Abstract:
A structure for preventing MMICs (Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits) from deterioration in the high-frequency transmission characteristics thereof, which results from mechanical pressure applied to the pads during the wire-bonding thereto for external connection. The structure includes a groove provided in the surface of the interlayer insulation film around each of the pads. The line conductor for transmitting high-frequency signals is free from the peeling off or bending thereof, which is caused by the deformation in the interlayer insulation films during when the mechanical pressure applied to the pads, and thus, the change in the transmission characteristics of the line conductor can be minimized, and the reliability of MMICs can be improved.
Abstract:
A semiconductor module having a compact antenna element capable of providing desired directivity therein has been disclosed. When an electromagnetic-wave radiation window has the capability of a lens, directivity can be set arbitrarily. For improving directivity, a convergent lens for converging millimeter waves or quasi millimeter waves is employed. For impairing directivity, a divergent lens is employed. In the case of the convergent lens, a direction in which radio waves are radiated or received by the antenna element can be set by deviating the center axis of the lens from the center of the antenna element.
Abstract:
A magneto-optical disc system includes a magneto-optical disc 40 with a light-transmitting layer 41, an objective lens 2 for bundling or focusing a laser beam onto a magnetic recording layer 43 of the magneto-optical disc 40 for recording information thereon and/or reproducing information therefrom, and a magnetic field generating unit 9 having a coil pattern 7 arranged on an optical glass element 8. The thickness t.sub.2 of the light-transmitting layer 41 falls within the range of 0.6 to 0.1 mm, and the numerical aperture (NA) of the objective lens 2 falls within the range of 0.55 to 0.70.
Abstract:
A lens retaining barrel includes a cylindrical part for radially positioning a lens and an abutment for positioning the lens in the direction of the optical axis of the lens. The cylindrical part has a multiplicity of protrusions uniformly and circumferentially spaced around the interior thereof such that a circle inscribed within the protrusions has the same diameter as the outer diameter of the lens and has its center coincident with the optical axis of the lens. The abutment extends radially inwardly a greater extent than the protrusions and has a multiplicity of seats uniformly and circumferentially spaced around the abutment for receiving the lens. The seats have tops defining an envelope extending in a direction orthogonal to the optical axis of the lens. The lens is retained in position by each protrusion of the cylindrical part and each top of the seats and is adhered to the lens retaining barrel by an adhesive. By virtue of this construction, the lens retaining barrel is free from any eccentricity or tilt of the lens, has a higher mounting accuracy, and is easy to assemble for mounting.
Abstract:
A magneto-optical disc system includes a magneto-optical disc with a light transmitting protective layer, an objective lens for bundling or focusing a laser beam onto a magnetic recording layer of the magneto-optical disc in order to perform recording and/or reproduction, and a magnetic field generating unit formed as a coil pattern on a transparent optical glass layer. In the magneto-optical disc system, the thickness t.sub.2 of the light-transmitting protective layer is set to fall within the range of 0.6 to 1.0 mm and the numerical aperture of the objective lens is set to fall within the range of 0.55 to 0.70, so as to obtain high density recording and/or reproduction by permitting the lens to be quite close to the actual recording layer.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a process for producing the magnesium salt of an olefin sulfonic acid comprising the steps of:sulfonating and neutralizing an olefin having 10 to 20 carbon atoms, and; then,hydrolyzing sultone contained in the resulting neutralization product in the presence of,(a) magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide and a mixture thereof and(b) an additive selected from the group consisting of benzoic acid, citric acid, malic acid, phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid and water-soluble salts thereof,at a temperature within the range of from 110.degree. C. to 180.degree. C.
Abstract:
Emulsion fuels can be effectively emulsified with a very small amount of a compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein at least 1.25 on the average of the 3 X's stand for an acyl group having 10 to 18 carbon atoms, the remainder being a hydrogen atom, and the sum of numbers n1, n2 and n3 is in the range of from 2 to 50.
Abstract:
A process of manufacturing C.sub.10 -C.sub.20 .alpha.-olefin sulfonate solution of high concentration, which comprises subjecting .alpha.-olefin sulfonates having 10-20 carbon atoms to neutralization and hydrolysis in the presence of (a) an alkaline material equivalent to the sum (A+B) of an amount of alkali (A) necessary for performing neutralization and hydrolysis of said sulfonates stoichiometrically and an amount of alkali (B) equivalent to 0.2-1.5 times as much as said amount of alkali (A) by weight, (b) an alkylene oxide derivative and/or a polyvinyl alcohol equivalent to 0.2-2 times as much as said amount of alkali (B) by weight, and (c) water necessary for making the water content of the neutralization-hydrolysis product less than 50%.
Abstract:
To alpha-lactose or an alpha-lactose-containing substance is added a small amount of water and the resulting mixture is subjected to extrusion from a screw extruder under pressure, thereby converting the alpha-lactose into beta-lactose. The beta-lactose or beta-lactose-containing substance thus obtained is dried, pulverized and stored as it is.