摘要:
When a contradictory event in which raising of the engine rotation speed is detected and the inertia phase start time is early occurs (8), a learn correction is made to engagement hydraulic pressure (ON side). If the raising of the engine rotation speed cannot be canceled still after the learn correction is made, release hydraulic pressure (OFF side) is increased for correction.
摘要:
A lock-up control device is provided to control the engaging and release of a lock-up clutch, which is arranged in parallel with a torque converter to transmit driving force of an engine of a car. Herein, target driving force is calculated based on accelerator pedal opening and car velocity. A present shift position is detected using a shift map based on accelerator pedal opening, car velocity and engine speed. Target engine torque is calculated based on the target driving force and present shift position as well as a torque amplification ratio, which is detected when the torque converter is placed in a torque amplification state. A lock-up release instruction is issued under conditions that the torque converter is placed in the torque amplification state while the target engine torque is greater than a preset value, which is determined in advance based on a torque characteristic of the engine. In addition, under the condition that the engaging of the lock-up clutch is released, the device makes a decision as to whether a shift-down operation is performed or not. Herein, accumulation is performed on the accelerator pedal opening under the condition that the target engine torque is greater than the preset value. So, a shift-down instruction is issued under the condition that an accumulated value of the accelerator pedal opening exceeds a threshold value in accumulation of the accelerator pedal opening.
摘要:
An engine igniting coil device adapted to be mounted in a cylindrical bore of an engine and directly connected with an ignition plug therein has a coil case containing an igniting coil assembly and made of conductive magnetic material which is held at the ground potential level, thus preventing a decrease of output factor of the igniting coil of produced magnetic flux when spreading about and passing through a cylinder head of the engine and eliminating the possibility of leakage discharge from a high-voltage portion of the igniting coil assembly to the coil case and the cylinder head.
摘要:
A down-shift control system is provided, by which if sufficient torque cannot be obtained for an acceleration request or intention at a shift position, a down-shift operation is suitably performed so as to realize a reliable driving capability and no shift-busy phenomenon occurs. The system includes a section for calculating target driving force of a vehicle according to a degree of opening of an accelerator pedal and a speed of the vehicle; a section for detecting the present shift position of the vehicle; a section for calculating target engine torque based on the target driving force and the present shift position; a section for comparing the target engine torque with a set value determined according to torque characteristics of the engine; a section for performing an accumulating operation relating to the degree of opening if it is judged that the target engine torque equals or exceeds the set value; and a section for outputting a down-shift command if the accumulated value exceeds a threshold relating to the degree of opening.
摘要:
A control system for an internal combustion engine for a vehicle has an automatic transmission. The control system is operable during gear shifting of the automatic transmission, for changing output torque of the engine to reduce a shock generated during the gear shifting. During gear shifting in which a change gear ratio of the automatic transmission is to be increased, upon stepping-on of the accelerator pedal of the vehicle, the output torque of the engine is increased by a first predetermined amount based on an operating condition of the vehicle when an increase occurs in the rotational speed of the engine due to the gear shifting. After the output torque of the engine is increased by the first predetermined amount, the output torque of the engine is decreased by a second predetermined amount based on the operating condition of the vehicle. After the output torque of the engine is decreased by the second predetermined amount, the output torque of the engine is progressively recovered to a value assumed upon completion of the gear shifting.
摘要:
An upshift of an automatic transmission of an automotive vehicle is carried out when a sudden decrease in a stepping-on amount of an accelerator pedal of the vehicle is detected. The opening of a throttle valve arranged in an intake passage of an internal combustion engine installed on the vehicle is closed when the stepping-on amount of the accelerator has increased during the upshift after the sudden decrease in the stepping-on amount. Engagement of one of speed clutches of the automatic transmission to be selected for the upshift is started upon the closing of the throttle valve. Control of the opening of the throttle valve in response to the stepping-on amount of the accelerator pedal is started after the rotational speed of the output side of the one of the speed clutches and the rotational speed of the input side of the same become substantially equal to each other through the engagement of the one of the speed clutches.
摘要:
In a control system for controlling motor vehicles in such a manner that the drive force of the vehicle is determined by the accelerator pedal stroke and the vehicle speed, the fuel consumption is minimized by appropriately selecting the gear ratio of the power transmission system under each current operating condition. In particular, the present invention accounts for the slip ratio of the lock-up clutch as well as the transmission efficiency of the torque converter by noting the fact that the lock-up clutch operates under semi-tight conditions as well as under tight and loose conditions.
摘要:
A liquid-immersion type objective lens system for microscopes comprising a first lens unit which comprises a plano-convex lens component or a plano-convex lens component having a cemented surface strongly convex on the image side and a positive lens component, a second lens unit which has a positive refractive power, and comprises a cemented surface having a strongly negative refractive power and allows a converging light bundle to emerge therefrom, and a third lens unit having a negative refractive power. The object system is configured so as to be capable of correcting variations of aberrations by moving the second lens unit relative to the first lens unit and the third lens unit in accordance with a thickness of a cover glass plate used in combination with the objective lens system.
摘要:
An apochromatic microscope objective of high NA wherein variation of aberrations, including chromatic aberration, caused by a change in the cover glass thickness, is minimized with a relatively simple arrangement. The microscope objective has a 1-st lens unit (G.sub.1) which includes a positive meniscus lens having a concave surface directed toward the object side to convert a bundle of rays from an object into a convergent bundle of rays, a 2-nd lens unit (G.sub.2) having a negative refractive power, and a 3-rd lens unit (G.sub.3) having a small refractive power. The 2-nd lens unit (G.sub.2) is movable relative to the 1-st and 3-rd lens units (G.sub.1 and G.sub.3) along the optical axis in accordance with a change in thickness of a transparent plane-parallel plate disposed between the 1-st lens unit (G.sub.1) and the object. The microscope objective satisfies conditions concerning the curvature radius of a lens surface in the 1-st lens unit (G.sub.1) that is the closest to the object side and the focal lengths of the 2-nd and 3-rd lens units (G.sub.2 and G.sub.3).
摘要:
A resin composition having excellent paint coatability containing (a) 50-80 weight % of a multi-stage polymerized propylene-ethylene block copolymer consisting essentially of (i) a propylene homopolymer portion, (ii) a propylene-ethylene random copolymer portion, and (iii) an ethylene homopolymer portion, (b) 20-40 weight % of an ethylene-.alpha.-olefin copolymer elastomer, and (c) 20 weight % or less of an inorganic filler, components in the components (a) and (b), which are soluble in p-xylene at a room temperature, having a number-average molecular weight of 4.times.10.sup.4 or more and a weight-average molecular weight of 20.times.10.sup.4 or more.