公开(公告)号：US20090014846A1

公开(公告)日：2009-01-15

申请号：US12172110

申请日：2008-07-11

Applicant: Zachary M. Fresco ,  Chi-I Lang ,  Jinhong Tong ,  Anh Duong ,  Nitin Kumar ,  Anna Tsimelzon ,  Tony Chiang

Inventor： Zachary M. Fresco ,  Chi-I Lang ,  Jinhong Tong ,  Anh Duong ,  Nitin Kumar ,  Anna Tsimelzon ,  Tony Chiang

IPC: H01L21/312 ,  H01L29/51

CPC classification number: H01L23/5329 ,  C09D129/04 ,  H01L21/02063 ,  H01L21/02074 ,  H01L21/3105 ,  H01L21/31058 ,  H01L21/76814 ,  H01L21/7682 ,  H01L21/76826 ,  H01L21/76829 ,  H01L2221/1063 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  H01L2924/00

Abstract: Methods of modifying a patterned semiconductor substrate are presented including: providing a patterned semiconductor substrate surface including a dielectric region and a conductive region; and applying an amphiphilic surface modifier to the dielectric region to modify the dielectric region. In some embodiments, modifying the dielectric region includes modifying a wetting angle of the dielectric region. In some embodiments, modifying the wetting angle includes making a surface of the dielectric region hydrophilic. In some embodiments, methods further include applying an aqueous solution to the patterned semiconductor substrate surface. In some embodiments, the conductive region is selectively enhanced by the aqueous solution. In some embodiments, methods further include providing the dielectric region formed of a low-k dielectric material. In some embodiments, applying the amphiphilic surface modifier modifies an interaction of the low-k dielectric region with a subsequent process.

Abstract translation: 提出了修改图案化半导体衬底的方法，包括：提供包括电介质区域和导电区域的图案化半导体衬底表面; 以及将两亲表面改性剂施加到所述电介质区域以改变所述电介质区域。 在一些实施例中，修改电介质区域包括改变电介质区域的润湿角度。 在一些实施例中，改变润湿角度包括使介电区域的表面成为亲水性。 在一些实施方案中，方法还包括将水溶液施加到图案化的半导体衬底表面。 在一些实施例中，导电区域被水溶液选择性地增强。 在一些实施例中，方法还包括提供由低k电介质材料形成的电介质区域。 在一些实施方案中，施加两亲表面改性剂修饰低k电介质区域与随后工艺的相互作用。

公开(公告)号：US20080219039A1

公开(公告)日：2008-09-11

申请号：US11714326

申请日：2007-03-05

Applicant: Nitin Kumar ,  Jinhong Tong ,  Chi-I Lang ,  Prashant B. Phatak

Inventor： Nitin Kumar ,  Jinhong Tong ,  Chi-I Lang ,  Prashant B. Phatak

IPC: G11C11/00

CPC classification number: G11C13/0007 ,  G11C2213/32 ,  H01L27/2463 ,  H01L45/04 ,  H01L45/1233 ,  H01L45/1253 ,  H01L45/146 ,  H01L45/1608

Abstract: Nonvolatile memory elements are provided that have resistive switching metal oxides. The nonvolatile memory elements may be formed by depositing a metal-containing material on a silicon-containing material. The metal-containing material may be oxidized to form a resistive-switching metal oxide. The silicon in the silicon-containing material reacts with the metal in the metal-containing material when heat is applied. This forms a metal silicide lower electrode for the nonvolatile memory element. An upper electrode may be deposited on top of the metal oxide. Because the silicon in the silicon-containing layer reacts with some of the metal in the metal-containing layer, the resistive-switching metal oxide that is formed is metal deficient when compared to a stoichiometric metal oxide formed from the same metal.

Abstract translation: 提供具有电阻开关金属氧化物的非易失性存储元件。 非易失性存储元件可以通过将含金属的材料沉积在含硅材料上而形成。 含金属材料可以被氧化以形成电阻式开关金属氧化物。 当施加热量时，含硅材料中的硅与含金属材料中的金属反应。 这形成用于非易失性存储元件的金属硅化物下电极。 上部电极可以沉积在金属氧化物的顶部。 由于含硅层中的硅与含金属层中的一些金属反应，与由相同金属形成的化学计量的金属氧化物相比，形成的电阻 - 开关金属氧化物是金属缺陷的。

公开(公告)号：US20220180215A1

公开(公告)日：2022-06-09

申请号：US17540209

申请日：2021-12-01

Applicant: Nitin Kumar

Inventor： Nitin Kumar

IPC: G06N5/02 ,  G06F16/953 ,  G06F40/58 ,  G06F16/93

Abstract: Described herein are technologies for overcoming technical problems associated with implementing a system for search and analysis of technical information over a computer network. For example, described herein are systems and methods for overcoming technical problems associated with implementing a system for search and analysis of scientific and engineering studies data over a computer network. With respect to some embodiments, described herein are technologies leveraging computer networking and a software architecture to overcome technical problems associated with implementing search and analysis systems for technical information.

公开(公告)号：US09441119B2

公开(公告)日：2016-09-13

申请号：US13072860

申请日：2011-03-28

Applicant: Nikhil D. Kalyankar ,  Nitin Kumar ,  Zhi-Wen Sun

Inventor： Nikhil D. Kalyankar ,  Nitin Kumar ,  Zhi-Wen Sun

IPC: C08L71/02 ,  C08L1/28 ,  C08L83/02 ,  C09D7/12 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  C03C1/00 ,  C03C17/02 ,  C23C18/12 ,  C09D1/00 ,  C09D5/00 ,  C08K5/00 ,  C08L1/02

CPC classification number: C09D7/1266 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  C03C1/008 ,  C03C17/02 ,  C03C2203/30 ,  C03C2204/08 ,  C03C2218/113 ,  C08K5/0008 ,  C08L1/02 ,  C08L1/284 ,  C08L71/02 ,  C08L2201/00 ,  C09D1/00 ,  C09D5/00 ,  C09D7/65 ,  C09D7/67 ,  C23C18/122 ,  C23C18/1245 ,  C23C18/1254 ,  C23C18/1295

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention generally relate to methods and compositions for forming conformal coatings on textured substrates. More specifically, embodiments of the invention generally relate to sol-gel processes and sol-gel compositions for forming low refractive index conformal coatings on textured transparent substrates. In one embodiment a method of forming a conformal coating on a textured glass substrate is provided. The method comprises coating the textured glass substrate with a sol-gel composition comprising a solidifier. It is believed that use of the solidifier expedites the sol-gel transition point of the sol-gel composition leading to more conformal deposition of coatings on textured substrates.

Abstract translation: 本发明的实施方案一般涉及在纹理化基底上形成保形涂层的方法和组合物。 更具体地，本发明的实施方案一般涉及在纹理透明基底上形成低折射率共形涂层的溶胶 - 凝胶法和溶胶 - 凝胶组合物。 在一个实施例中，提供了在纹理化玻璃基板上形成共形涂层的方法。 该方法包括用包含固化剂的溶胶 - 凝胶组合物涂覆织构化的玻璃基底。 据信，使用固化剂可加速溶胶 - 凝胶组合物的溶胶 - 凝胶转变点，从而导致涂层在纹理化基材上的更为适形的沉积。

公开(公告)号：US09417987B2

公开(公告)日：2016-08-16

申请号：US12137683

申请日：2008-06-12

Applicant: Basu Vaidyanathan ,  Kavana Nandikur Bhat ,  Nitin Kumar

Inventor： Basu Vaidyanathan ,  Kavana Nandikur Bhat ,  Nitin Kumar

IPC: G06F9/44 ,  G06F11/36

CPC classification number: G06F11/362

Abstract: A load store advisory program sets a breakpoint within a load-store sequence of a program, determines if the breakpoint will cause unexpected behavior, and generates a warning if it is determined that the breakpoint will cause unexpected behavior. The unexpected behavior may be the result of setting a breakpoint within a load-store sequence that, because of the breakpoint, will repeatedly fail.

Abstract translation: 加载存储咨询程序在程序的加载存储序列中设置断点，确定断点是否会导致意外行为，如果确定断点将导致意外行为，则会生成警告。 意外的行为可能是在加载存储序列中设置断点的结果，因为断点将会重复出现故障。

公开(公告)号：US08995446B2

公开(公告)日：2015-03-31

申请号：US12643036

申请日：2009-12-21

Applicant: Keyur P. Patel ,  Nitin Kumar

Inventor： Keyur P. Patel ,  Nitin Kumar

IPC: H04L12/26 ,  H04L12/715 ,  H04L12/46 ,  H04L12/751 ,  H04L12/741

CPC classification number: H04L45/04 ,  H04L12/4641 ,  H04L45/02 ,  H04L45/54

Abstract: In one embodiment, a router may store a “neighbor table” for storing the router's Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) neighbors. Each neighbor corresponds to a virtual routing and forwarding (VRF) instance and associated VRF identifier (ID), and the neighbor table indexes the BGP neighbors according to their respective VRF ID. In response to initiating a BGP update generation for a BGP table having BGP network entries, each entry having an associated VRF ID that indicates to which VRF instance the BGP entry is to be advertised, a single lookup operation for each BGP entry is performed into the neighbor table based on the corresponding VRF ID of each BGP entry to determine a corresponding VRF update group of indexed BGP neighbors to which each BGP entry is to be advertised. Accordingly, a shared BGP update may be generated for each VRF update group for the initiated BGP update generation.

Abstract translation: 在一个实施例中，路由器可以存储用于存储路由器的边界网关协议（BGP）邻居的“邻居表”。 每个邻居对应虚拟路由和转发（VRF）实例和相关联的VRF标识符（ID），邻居表根据各自的VRF ID对BGP邻居进行索引。 响应发起具有BGP网络条目的BGP表的BGP更新生成，每个条目具有指示向哪个VRF实例发布BGP条目的关联VRF ID，每个BGP条目的单个查找操作被执行到 邻居表根据每个BGP条目的相应VRF ID，确定每个BGP条目要通告的索引BGP邻居的相应VRF更新组。 因此，可以针对发起的BGP更新生成的每个VRF更新组生成共享的BGP更新。

公开(公告)号：US08953599B1

公开(公告)日：2015-02-10

申请号：US13539120

申请日：2012-06-29

Applicant: Colby Barth ,  Nischal Sheth ,  Nitin Kumar ,  Xuefei Zhang ,  Panning Huang ,  Raghavendra Mallya ,  Bhasker R. Allam ,  Krishna Narayanaswamy ,  Dongyi Jiang ,  Tsai-Zong Lin ,  Jiaxiang Su

Inventor： Colby Barth ,  Nischal Sheth ,  Nitin Kumar ,  Xuefei Zhang ,  Panning Huang ,  Raghavendra Mallya ,  Bhasker R. Allam ,  Krishna Narayanaswamy ,  Dongyi Jiang ,  Tsai-Zong Lin ,  Jiaxiang Su

IPC: H04L12/28 ,  H04L12/751

CPC classification number: H04L45/02 ,  H04L45/40 ,  H04L45/586 ,  H04L45/60

Abstract: In general, techniques are for providing a direct forwarding path between virtual routers within a single virtualized routing system. In one example, a method includes combining forwarding information from a plurality of virtual routers into collapsed forwarding information that comprises one or more direct forwarding paths between the respective virtual routers. The method also includes determining a direct forwarding path to an egress interface of the second virtual router, in response to receiving a network packet at an ingress interface of a first virtual router. The method also includes forwarding the network packet from the ingress interface of the first virtual router to the egress interface of the second virtual router using the direct forwarding path, wherein the network packet traverses a switch fabric directly from the ingress interface of the first virtual router to the egress interface of the second virtual router.

Abstract translation: 通常，技术用于在单个虚拟化路由系统内的虚拟路由器之间提供直接转发路径。 在一个示例中，一种方法包括将来自多个虚拟路由器的转发信息组合成包括在各个虚拟路由器之间的一个或多个直接转发路径的折叠转发信息。 响应于在第一虚拟路由器的入口接口处接收到网络分组，该方法还包括确定到第二虚拟路由器的出口接口的直接转发路径。 该方法还包括使用直接转发路径将网络分组从第一虚拟路由器的入口接口转发到第二虚拟路由器的出口接口，其中网络分组从第一虚拟路由器的入口接口直接穿越交换结构 到第二虚拟路由器的出口接口。

公开(公告)号：US08937437B2

公开(公告)日：2015-01-20

申请号：US13917414

申请日：2013-06-13

Applicant: Nitin Kumar ,  Shashank Bakre

Inventor： Nitin Kumar ,  Shashank Bakre

IPC: H05B41/36 ,  H05B37/02

CPC classification number: H05B41/2988

Abstract: A ballast comprises an inverter circuit for providing an oscillating current signal for energizing the at least one lamp. The inverter circuit comprises a first switching component and a second switching component each having a collector terminal, a base terminal, and an emitter terminal. And, each switching component is configured for alternately operating between a conductive state and a non-conductive state. A first collector-emitter circuit is connected between the collector terminal and the emitter terminal of the first switching component, wherein the first collector-emitter circuit has a first resistance of zero or more Ohms. A second collector-emitter circuit is connected between the collector terminal and the emitter terminal of the second switching component, wherein the second collector-emitter circuit has a second resistance of zero or more Ohms and the first resistance and the second resistance are unequal.

Abstract translation: 镇流器包括用于提供用于激励至少一个灯的振荡电流信号的逆变器电路。 逆变器电路包括具有集电极端子，基极端子和发射极端子的第一开关部件和第二开关部件。 并且，每个开关部件被配置为在导通状态和非导通状态之间交替地操作。 第一集电极 - 发射极电路连接在第一开关部件的集电极端子和发射极端子之间，其中第一集电极 - 发射极电路具有零个或更多欧姆的第一电阻。 第二集电极 - 发射极电路连接在第二开关部件的集电极端子和发射极端子之间，其中第二集电极 - 发射极电路具有零欧姆以上的第二电阻，第一电阻和第二电阻不相等。

公开(公告)号：US08837479B1

公开(公告)日：2014-09-16

申请号：US13533967

申请日：2012-06-27

Applicant: Nitin Kumar ,  Nischal Sheth ,  Satish Ramachandran ,  Robert Kebler ,  Maciek Konstantynowicz

Inventor： Nitin Kumar ,  Nischal Sheth ,  Satish Ramachandran ,  Robert Kebler ,  Maciek Konstantynowicz

IPC: H04L12/24 ,  H04L12/28

CPC classification number: H04L45/28 ,  H04L12/1877 ,  H04L45/24

Abstract: A packet-forwarding integrated circuit includes a control logic module and a selector block configured to produce a value indicating an incoming interface associated with a multicast data stream that meets stream health requirements, wherein the multicast data stream is one of a plurality of redundant multicast data streams each received on different incoming interfaces, wherein based on the value produced by the selector block the control logic module outputs data packets of the multicast data stream that meets stream health requirements received on the incoming interface, and discards data packets of other multicast data streams received on other incoming interfaces not indicated by the selector block. In response to detecting that a quality of one of the redundant multicast data streams has fallen below a configured threshold, the control logic automatically rewrites the selector block to forward a different one of the redundant multicast data streams.

Abstract translation: 分组转发集成电路包括控制逻辑模块和选择器块，其被配置为产生指示与满足流健康要求的多播数据流相关联的输入接口的值，其中多播数据流是多个冗余多播数据之一 每个在不同输入接口上接收的流，其中，基于由选择器块产生的值，控制逻辑模块输出满足在入接口上接收的流健康要求的多播数据流的数据分组，并丢弃其他多播数据流的数据分组 在未由选择器块指示的其他输入接口上接收。 响应于检测到冗余多播数据流中的一个的质量已经低于配置的阈值，则控制逻辑自动重写该选择器块以转发不同的冗余多播数据流。

公开(公告)号：US08806058B1

公开(公告)日：2014-08-12

申请号：US13194571

申请日：2011-07-29

Applicant: Scott Mackie ,  James Washburn ,  Nitin Kumar ,  Sandeep Bajaj

Inventor： Scott Mackie ,  James Washburn ,  Nitin Kumar ,  Sandeep Bajaj

IPC: G06F15/17 ,  H04L12/56 ,  H04L29/06 ,  H04L29/08

CPC classification number: H04L45/44 ,  H04L29/06 ,  H04L29/08072 ,  H04L45/00 ,  H04L45/56 ,  H04L45/60

Abstract: In general, this disclosure describes a high-level forwarding path description language (FPDL) for describing internal forwarding paths within a network device. The FPDL enables developers to create a template that describes a section of an internal forwarding path within the forwarding plane of a network device. The FPDL provides syntactical elements for specifying the allocation of forwarding path structures as well as enabling the run-time construction of internal forwarding paths to interconnect the forwarding path structures in a manner specific to packet, packet flow, and/or interface properties, for example. In conjunction with late binding techniques, whereby the control plane of the network device provides arguments to template parameters that drive allocation by the packet forwarding engines of forwarding path structures specified by the FPDL, the techniques provide control plane processes a unified interface with which to manage the operation of the packet forwarding engines.

Abstract translation: 通常，本公开描述了用于描述网络设备内的内部转发路径的高级转发路径描述语言（FPDL）。 FPDL使开发人员能够创建一个描述网络设备转发平面内部转发路径部分的模板。 FPDL提供用于指定转发路径结构的分配的语法元素，以及启用内部转发路径的运行时构造以特定于分组，分组流和/或接口属性的方式互连转发路径结构，例如 。 结合后期绑定技术，由此网络设备的控制平面为模型参数提供参数，以驱动分组转发引擎对由FPDL指定的转发路径结构的分配，这些技术为控制平面处理提供统一的接口，用于管理 分组转发引擎的操作。