synthesis reactor may be coupled to the output of the cleanup engine.

公开(公告)号：US20220412252A1

公开(公告)日：2022-12-29

申请号：US17777750

申请日：2020-08-13

Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Inventor： Leslie Bromberg ,  Emmanouil Kasseris ,  Yu Chen

IPC: F02B43/08 ,  F02D19/04 ,  F02D41/00 ,  F02B63/04 ,  F23G7/08 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10J3/72

Abstract: An integrated biomass conversion system and a method of starting and shutting down the system are disclosed. The integrated biomass conversion system comprises a syngas generator, such as a gasifier, a cleanup engine and a syngas utilization system, which could be a power producing engine or a chemical reactor for chemical or fuel synthesis. The cleanup engine operates rich and at high temperatures so that the tars exhausted by the syngas generators are destroyed and not allowed to foul other components. An orderly sequence to start and shut down the integrated biomass conversion system is disclosed.

公开(公告)号：US11236279B2

公开(公告)日：2022-02-01

申请号：US16471077

申请日：2017-12-20

Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Inventor： Emmanouil Kasseris ,  Leslie Bromberg

IPC: C10K3/00 ,  C10L1/02 ,  F02B43/08 ,  F23G5/027

Abstract: Internal combustion engines tolerant to tar-containing producer gas are disclosed. Two concepts are described. The engines are tolerant to producer gas from a biomass gasifier with minimal pretreatment. When biomass is gasified to be burned for power generation or to be used to synthesize chemicals such as biofuels, a large fraction of the installation cost is spent on equipment to clean up the heavy organic components (also referred to as ‘tars’) from the gas stream, hereafter referred to as ‘producer gas’. The invention described herein may be used to enable power generation from gasified biomass with minimal treatment. It may also be used to treat biomass at a very low cost for other uses such as synthesizing chemicals. The producer gas is not necessarily limited to biomass derived. Producer gas derived from coal or other sources has similar issues and the invention described herein would be equally applicable.

公开(公告)号：US20190309697A1

公开(公告)日：2019-10-10

申请号：US16424471

申请日：2019-05-28

Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Inventor： Daniel R. Cohn ,  John B. Heywood ,  Leslie Bromberg

IPC: F02D41/00 ,  F02P5/04 ,  F02M25/00 ,  F02B51/00 ,  F02M25/14 ,  F02D41/30 ,  F02D35/02 ,  F02B17/00 ,  F02D19/08 ,  F02B47/04 ,  F02B47/00 ,  F02B7/00

Abstract: Fuel management system for efficient operation of a spark ignition gasoline engine. Injectors inject an anti-knock agent such as ethanol directly into a cylinder of the engine. A fuel management microprocessor system controls injection of the anti-knock agent so as to control knock and minimize that amount of the anti-knock agent that is used in a drive cycle. It is preferred that the anti-knock agent is ethanol. The use of ethanol can be further minimized by injection in a non-uniform manner within a cylinder. The ethanol injection suppresses knock so that higher compression ratio and/or engine downsizing from increased turbocharging or supercharging can be used to increase the efficiency or the engine.

公开(公告)号：US09603235B2

公开(公告)日：2017-03-21

申请号：US13949459

申请日：2013-07-24

Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Inventor： Leslie Bromberg ,  Joseph V. Minervini ,  Alexey L. Radovinsky ,  Philip C. Michael

IPC: H05H13/02 ,  H05H7/10 ,  H05H7/02 ,  H05H13/00

CPC classification number: H05H13/02 ,  H05H7/02 ,  H05H7/10 ,  H05H13/005 ,  H05H2007/025

Abstract: The invention specifies the use of feedback in the radio frequency (RF) drive for a synchrocyclotron, controlling the phase and/or amplitude of the accelerating field as a means to assure optimal acceleration of the beam, to increase the average beam current and to alter the beam orbit in order to allow appropriate extraction as the beam energy is varied. The effect of space charge is reduced by rapid acceleration and extraction of the beam, and the repetition rate of the pulses can be increased. Several means are presented to monitor the phase of the beam in synchrocyclotrons and to adjust the phase and amplitude of the RF to optimize the acceleration of the beam and to adjust the extraction and injection of the beam. Also, the use of a pulsed ion source that matches the acceptance window of the synchrocyclotron is described.

公开(公告)号：US08997711B2

公开(公告)日：2015-04-07

申请号：US14133974

申请日：2013-12-19

Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Inventor： Daniel R. Cohn ,  Leslie Bromberg ,  John B. Heywood

IPC: F02D41/30 ,  F02D19/00 ,  F02B47/04 ,  F02B51/00 ,  F02D41/00 ,  F02M25/14 ,  F02D19/08 ,  F02B17/00 ,  F02B7/00 ,  F02B47/00 ,  F02M25/00

CPC classification number: F02D41/0025 ,  F02B7/00 ,  F02B17/00 ,  F02B17/005 ,  F02B47/00 ,  F02B47/04 ,  F02B51/00 ,  F02D19/08 ,  F02D19/081 ,  F02D35/027 ,  F02D41/3094 ,  F02D2041/389 ,  F02D2200/1002 ,  F02M25/00 ,  F02M25/14 ,  F02P5/045 ,  Y02T10/148

Abstract: Fuel management system for efficient operation of a spark ignition gasoline engine. Injectors inject an anti-knock agent such as ethanol directly into a cylinder of the engine. A fuel management microprocessor system controls injection of the anti-knock agent so as to control knock and minimize that amount of the anti-knock agent that is used in a drive cycle. It is preferred that the anti-knock agent is ethanol. The use of ethanol can be further minimized by injection in a non-uniform manner within a cylinder. The ethanol injection suppresses knock so that higher compression ratio and/or engine downsizing from increased turbocharging or supercharging can be used to increase the efficiency or the engine.

Abstract translation: 燃油管理系统，用于火花点火汽油机的高效运行。 注射器将诸如乙醇的抗爆剂直接注入发动机气缸。 燃料管理微处理器系统控制防爆剂的注射，以便控制爆震并使在驱动循环中使用的抗爆剂的量最小化。 抗爆剂优选为乙醇。 可以通过在气缸内以非均匀的方式注入来进一步使乙醇的使用最小化。 乙醇注入抑制爆震，从而可以使用增加涡轮增压或增压的较高的压缩比和/或发动机的小型化来提高效率或发动机。

公开(公告)号：US08733321B2

公开(公告)日：2014-05-27

申请号：US13956498

申请日：2013-08-01

Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Inventor： Daniel R. Cohn ,  John B. Heywood ,  Leslie Bromberg

IPC: F02M25/14 ,  F02B47/00

CPC classification number: F02D41/0025 ,  F02B7/00 ,  F02B17/00 ,  F02B17/005 ,  F02B47/00 ,  F02B47/04 ,  F02B51/00 ,  F02D19/08 ,  F02D19/081 ,  F02D35/027 ,  F02D41/3094 ,  F02D2041/389 ,  F02D2200/1002 ,  F02M25/00 ,  F02M25/14 ,  F02P5/045 ,  Y02T10/148

Abstract: Fuel management system for efficient operation of a spark ignition gasoline engine. Injectors inject an anti-knock agent such as ethanol directly into a cylinder of the engine. A fuel management microprocessor system controls injection of the anti-knock agent so as to control knock and minimize that amount of the anti-knock agent that is used in a drive cycle. It is preferred that the anti-knock agent is ethanol. The use of ethanol can be further minimized by injection in a non-uniform manner within a cylinder. The ethanol injection suppresses knock so that higher compression ratio and/or engine downsizing from increased turbocharging or supercharging can be used to increase the efficiency of the engine.

公开(公告)号：US20140034002A1

公开(公告)日：2014-02-06

申请号：US13952766

申请日：2013-07-29

Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Inventor： Leslie Bromberg ,  Daniel R. Cohn

IPC: F02M25/00

CPC classification number: F02M25/00 ,  F01K23/065 ,  F01N5/02 ,  F02D19/0644 ,  F02D19/0655 ,  F02D19/0671 ,  F02D41/0025 ,  F02D41/0027 ,  F02M21/0209 ,  F02M25/12 ,  Y02T10/16 ,  Y02T10/36

Abstract: Engine system using alcohol Rankine heat recovery where the engine heat converts alcohol into hydrogen-rich gas which is then introduced into the engine cylinders. The engine system includes a source of liquid alcohol along with an internal combustion engine generating a high-temperature exhaust. Structure is provided for introducing a first portion of the liquid alcohol into the engine and a series of heat exchangers forming a Rankine heat recovery cycle is provided to extract heat from the exhaust and transferring the heat to a second portion of the liquid alcohol, causing it to change phase to a gaseous alcohol. A heat exchanger/catalyst is heated by the exhaust to reform the gaseous alcohol into a hydrogen-rich reformate. Valve structure rapidly introduces the reformate into the engine for combustion and a control system is provided for controlling the ratio of the first and second portions of the liquid alcohol to maximize the amount of the second portion of the liquid alcohol while using a minimum amount of the first portion needed to prevent knock. The heat recovery system uses metallic foams on fins heat exchangers.

Abstract translation: 发动机系统使用酒精兰金热回收，其中发动机将酒精转化为富氢气体，然后将其引入发动机气缸。 发动机系统包括液态醇源以及产生高温排气的内燃机。 提供用于将液态醇的第一部分引入发动机的结构，并且提供形成兰金热回收循环的一系列热交换器以从排气中提取热量并将热量传递到液态醇的第二部分，从而使其 将相变为气态酒精。 热交换器/催化剂被排气加热以将气态醇重整成富氢重整产物。 阀结构将重整产品快速引入燃烧用发动机，并提供控制系统以控制液体醇的第一和第二部分的比例，以使液体酒精的第二部分的量最大化，同时使用最小量的 第一部分需要防止爆震。 热回收系统在翅片热交换器上使用金属泡沫。

公开(公告)号：US20220243644A1

公开(公告)日：2022-08-04

申请号：US17728242

申请日：2022-04-25

Applicant: Massachusetts Institute Of Technology

Inventor： Leslie Bromberg ,  Daniel R. Cohn

IPC: F02B19/12 ,  F02D19/08

Abstract: Optimized alcohol and plasma enhanced prechambers for engines powered by gasoline and other fuels are used to increase the range of prechamber operation and to reduce soot. The increased prechamber capability is employed to extend the limit of lean operation of the engines. It can also be used to extend the limit of heavy EGR operation and to enable higher RPM operation. The amount of alcohol used in the prechamber is preferably less than 2% of the fuel that is used in the engine cylinder. The alcohol for the prechamber can be entirely provided by onboard separation from a gasoline-alcohol fuel mixture.