摘要:
A method may be provided to detect and correct data errors in a data system where a data message has been encoded with outer parity bits based on the data message using an outer encoding technique to provide an outer codeword and with inner parity bits based on the outer codeword using an inner encoding technique different than the outer encoding technique to provide an inner codeword. The method may include using the inner parity bits and an inner decoding technique corresponding to the inner encoding technique to perform inner decoding of the inner codeword. Responsive to performing inner decoding of the inner codeword without error, the data message may be extracted from a result of inner decoding the inner codeword without using the outer parity bits to decode the result of inner decoding the inner codeword. Related systems are also discussed.
摘要:
A memory device includes a memory cell array, a self interleaver configured to interleave and load data on the fly into a buffer circuit using an interleaving scheme, and a control logic configured to control programming of the interleaved data in the memory cell array.
摘要:
Disclosed is an electronic device, which includes an external power supply unit configured to receive power from an external power source and an auxiliary power storage unit configured to be charged upon receiving the power from the external power supply unit and store the power. The electronic device further includes a first switching element connected to the external power supply unit and the auxiliary power storage unit, the first switching element configured to select any one of the external power supply unit and the auxiliary power storage unit as a power source, a power information receiver configured to receive power information including at least one of electric rate information and power demand information, and a controller configured to control the first switching element based on the power information received from the power information receiver.
摘要:
An electronic device and a method of controlling the electronic device are provided. Based on smart grid information received from a smart grid network, contents are played by an electronic device that consumes less power at a time slot during which a high electricity rate applies, thus minimizing electricity fees.
摘要:
A storage device includes a non-volatile memory device outputting read data from a source area and a memory controller configured to execute an ECC operation on a plurality of vectors in the read data and to write the error-corrected read data into target area of the non-volatile memory device. The memory controller declares that a vector corresponding to a clean area is decoding pass without using a flag bit among the plurality of vectors during the error correction operation.
摘要:
Disclosed is a method for preparing a porous carbon structure, the method comprising the steps of: (a) mixing a carbon precursor, a pyrolytic template, which is pyrolyzed at the carbonization temperature of the carbon precursor or removed by post-treatment after the carbonization of the carbon precursor so as to form pores, and a solvent, to prepare a spray solution; and (b) subjecting the spray solution either to spray pyrolysis or to spray drying and then spray pyrolysis, so as to form a carbonized carbon structure, and then removing the template from the carbon structure. A mesoporous spherical carbon prepared according to the disclosed method may have a large specific surface area and a large pore volume through the control of the kind and concentration of template, and thus can be used in a wide range of applications, including catalysts, adsorbents, electrode materials, materials for separation and purification, and materials for storing hydrogen and drugs.
摘要:
Provided is a program method of a multi-bit memory device with memory cells arranged in rows and columns. The program method includes a programming each memory cell of the first group of memory cells to a state within a first group of states according to a verify voltage level of a first group of verify voltage levels within a first range of levels, and programming each memory cell of the second group of memory cells to a state within a second group of states according to a verify voltage level of a second group of verify voltage levels within a second range of levels. The lowest verify voltage level in the second range of levels is higher than the highest verify voltage level in the first range of levels. A first voltage difference between adjacent verify voltage levels within the first range of levels is different from a second voltage difference between the highest verify voltage level of the second group of verify voltage levels and the lowest verify voltage level of the third group of verify voltage levels.
摘要:
An method of operating a memory system including a nonvolatile memory device and a controller. The method includes receiving a source word, converting the received source word to a codeword, and programming the converted codeword in the nonvolatile memory device. A length of the converted codeword can be greater than a length of the received source word, and a difference between the numbers of first and second digital bits of the converted codeword can be less than a reference value.
摘要:
A memory device includes a plurality of multi-bit memory cells. A plurality of input data bits are encoded according to an error correction code to generate a codeword including a plurality of groups of bits. Respective ones of the plurality of multi-bit memory cells are programmed to represent respective ones of the groups of bits of the codeword. The groups of bits of the codeword may be groups of consecutive bits. In some embodiments, the multi-bit memory cells are each configured to store in bits and a length of the codeword is an integer multiple of m. Data may be read from the multi-bit memory cells in page units or cell units to recover the codeword, and the recovered code word may be decode according to the error correction code to recover the input data bits.
摘要:
Antimicrobial articles, systems, and methods may be used for killing, inactivating, and/or inhibiting microorganisms. The antimicrobial articles and systems utilize up-conversion luminescence wherein a phosphor or luminescent material is capable of absorbing visible, infrared light, or longer wavelength radiation and emitting antimicrobial ultraviolet radiation via upconversion thus inhibiting the growth of, inhibiting the reproduction of or killing or otherwise inactivating microorganisms such as, but not limited to, spores, bacteria, fungi, mildew, mold, and algae. Embodiments of the antimicrobial article or system may comprise such a luminescent material and thus will have antimicrobial activity when exposed to natural or artificial light.