摘要:
A control system for an automatic transmission having a hydraulic power transmission for transmitting the rotation of an engine to a gear shifter; a clutch to be applied, when a forward drive range is selected, for connecting the hydraulic power transmission and the gear shifter to one another; a one-way clutch to be locked, when the clutch is applied, for establishing a first forward speed of the gear shifter; a brake for locking the one-way clutch, when applied, to block the backward rotation of the output shaft of the gear shifter; a first hydraulic servo for applying the clutch when fed with an oil pressure; a second hydraulic servo for applying the brake when fed with an oil pressure; a stopping state detector that detects the stopping state of a vehicle by determining the vehicle speed is substantially 0, the accelerator pedal is in a released state and the foot brake pedal is depressed; a gradient detector that detects the gradient load of an uphill, as applied to the vehicle; and a controller that controls the oil pressure to be fed to the first and second hydraulic servos on the basis of the signals from the stopping state detector and the gradient detector. The controller includes a decision maker that determines whether the road is uphill, on the basis of the signal from the gradient detector; a pressure reducing device that reduces the oil pressure to be fed to the first hydraulic servo, to bring the clutch into a substantially released state; a feed device that feeds an oil pressure, as regulated on the basis of the gradient detector, to the second hydraulic servo, to apply the brake at an engaging extent according to the gradient load; and a device for executing the reduction of the feed oil pressure to the first hydraulic servo by the pressure reducer and the feed of the regulated oil pressure to the second hydraulic servo by the oil pressure feeder, if it is detected by the stopping state detector that the vehicle is in the stopping state and if it is determined by the decision maker that the road is uphill.
摘要:
A method is provided for the control of servo hydraulic pressure in an automatic transmission. Servo hydraulic pressure is adapted to engage or release first and second frictional engagement elements arranged in such a relationship that, upon shifting from one particular speed stage to another, one of the first and second frictional engagement elements is released while the other is engaged. The servo hydraulic pressure, engaging one frictional engagement element, is linearly lowered in a torque phase during a shift so it releases the one frictional engagement element, responsive to a rise in the servo hydraulic pressure to the frictional engagement element to be engaged, to maintain an inversely proportional relationship between the servo hydraulic pressure being raised and that being released.
摘要:
An isobutylene polymer having an unsaturated group and comprising more than one unit per molecule on the average of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are the same or different and each a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl group, R' and R" are the same or different and each a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group, and Q is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 divalent organic group, which provides a cured material having improved weather resistance.
摘要:
A thermal diffuser includes a plurality of thermally-conductive plates, each of which has a strip-like shape. The plurality of thermally-conductive plates is laminated onto one another in a plate-thickness direction of the strip-like shape to form a laminated body. Each of the plurality of thermally-conductive plates has thermal conductivities in a longitudinal direction and in a width direction of the strip-like shape better than a thermal conductivity in the plate-thickness direction. The thermally-conductive plates has sides, each of which extends in the longitudinal direction. The laminated body is formed such that the sides of the thermally-conductive plates form a plate surface of the laminated body, which surface extends in the plate-thickness direction that serves as a lamination direction, in which the thermally-conductive plates of the laminated body are laminated. A direction perpendicular to the plate surface corresponds to a thickness direction of the laminated body.
摘要:
4-Cyanocoumarin derivatives which have a distinct sensitivity to visible light, distinct luminescent ability, and satisfactory applicability for photochemical polymerization, dye lasers, and organic electroluminescent elements. Since most of the derivatives have a fluorescent maximum wavelength of 600 to 650 nm, particularly, 610 to 630 nm, they are extremely useful as luminescent agents for organic EL elements which emit visible light in a red-color region, and can be quite useful as luminescent agents in organic EL elements and laser-active substances in dye lasers, as well as luminous bodies as lighting sources for lighting devices, and information displays for visually displaying information.
摘要:
An organic EL element has an anode, a cathode, and one or more organic compound layers sandwiched between the anode and cathode, wherein at least one layer of said organic compound layers includes an organic compound denoted by chemical formula (1), which is more specifically denoted by chemical formulas (2)-(5). By introducing desired substituents at R1-R4, these compounds can be made to demonstrate hole transport function, emissive function, electron transport function, or a combination of those functions. Due to its tendency to be structurally non-planar, the organic compound does not crystallize easily, and has a high glass transition temperature. Use of such a compound in an organic EL element enhances element life.
摘要:
In order to solve a problem that, under the condition that an amount of the residual fuel within a fuel reservoir is small, the fuel within the fuel reservoir is biased by a swing motion of the fuel caused by an abrupt acceleration or an abrupt braking of an automotive vehicle so that the amount of the fuel in the vicinity of a suction port of the fuel pump is deficient and a sufficient amount of fuel may not be supplied to an engine, an outlet port of a return piping for returning into the fuel reservoir extra fuel from a pressure regulator, out of the fuel to be fed under pressure through the pressure regulator from an interior of the fuel reservoir by the fuel pump is disposed within a sub-tank, and the extra fuel is directed and close to the suction port of the fuel pump.
摘要:
A micro-optical resonator type organic electroluminescent device utilizing an organic electroluminescent material high in emission efficiency but broad in emission spectrum width, has a narrow half bandwidth in the emission peak and a superior forward directivity and an excellent monochromaticity in light not separate into components, wherein a micro-optical resonator is formed by a multi-layered mirror and a metal mirror. The optical length of the micro-optical resonator, calculated from the total thickness and the refractive index of a transparent conductive layer and a luminous layer placed between the multi-layered mirror and the metal mirror and also from the light penetration depth into the multi-layered mirror, is 1.5 times the wavelength of a desired light emitted from the device, and the desired light is set on the short wavelength side of the emission spectrum of the electroluminescent material.
摘要:
A control system is provided for servo hydraulic pressure in an automatic transmission having planetary gear mechanisms. First and second frictional engagement devices, whose servo pressures are reversed in feed/drain relationship between desired two high speed stages, are controlled by a shift valve and a directional control valve. The shift valve is switched by a first solenoid. The directional control valve is interposed in a servo hydraulic pressure feed/drain line communicating the shift valve with the first frictional engagement device and is controlled by a second solenoid. The first and second solenoids are controlled by an electronic control unit in accordance with a shift position detected by a detector, whereby the timings of feed or drain of the servo hydraulic pressures to or from the first and second frictional engagement devices are changed by predetermined relative amounts, respectively.
摘要:
A control system is provided for servo hydraulic pressure in an automatic transmission having planetary gear mechanisms. Shifting elements of the mechanisms can be connected to establish a different power flow in accordance with engagement or release of frictional engagement devices under the control of servo hydraulic pressure to achieve plural speed stages. The system comprises first and second frictional engagement devices engageable simultaneously in a reverse range, first and second servo pressure feed lines for feeding servo hydraulic pressure to the devices, a regulator valve disposed in the first line, a solenoid for controlling the valve, an electronic control unit for outputting a signal to the solenoid, and a detector for detecting shifting to the reverse range. The valve is controlled by the solenoid in accordance with an output from the unit upon detection of shifting to the reverse range by the detector, whereby engagement of the first device is coincided with that of the second device.