Abstract:
System, methods and apparatus are described that facilitate tests and measurements related to multi-wire, multi-phase communications links. Information is transmitted in N-phase polarity encoded symbols and an eye pattern corresponding to the symbols may be generated such that the symbols are aligned with a trigger for each symbol that corresponds to a clock edge used to sample the symbols. The eye pattern may be used to determine sufficiency of setup times in the communication links and other such characteristics defining a communications channel capabilities.
Abstract:
A measurement task is selected, where the measurement task is associated with a transmission of an encoded signal transmitted via a plurality of data lines. The encoded signal is encoded using one or more of 3-Phase, N-Phase, or N-factorial low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS) where N is at least three (3). A repeating waveform is generated corresponding to the measurement task. The repeating waveform corresponding to the measurement task is then transmitted via the plurality of data lines.
Abstract:
System, methods and apparatus are described that facilitate transmission of data, particularly between two devices within an electronic apparatus. Each device can contend for control of a communications link by driving a data signal to a first voltage level. If the data signal or a clock signal changes before an arbitration time period has elapsed, one or more devices yield control of the communications link to another contender. The arbitration time period for each contender is different and indicates a priority of the message to be transmitted. A shorter arbitration time period indicates higher priority. Arbitration may commence after clock and data signals of the communications link remain in an idle or other predefined state for a minimum idle time. The minimum idle time may be different for different nodes and may be shorter for high priority messages or nodes.
Abstract:
System, methods and apparatus are described that facilitate transmission of data, particularly between two devices within an electronic apparatus. Data is selectively transmitted as N-phase polarity encoded symbols or as packets on differentially driven connectors. A desired operational mode for communicating between the two devices is determined, an encoder is selected to drive a plurality of connectors communicatively coupling the two devices, and a plurality of drivers is configured to receive encoded data from the encoder and drive the plurality of connectors. Switches may couple outputs of the selected encoder to the plurality of drivers. One or more outputs of another encoder may be caused or forced to enter a high impedance mode.
Abstract:
System, methods and apparatus are described that facilitate transmission of data, particularly between two devices within an electronic apparatus. Information is transmitted in N-phase polarity encoded symbols. Drivers may be adapted or configured to align state transitions on two or more connectors in order to minimize a transition period between consecutive symbols. The drivers may include circuits that advance or delay certain transitions. The drivers may include pre-emphasis circuits that operate to drive the state of a connector for a portion of the transition period, even when the connector is transitioned to an undriven state.
Abstract:
System, methods and apparatus are described that facilitate transmission of data, particularly between two devices within electronic equipment. The apparatus may determine whether a run-length violation will occur or is likely to occur if a first sequence of symbols provided by a mapper of an M-Wire N-Phase encoder is transmitted on a plurality of wires. A second sequence of symbols may be substituted for the first sequence of symbols. The second sequence of symbols may comprise a surplus sequence of symbols that is not used for mapping data in the mapper.
Abstract:
System, methods and apparatus are described that facilitate transmission of data over a multi-wire data communications link, particularly between two devices within an electronic apparatus. A sequence of data bits is converted into M transition numbers, which are then converted into a sequence of symbols. The sequence of symbols is transmitted received over N wires. A clock signal may be effectively embedded in the transmission of the sequence of symbols. Each of the sequence of symbols may be selected based on a corresponding one of the M transition numbers and a value of a preceding one of the sequence of symbols.
Abstract:
A high speed serial interface is provided. In one aspect, the high speed serial interface uses three phase modulation for jointly encoding data and clock information. Accordingly, the need for de-skewing circuitry at the receiving end of the interface is eliminated, resulting in reduced link start-up time and improved link efficiency and power consumption. In one embodiment, the high speed serial interface uses fewer signal conductors than conventional systems having separate conductors for data and clock information. In another embodiment, the serial interface allows for data to be transmitted at any speed without the receiving end having prior knowledge of the transmission data rate. In another aspect, the high speed serial interface uses polarity encoded three phase modulation for jointly encoding data and clock information. This further increases the link capacity of the serial interface by allowing for more than one bit to be transmitted in any single baud interval.
Abstract:
Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) encoding for a communication bus is disclosed. In particular, various two-wire communication buses may encode bits using three-level PAM (PAM-3) or five-level PAM (PAM-5) to increase bit transmission without requiring increases to clock frequencies or adding additional pins. Avoiding increases in clock frequencies helps reduce the risk of electromagnetic interference (EMI), and avoiding use of extra pins avoids cost increases for integrated circuits (ICs).
Abstract:
A method for error detection in transmissions on a multi-wire interface includes providing a plurality of launch clock signals, including launch clock signals having a different phase shifts, determining a type of transition in signaling state that will occur on each wire of the 3-wire interface at a boundary between two consecutively transmitted symbols, and selecting one of the plurality of launch clock signals to initiate the transition of signaling state on each wire of the 3-phase interface. Selecting one of the plurality of launch clock signals may include selecting a first launch clock signal when the transition in signaling state terminates at an undriven state, and selecting a second launch clock signal when the transition in signaling state begins at an undriven state. An edge in the first launch clock signal may occur before a corresponding edge in the second launch clock signal.