摘要:
A lithographic projection apparatus is provided with an optical system built into the wafer table for producing an image of a wafer mark that is provided on the back side of the wafer. The image is located at the plane of the front side of the wafer and can be viewed by an alignment system from the front side of the wafer. Simultaneous alignment between marks on the back and front of the wafer and a mask can be performed using a pre-existing alignment system.
摘要:
A projection system for a lithographic apparatus having a plurality of mirror imaging systems. In an embodiment, the mirror imaging systems are arranged in two rows with each row being perpendicular to a scanning direction of the projection system. Each mirror imaging systems has an associated imaging field. The mirror imaging systems are arranged in a manner that precludes gaps between adjacent imaging fields in the scanning direction. Each mirror imaging system includes a concave mirror and a convex mirror arranged concentrically with the concave mirror. The concave mirrors have a first mirror portion and a second mirror portion that are independently movable. In one embodiment, each of the mirror imaging systems has an associated phase, and the mirror imaging systems in one row are positioned 180 degrees out of phase with the mirror imaging systems in the other row.
摘要:
A lithographic apparatus comprises an illumination system for supplying a beam of radiation, a patterning arrangement incorporating an array of individually controllable elements for imparting a pattern to the beam cross-section, a substrate table for supporting a substrate, and a projection system incorporating a microlens array for projecting the beam onto a target portion of the substrate. An error compensator is provided for supplying error correction values for compensating for the effect of positional errors in the microlens array, and a grey scale modulator is provided for supplying drive signals to controllable elements of the patterning arrangement in dependence on the error correction values in order to compensate for the effect of positional errors in the microlens array by varying the intensity of some parts of the pattern relative to other parts of the pattern.
摘要:
A system and method are used to form features on a substrate. The system and method include using a first array including individually controllable elements that selectively pattern a beam of radiation, a second array including sets of lenses and apertures stops that form an image from a respective one of the individually controllable elements in a first plane, a third array including lenses that form an image from a respective one of the second array in a second plane, and a substrate table that holds a substrate in the second plane, such that the substrate receives the image from the respective one of the second array. A same spacing is formed between elements in the first, second, and third arrays.
摘要:
An exposure system for manufacturing flat panel displays (FPDs) includes a reticle stage and a substrate stage. A magnification ringfield reflective optical system images the reticle onto the substrate. The system may be a 2× magnification system, or another magnification that is compatible with currently available mask sizes. By writing reticles with circuit pattern dimensions that are one-half the desired size for an FPD, a 2× optical system can be used to expose FPDs. The designs for the 1.5× and larger magnification optical systems all typically have at least three powered mirrors. A corrector, positioned either near the reticle or near the substrate, can be added to the three mirror design to improve the systems optical performance. The corrector may be a reflective, or a refractive design. The corrector can have an aspheric surface, and optionally a powered surface. The corrector may be a flat glass plate, or a lens having concave-convex, concave-concave or convex-convex surfaces.
摘要:
A lithographic apparatus and method in which a patterning system is used to impart to a projection beam a pattern in its cross-section. The beam is directed by a projection system from an illumination system onto a target portion of the surface of a substrate supported on a substrate support. The target portion has predetermined spatial characteristics relative to the substrate table that are appropriate for a desired exposure pattern on the surface of the substrate. The temperature of the substrate is measured, and the dimensional response of the substrate to the measured temperature is calculated. The spatial characteristics of the target portion relative to the substrate table are adjusted to compensate for the calculated dimensional response.
摘要:
Provided is a method and system for facilitating use of a plurality of individually controllable elements to modulate the intensity of radiation received at each focusing element of an array of focusing elements to control the intensity of the radiation in the areas on the substrate onto which the focusing elements direct the radiation.
摘要:
In one method of compensating for the distortion of front-to-backside alignment optics, a displacement vector between the estimated position of a substrate mark and the actual position of a substrate mark is calculated. An optical correction array is also calculated by moving a reference substrate by a fixed amount and comparing how far an image of a point on the back side of a reference substrate moves to how far a corresponding point on the front side of the substrate moves. The displacement vector and optical correction array may then be used to accurately calculate the position of further substrates.
摘要:
A lithographic apparatus in which alignment marks on the substrate are inspected during the exposure of the substrate to optimize the exposure conditions.
摘要:
According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a lithographic method of providing an alignment mark on a layer provided on a substrate, the method including providing the alignment mark on an area of the layer which is oriented within a certain range of angles with respect to a surface of the substrate on which the layer is provided.