摘要:
It is an object of this invention to restrain blow-by gas from reaching a catalyst during fuel cutoff, and protect the catalyst while coping with an increase in oil dilution amount resulting from the use of alcohol fuel, in an internal combustion engine that uses the alcohol fuel. An engine is equipped with a PCV mechanism that introduces blow-by gas in a crankcase into an intake system. Besides, when fuel cutoff is executed with the PCV mechanism in operation, an opening degree of a throttle valve during fuel cutoff is set on the basis of an oil dilution amount in lubricating oil. Thus, the throttle opening degree during fuel cutoff is adjusted in accordance with a generation amount of blow-by gas, so that an intake negative pressure can be appropriately reduced. Accordingly, during fuel cutoff, the amount of blow-by gas that is sucked out from the crankcase due to the intake negative pressure and introduced into the intake system can be held small.
摘要:
When alcohol-blended fuel is supplied to an internal-combustion engine, the magnitude of alcohol concentration (more particularly, ethanol concentration Cetha) is judged (Step 1005) and, based on this judgment, the magnitude of operational status temperature (more particularly, cooling water temperature THW) is judged (Step 1015). Then, when the alcohol concentration is large and the operational status temperature is low, generation of an intermediate product which is an oxide of alcohol contained in the alcohol-blended fuel in an unburnt state after main injection and alcohol contained in the alcohol-blended fuel in an unburnt state after post injection (more particularly, aldehyde) is promoted, and the generated intermediate product is trapped in an intake passage by making an intake valve into an opened state in an exhaust stroke of the internal-combustion engine (Step 1055).
摘要:
Provided are a fluorine-containing (meth)acrylic (co)polymer that scarcely generates gas when subjected to molding process, and is capable of supplying a molded body excellent in external appearance and transparency; a fluorine-containing (meth)acrylic resin film thereof; and a fluororesin laminated resin film having the same properties. The (co)polymer is a fluorine-containing (meth)acrylic (co)polymer obtained by polymerizing a monomer component including 100 to 70% by weight of a fluoroalkyl(meth)acrylate monomer, and 0 to 30% by weight of a different monomer copolymerizable therewith by effect of a radical polymerization initiator having a solubility in water of 0.1% or less by weight at 25 C, and having 8 to 14 carbon atoms.
摘要:
The present invention provides a DA converter that gives good linearity of output voltage of an IV conversion amplifier, and improves THD characteristics. In the DA converter, a current path x1 in which current flows due to differential switches being in the ON state in a differential switch section and a current path y1 in which current flows due to differential switches being in the OFF state in the differential switch section are connected to the output side of the IV conversion amplifier. A current Ix flows in the current path x1 and a current Iy flows in the current path y1. A current Ix+Iy of fixed current amount is drawn by an amplifier stage of the IV conversion amplifier.