摘要:
An optical apparatus that measures a polarization dependent characteristic of a measured object includes a light source for emitting non-linearly polarized light in an extreme ultraviolet region or an X-ray region, and a rotary polarizer for reflecting the light emitted from the light source, the polarizer including a set of mirrors repeating three or more reflections and being arranged such that an optical axis of incident light and that of outgoing light are aligned with the same straight line.
摘要:
A mirror retainer for retaining a mirror accommodated in a chamber that has a wall and a lid openably provided on the wall, and generates a reduced pressure environment, includes an elastic member for connecting the mirror elastically to the lid.
摘要:
A fabrication method of an optical element having a multilayer film includes the steps of forming a multilayer film on a substrate, measuring a secondary radiation radiated from the multilayer film when a light with a wavelength of 2 to 40 nm is irradiated to the multilayer film, determining a phase difference between the light irradiated to the multilayer film and the light reflected from the multilayer film based on a measurement result of the measuring step, and modifying the multilayer film based on the determined phase difference.
摘要:
An adjusting method of an optical system composed plural optical elements each having a multilayer film, said adjusting method that includes a first measuring step that obtains, for each optical element, a difference between a phase distribution of which an EUV light (Extreme Ultraviolet light) is reflected from the optical element and a phase distribution of which a light with a wavelength that is longer than the EUV light is reflected from the optical element, a second measuring step that measures a phase distribution of which the light passes the optical system, a deciding step that decides a phase distribution of which the EUV light passes through the optical system based on the phase distribution difference obtained by the first measuring step and the phase distribution measured by the second measuring step, and an adjusting step that adjusts at least one of a position and a posture of the optical element based on the phase distribution decided by the deciding step.
摘要:
A light generator for irradiating a laser onto a target, for generating plasma, and for producing light from the plasma, includes a first optical system for introducing the light to the target, a second optical system for introducing the light, and a unit for irradiating the laser onto debris that attaches to at least one of the first and second optical systems by changing an irradiation condition of the laser differently from that used to generate the plasma.
摘要:
A mirror retainer for retaining a mirror accommodated in a chamber that has a wall and a lid openably provided on the wall, and generates a reduced pressure environment, includes an elastic member for connecting the mirror elastically to the lid.
摘要:
A debris removing system prevents debris from being scattered from an X-ray source. The debris removing system includes an attracting unit, disposed between a light emission point of the X-ray source and the optical system, for attracting debris. The attracting unit has an attracting surface parallel or approximately parallel to an axis passing through the light emission point. The debris removing system further includes a rotation unit for rotating the attracting unit about the axis. This debris removing system assures a superior debris removing effect and a good EUV light utilization efficiency, being compatible with each other.
摘要:
A measurement apparatus has a first detector for measuring an intensity such that a sheet-shaped beam of synchrotron radiation is integrated over the entire range of the beam in the thickness direction thereof; a second detector for measuring the intensity of the beam at two points where positions along the direction are different; and a calculating device for calculating the magnitude of the beam in the direction on the basis of the detections by the first and second detectors.
摘要:
A laser oscillator capable of effectively collecting and removing particulate foreign matter contained in gas laser medium flowing in a circulating path. An electric discharge section arranged in an optical resonator is incorporated into a circulating path of the gas medium including a heat exchanger and a blower. The gas laser medium flows at a high speed in the circulating path. At least one spiral-flow dust collecting mechanism is provided in the circular path downstream of the heat exchanger, and the gas laser medium discharged from the blower is supplied to the electric discharge section through the spiral-flow dust collecting mechanism. The gas laser medium containing the particulate foreign matter spirally flows around an inner pipe in a cylindrical body of the spiral-flow dust collecting mechanism. While spirally flowing in the cylindrical body, the foreign matter having a relative density larger than that of the gas medium is separated from the gas medium by centrifugal force, to introduced into a dust collecting section through a slit to be deposited. Pressure of the gas laser medium flowing in the circulating path may be adjusted in accordance with diameter and/or mass of the particulate foreign matter to be removed.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a novel potassium channel protein expressed exclusively in the brain, a DNA molecule having a sequence encoding this protein, a vector containing the DNA molecule, a host cell containing this vector, and a method for obtaining the potassium channel protein, wherein mRNA is extracted from human cells or tissue capable of producing the potassium channel protein of the present invention. Then, use is made of two primers between which the channel protein mRNA or a part of the mRNA region is located by using the thus extracted mRNA as a template. By carrying out a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, the channel protein cDNA or a part thereof can be obtained. Thereafter, the channel protein can be produced by integrating the thus obtained novel potassium channel cDNA or a part of the same into an appropriate expression vector and then effecting its expression in a host cell. The proteins are useful (1) as targets for identifying therapeutic agents for central nervous system disorders such as dementia, cerebral ischemic disorder, epilepsy and the like; (2) for use in a method of screening compounds and peptides capable of acting on the claimed protein; and (3) as agents for the treatment of central nervous system disorders.