摘要:
A charged particle beam apparatus produces little reduction in resolution when the beam is inclined with respect to a sample. The trajectory of a primary beam 4 is deflected by a deflector or changed by a movable aperture such that the beam is incident on a plurality of lenses 6 and 7 off the axes thereof. A means is provided to control the off-axis trajectory of the beam such that an aberration produced by the objective lens 7 when the beam is inclined can be canceled by an aberration produced by the other lens 6.
摘要:
A color filter layer is formed on a glass substrate of a counter substrate. A bank pattern is formed of the same material as a red color-filter portion, a green color filter portion and a blue color filter portion of the color filter layer at the outside of the color filter layer on the glass substrate in the same step. A light shielding material is coated in a bank between the bank pattern and the color filter layer to form a light shielding layer. The light shielding layer can be formed so as to be continuous with the peripheral edge of the color filter layer. The light shielding layer is less likely to overlap with the inside of a display frame portion of the liquid crystal panel, and the aperture ratio is less likely to be reduced. The number of manufacturing steps of the light shielding layer is reduced.
摘要:
In a method of testing an electrode structure in which a plurality of electrodes are arranged in a matrix, a test unit is positioned at a position of a target one of the plurality of electrodes apart from the target electrode by a preset distance. The test unit has a MISFET having a source, a gate and a drain. Then, a first voltage is applied to the target electrode such that a gate voltage is induced at the gate by electrostatic induction. Also, a second voltage is applied to at least one of the source and the drain such that current flows between the source and the drain based on the gate voltage. Then, a value of the current is examined to determine an electrical connection state of the target electrode.
摘要:
A tire-state obtaining apparatus operable to detect the states of tires of wheels and including (a) wheel-side devices each including a transmitter device (42), and (b) a body-side device including a receiver device operable to receive tire information from the wheel-side devices, wherein the positions of the wheels from which sets of the tire information have been transmitted are determined on the basis of the condition in which the receiver device receives the tire information. The receiver device includes a plurality of antennas oriented to receive the tire information from the respective wheel-side devices, and the wheel corresponding to the antenna having the highest intensity of reception of the tire information can be determined as the wheel from which the tire information has been transmitted, so that the antennas need not be located near the respective wheels, to identify the wheels.
摘要:
A charged particle beam apparatus produces little reduction in resolution when the beam is inclined with respect to a sample. The trajectory of a primary beam 4 is deflected by a deflector or changed by a movable aperture such that the beam is incident on a plurality of lenses 6 and 7 off the axes thereof. A means is provided to control the off-axis trajectory of the beam such that an aberration produced by the objective lens 7 when the beam is inclined can be canceled by an aberration produced by the other lens 6.
摘要:
A refrigerator has a refrigerant circuit that is comprised of; a power-variable two-stage compressor, a variable throttler, which are computer controlled; and a first evaporator for fresh food compartments and a second evaporator for freezer compartments. Temperatures in the first and second evaporators are controlled independently from each other, by controlling throttling extent of the variable throttler. Temperature in the first evaporator is kept in a range not causing frost formation on surface of the first evaporator, for example in a range from −2° C. to 2° C., by controlling the throttling extent as well as the power of the compressor. In a preferred embodiment, the variable throttler is a pulse motor valve at downstream of a condenser and at upstream of the first evaporator.
摘要:
A cyclododecanone compound is continuously produced by feeding a liquid feed containing a corresponding epoxycyclododecane compound and LiBr and/or LiI into a frontmost reaction region of a plurality of reaction regions connected to each other in series; successively passing the liquid feed through the series of reaction regions to catalytically isomerize the epoxycyclododecane compound into a corresponding cyclododecanone compound; and collecting the resultant reaction mixture containing the target cyclododecanone compound from a rearmost reaction region of the series of reaction regions.
摘要:
A refrigerator having a refrigerator evaporator and a freezer evaporator, capable of controlling the refrigerant circulation correctly and reducing the delay in the refrigerant behaviors. When freezer mode is to be switched to refrigerator mode, at the end of the freezer mode, a refrigerant recovery run recovers the refrigerant from the freezer evaporator and feeds it to a condenser before the refrigerator mode by running a compressor while blocking the refrigerant to the freezer evaporator and by running a compressor fan.
摘要:
A small diameter piston is provided at one end of a valve shaft having a plurality of the valves, a large diameter piston is provided at the other, the valve shaft is moved by the acting of pilot pressure. A first operated passage communicating with a large diameter pressure chamber is opened and blocked by a first solenoid, a second operated passage communicating with a small diameter pressure chamber is opened and blocked by a first solenoid. A by-pass for communicating between an intake port and the small diameter pressure chamber is formed. A fluid passage changing block is provided at the outside of the small diameter piston of a housing. A by-pass communicating hole and a communicating hole for a second operated passage are opened at the fluid passage changing block in order to convert the initial position and the actuated position. The valve shaft is operated by the operation of the first solenoid with communicating between the by-pass and the small diameter pressure chamber at the initial position. The valve shaft is operated by the operation of the first solenoid and the second solenoid with communicating between the second operated passage and the small diameter pressure chamber at the actuated position.
摘要:
A diaryl carbonate with a high degree of purity is produced at a high yield by (A) subjecting (a) a diaryl oxalate and a phenol compound or (b) an alkylaryl oxalate to transesterification reaction in one or two stages in the presence of a catalyst to prepare a diaryl oxalate, while removing a by-product from the reaction system; (B) collecting the diaryl oxalate from the resultant reaction product mixture of the step (A); (C) subjecting the diaryl oxalate to a decarbonylation reaction, preferably in the presence of a phosphorous compound-containing catalyst, to convert the diaryl oxalate to a corresponding diaryl carbonate, while removing a reaction by-product comprising carbon monoxide from the reaction system; and (D) collecting the diaryl carbonate from the reaction product mixture of the step (C).