摘要:
A contamination-resistant sensor element and methods for making the same are provided. A sensor element may include a contamination-resistant coating on at least a portion thereof. The coating may comprise gamma-delta alumina and lithium oxide and may have a thickness of about 100 to about 600 microns and a porosity of about 20 to about 70 percent. The method may include using gamma-delta alumina and lithium oxide to form a mixture, applying the mixture to at least a portion of a sensor element, and temperature treated the mixture to form a contamination-resistant coating on the surface of the measuring cell.
摘要:
A method of manufacturing an exhaust gas sensor includes providing a sensor element having an open end, a closed end, and an inner surface defining a chamber between the open and closed ends. The method further includes inserting a nozzle into the chamber, supplying an electrode material to the nozzle, and without substantially any relative movement between the nozzle and the sensor element, atomizing the electrode material to form a mist of electrode material that substantially surrounds the tip of the nozzle and deposits onto the inner surface of the sensor element to form an inner electrode.
摘要:
A chronograph has a clock movement for driving a second chronograph hand and a minute chronograph hand and a control apparatus for stopping the second chronograph hand and the minute chronograph hand and for setting in motion a rattrapante mechanism of a second rattrapante indicator and a minute rattrapante indicator. The rattrapante mechanism has a common trip element for starting and stopping the second rattrapante indicator and the minute rattrapante indicator. A catch is triggered by the common trip element for engaging or disengaging from a ratchet recess of a plurality of ratchet recesses that are distributed evenly on the periphery of a minute rattrapante wheel. The minute rattrapante wheel is connected to a minute rattrapante shaft of a minute rattrapante indicator. The number of ratchet recesses on the minute rattrapante wheel corresponds to the number of increments of the minute chronograph hand per revolution.
摘要:
A method for correcting local loading-effects in photomask etching includes the steps of determining the location-dependent density of structures of a mask; determining the location-dependent strength of the loading effect with the aid of the structure density; and determining location-dependent correction values for the mask structures with the aid of the strength of the loading effect for the purpose of compensating the loading effect. It is recognized that the strength of location-dependent loading effects can be predicted with the aid of the location-dependent structure density and therefore compensated.
摘要:
A system of fastening a flywheel on an output end of a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine, the flywheel being combined into a single component with a clutch plate unit and a clutch disc. The fastening can be achieved with essentially axial joint surfaces on the output end on one hand, and on the flywheel on the other hand, wherein the joint surfaces are designed as tapered or cylindrical surfaces which are self-locking in the axial direction.
摘要:
Embodiments of the invention describe a method for exposing an area on a substrate to a beam. The method includes adjusting a focus offset of the beam with respect to the area on the substrate, tilting the beam or tilting the substrate, and exposing the area on the substrate with the beam, thereby generating locations within the area exposed with different foci. Furthermore embodiments describe computer programs for controlling a photolithographic system to do the same and a photolithographic system for doing the same.
摘要:
A method and device for switching over in a memory for a control device, a first storage area in the control unit being overlaid by a second storage area; the second storage area including at least one memory page, and each of the memory pages being able to overlay the first storage area; switching over being able to be performed between the memory pages and the overlaying being able to be switched on/switched off, and the switching over of the memory pages and the switching on/switching off of the overlaying of the second storage area being automatically carried out and/or triggered by the software of the control unit.
摘要:
A watch with a drive by which a gear train of a digital display having one or more number disks driven in rotation in cyclical steps and a manually actuatable disk adjusting mechanism. A drive wheel is advanced rotationally in steps by the drive of the watch and rotationally blocked between the steps. A unit wheel of a unit number disk can be rotationally advanced at ten steps per revolution. A stepping device, driven by the unit wheel drives a tens number disk rotationally at six steps per revolution. An hours number disk, is rotationally advanced directly or indirectly by the tens number disk at twelve steps per revolution during one revolution of the tens number disk.
摘要:
In an embodiment, a method includes retrieving a layout of an integrated circuit design from a non-transitory computer readable medium, identifying a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) structure in the layout, identifying a current injection site in the layout, and determining if a distance between the identified current injection site and the identified SCR structure is less than a first threshold. A violation is flagged if the determined distance is less than the first threshold.
摘要:
The invention relates to an exhaust gas probe (120) for measuring properties of the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines, wherein at least one data storage unit (135) is arranged in a circuit associated with the probe, in particular arranged in a probe plug (130) or a connecting element associated therewith. The following properties and/or adaption functions characterizing the probe (120) are stored or storable in said data storage unit:—fluctuations of heating resistances that are due to the production process and/or—parameters that characterize the aging of the probe (120), and/or—the shut-off state, in particular data that characterize the execution of an interval measurement for regenerating the exhaust gas probe or of a delayed shut-off and/or—data for adapting the probe (120) to different control devices (140) of internal combustion engines and/or—the number of operating hours of the probe and/or—the operating parameters of the probe in a previous specifiable time period.