PVD Al2O3 coated cutting tool
    31.
    发明授权
    PVD Al2O3 coated cutting tool 有权
    PVD Al2O3涂层切割工具

    公开(公告)号:US06210726B1

    公开(公告)日:2001-04-03

    申请号:US09187006

    申请日:1998-11-06

    IPC分类号: B32B702

    摘要: The present invention describes a coated cutting tool for metal machining. The coating is formed by one or more layers of a refractory compound of which at least one layer of fine-grained, crystalline &ggr;-phase alumina, Al2O3, with a grain size of less than 0.1 &mgr;m. The Al2O3 layer is deposited with a bipolar pulsed DMS technique (Dual Magnetron Sputtering) at substrate temperatures in the range 450° C. to 700° C., preferably 550° C. to 650° C., depending on the particular material of the tool body to be coated. Identification of the &ggr;-phase alumina is made by X-ray diffraction. Reflexes from the (400) and (440) planes occurring at the 2&thgr;-angles 45.8 and 66.8 degrees when using Cu&kgr;&agr; radiation identify the &ggr;-phase Al2O3. The alumina layer is also very strongly textured in the [(440)]-direction. The Al2O3 layer is virtually free of cracks and halogen impurities. Furthermore, the Al2O3 layer gives the cutting edge of the tool an extremely smooth surface finish.

    摘要翻译: 本发明描述了一种用于金属加工的涂层切割工具。 该涂层由一层或多层难熔化合物形成,其中至少一层细粒结晶的γ相氧化铝Al 2 O 3具有小于0.1μm的粒度。 在二氧化硅脉冲DMS技术(双重磁控管溅射)中,在450℃至700℃,优选550℃至650℃的范围内的衬底温度下沉积Al 2 O 3层,具体取决于 待涂层的工具体。 通过X射线衍射鉴定γ相氧化铝。 当使用Cukappaalpha辐射时,在2θ角45.8°和66.8°处发生的(400)和(440)平面的反射识别γ相Al 2 O 3。 氧化铝层在[(440)]方向上也非常强烈地纹理化。 Al2O3层实际上没有裂纹和卤素杂质。 此外,Al2O3层使刀具的切削刃具有非常光滑的表面光洁度。

    Plain bearing
    32.
    发明授权
    Plain bearing 失效
    平面轴承

    公开(公告)号:US6146019A

    公开(公告)日:2000-11-14

    申请号:US322584

    申请日:1999-05-28

    摘要: A plain bearing is described, the overlay (3) of which exhibits properties which are markedly improved with regard to wear resistance in comparison with overlays applied by electroplating and conventional electron beam vapor deposition methods. The surface of the overlay (3) comprises round raised portions (4) and depressed portions (6), wherein, in relation to the horizontal section plane (7), the raised portions (4) cover a proportion of the surface area amounting to 30% to 50%, based on the entire surface area of the plain bearing, the section plane (7) being at a height at which the total proportion of the surface area consisting of the raised portions (4), and obtained in vertical section, is equal to the total corresponding proportion consisting of the depressed portions (6). The round raised portions exhibit a diameter D of 3 to 8 .mu.m, in plan view, wherein, in the case of raised portions (4) and depressed portions (6) which in plan view are not circular, this value relates to the maximum diameter. The surface exhibits a roughness of R.sub.z =3 to 7 .mu.m. The method of producing such plain bearings is based on electron beam vapour deposition, wherein a backing member with a roughness of R.sub.z .ltoreq.2 .mu.m is used and vapor deposition of the overlay is effected at a pressure

    摘要翻译: 描述了滑动轴承,其覆盖层(3)与通过电镀和常规电子束气相沉积方法施加的覆盖层相比具有显着改善的耐磨性性能。 覆盖层(3)的表面包括圆形凸起部分(4)和凹陷部分(6),其中相对于水平截面(7),凸起部分(4)覆盖一定比例的表面积 30%至50%,基于滑动轴承的整个表面积,截面(7)处于由凸起部分(4)组成的表面积的总比例并且在垂直截面中获得的高度 等于由凹陷部分(6)组成的总相应比例。 圆形隆起部分在平面图中呈现出3至8μm的直径D,其中在俯视图中不是圆形的凸起部分(4)和凹陷部分(6)的情况下,该值与最大值 直径。 表面粗糙度Rz = 3〜7μm。 制造这种滑动轴承的方法是基于电子束气相沉积,其中使用Rz≤2μm的粗糙度的背衬构件,并且在压力<0.1Pa下进行覆盖层的气相沉积。

    Concave sliding element and production process therefor
    33.
    发明授权
    Concave sliding element and production process therefor 失效
    凹形滑动元件及其生产工艺

    公开(公告)号:US5955202A

    公开(公告)日:1999-09-21

    申请号:US945247

    申请日:1997-10-20

    摘要: A curved sliding element for a plain bearing and a method of producing same. The sliding element includes a generally semi-circular backing member having a central apex and a concave surface. At least one, and preferably two, intermediate layers are applied to the concave surface of the backing member. A dispersion alloy overlay is applied to the exposed intermediate layer using an electron beam vaporizer. The electron beam vaporizer evenly deposits the dispersion alloy over an angular segment, approximately 70.degree. on either side of the apex, in a such controlled manner that the thickness of the overlay deviates less than 15% across the entire angular segment. The vaporizer is moved during the overlay deposition in a linear path relative to the backing member while maintaining the distance from the linear path of the vaporizer to the apex between 150 to 350 mm. The relative speed between the vaporizer and the backing member can be varied to enhance deposition characteristics, such as by reducing the speed as the backing member nears the vaporizer and increasing the speed as the backing member moves away from the vaporizer. It may also be beneficial to position a screen between the linear path and the backing member. The screen includes a face presented toward the vaporizer which is maintained at a temperature above the melting point of the dispersion alloy.

    摘要翻译: PCT No.PCT / DE96 / 00729 Sec。 371日期:1997年10月20日 102(e)1997年10月20日PCT PCT 1996年4月19日PCT公布。 出版物WO96 / 33352 日期1996年10月24日用于滑动轴承的弯曲滑动元件及其制造方法。 滑动元件包括具有中心顶点和凹面的大致半圆形背衬构件。 至少一个,优选两个中间层施加到背衬构件的凹面上。 使用电子束蒸发器将分散合金覆盖层施加到暴露的中间层。 电子束蒸发器以这种受控的方式将分散合金均匀地沉积在顶点的任一侧上的角度段上约70°的角分段,使得覆盖层的厚度在整个角度段上偏离小于15%。 在覆盖沉积期间,蒸发器相对于背衬构件以线性路径移动,同时保持从蒸发器的线性路径到150至350mm之间的顶点的距离。 可以改变蒸发器和背衬构件之间的相对速度以增强沉积特性,例如通过当背衬构件靠近蒸发器时降低速度并且当背衬构件远离蒸发器移动时增加速度。 将屏幕定位在线性路径和背衬构件之间也可能是有益的。 屏幕包括朝向蒸发器呈现的面,其保持在高于分散合金熔点的温度。

    Method for plasma-assisted reactive electron beam vaporization
    35.
    发明授权
    Method for plasma-assisted reactive electron beam vaporization 失效
    等离子体辅助反应电子束蒸发的方法

    公开(公告)号:US5614248A

    公开(公告)日:1997-03-25

    申请号:US424418

    申请日:1995-05-30

    CPC分类号: C23C14/54 C23C14/0021

    摘要: Certain non-optical characteristics and, in particular, mechanical characteristics are not measurable in situ in the industrial production of layers using plasma-assisted reactive electron beam vaporization, particularly if high demands are made on the hardness, wear resistance and barrier action, so as to be able to reproducibly apply the layers. The values of the optical layer characteristics are to be used as a control signal. In this method, immediately after the substrate has passed through the vaporizing zone, the reflection and/or transmission and absorption capacity are measured in the wavelength range .DELTA..sub.k =150 to 800 nm and from this are determined the refractive index and optical absorption coefficient. These determined values are compared with an experimentally determined desired value. A control signal obtained therefrom, in the case of a constant reactive gas partial pressure, controls the plasma and maintains constant the optical characteristics of the layer. The method is used in the vapor-deposition of wear-resistance, hard layers or barrier layers, e.g. of metal oxide on glass, plastic and other materials, e.g. in the building industry for facade glass and in the packaging industry.

    摘要翻译: PCT No.PCT / DE93 / 00748 Sec。 371日期:1995年5月30日 102(e)日期1995年5月30日PCT提交1993年8月18日PCT公布。 公开号WO94 / 10356 日期1994年5月11日具有非光学特性,特别是在使用等离子体辅助的反应电子束蒸发的工业生产中不能测量机械特性,特别是如果对硬度,耐磨性和阻挡层有高要求 动作,以便能够可重复地应用层。 光层特性的值被用作控制信号。 在该方法中,在基板通过蒸发区之后,在DELTA k = 150〜800nm的波长范围内测定反射和/或透射吸收能力,由此确定折射率和光吸收系数。 将这些确定的值与实验确定的期望值进行比较。 在恒定的反应气体分压的情况下,从其获得的控制信号控制等离子体并保持该层的光学特性恒定。 该方法用于耐磨性,硬质层或阻挡层的气相沉积,例如, 玻璃,塑料和其他材料上的金属氧化物,例如。 在建筑行业的立面玻璃和包装行业。

    Device for the vacuum coating of mass produced products
    36.
    发明授权
    Device for the vacuum coating of mass produced products 失效
    大量生产产品的真空镀膜装置

    公开(公告)号:US5470388A

    公开(公告)日:1995-11-28

    申请号:US307663

    申请日:1994-11-23

    CPC分类号: C23C14/223 C23C14/22

    摘要: Device for the vacuum coating of mass produced products. By means of the ice small parts, such as screws and bolts, as mass produced products are highly productively coated by vacuum deposition or sputtering, also under plasma action. In a container is located a drum rotatable at high speed about its horizontal axis and in which the parts to be coated are fixed to the inner wall by centrifugal force. The surface of the inner wall is geometrically constructed such that the parts to be coated are reliably held and moved with it. The coating devices are located in the drum. A stripping device, whose spacing with respect to the inner wall is adjustable at programmable time intervals, is located in the drum and has an abutment surface directed opposite to the rotation direction.

    摘要翻译: PCT No.PCT / DE93 / 00201 Sec。 371日期1994年11月23日 102(e)日期1994年11月23日PCT 1993年3月3日PCT公布。 出版物WO93 / 19217 日期1993年9月30日。批量生产产品的真空镀膜设备。 通过设备的小部件,例如螺钉和螺栓,通过真空沉积或溅射也可以在等离子体作用下大量生产大量生产的产品。 在容器中设置有以其高度绕其水平轴线可高速旋转的滚筒,其中待涂覆的部件通过离心力固定在内壁上。 内壁的表面是几何构造的,使得待涂覆的部件被可靠地保持和移动。 涂层装置位于滚筒中。 相对于内壁的间隔可以以可编程的时间间隔调节的剥离装置位于滚筒中并且具有与旋转方向相反的抵接表面。