摘要:
Disclosed are an optical-path changing apparatus and a light radiating apparatus. The optical-path changing apparatus includes a light scattering member such as a light reflecting member, and a guide member for guiding the light scattering member. The direction of light scattered by the light scattering member is substantially constant during movement of the light scattering member guided by the guide member. The light radiating apparatus includes a fluorescent member, a guide member for guiding the fluorescent member, and a light emitting device for irradiating with light the fluorescent member moving along the guide member.
摘要:
In an electron beam apparatus including an enclosure in which an electron-emitting device having an electron-emitting region between opposite electrodes is disposed, the electron-emitting device exhibits such a characteristic as that an emission current is uniquely determined with respect to a device voltage. The interior of the enclosure is maintained under an atmosphere effective to prevent structural changes of the electron-emitting device. An image-forming apparatus includes an enclosure in which an electron source and an image-forming member are disposed, the electron source having the above electron-emitting device. An emission current is stable with a very small change in the amount of electrons emitted, a sharp image is produced with high contrast, and gradation control is easily carried out.
摘要:
In an electron-emitting device including, between electrodes, an electroconductive film having an electron emitting region, the electroconductive film has a film formed in the electron emitting region and made primarily of a material having a higher melting point than that of a material of the electrdconductive film. Alternatively, the electroconductive film has a film formed in the electron emitting region and made primarily of a material having a higher temperature at which the material develops a vapor pressure of 1.3×10−3 Pa, than that of a material of the electroconductive film. A manufacturing method of an electron-emitting device includes a step of forming a film made primarily of a metal in the electron emitting region of the electroconductive film. The electron-emitting device has stable characteristics and improved efficiency of electron emission. An image-forming apparatus comprising the electron-emitting devices has high luminance and excellent stability in operation.
摘要:
An electron source comprises one or more electron-emitting devices, especially of surface conduction type, and is provided with means for supplying an activating substance to the device(s). The means comprises preferably a substance source and a heater or electron beam generator for gasifying the substance source. The electron source can be combined with an image-forming member (e.g. fluorescent body) to constitute an image-forming apparatus. The means is used for in situ activation or re-activation of the electron-emitting device(s).
摘要:
A substrate transferring apparatus comprising a substrate support member for supporting a substrate, a base member for holding the substrate support member to be movable horizontally, a lifting member, having one end and another end, for holding the base member at the one end to be rotatable in a horizontal plane, the lifting member being movable upward and downward, and a hold-and-guide member for holding the lifting member at the another end and for guiding the lifting member when the lifting member is moved upward and downward.
摘要:
A method of manufacturing an electron source having a plurality of surface-conduction electron-emitting devices arranged on a substrate in row and column directions includes the forming of electron emission portions of the plurality of surface-conduction electron-emitting devices. The forming is carried out by supplying current through the plurality of surface-conduction electron-emitting devices upon dividing them into a plurality of groups. An image forming apparatus passes a current through a plurality of electron sources, which are formed on a substrate and arrayed in the form of a matrix, in dependence upon an image signal, and an image is formed by a light emission in response to electrons emitted from the plurality of electron sources.
摘要:
A substrate scrubbing and cleaning method in which a substrate is carried to a rotatable scrubbing arrangement, and both surfaces of the substrate are scrubbed by the rotatable scrubbing arrangement while the substrate is maintained substantially horizontal. In addition, a cleaning solution is applied to both surfaces of the substrate while the substrate is substantially horizontal and is linearly reciprocated.
摘要:
A laminated structure comprises a first layer comprising a crystal with six-fold symmetry, and a second layer comprising a metal oxynitride crystal formed on the first layer The second layer comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of In, Ga, Si, Ge and Al, N, O and Zn, as main elements, and has in-plane orientation.
摘要:
A field effect transistor is provided including a gate electrode (for example, 15), a source electrode (13), a drain electrode (14) and a channel layer (11) to control current flowing between the source electrode (13) and the drain electrode (14) by applying a voltage to the gate electrode (15). The channel layer (11) is constituted of an amorphous oxide containing In and Si and having a compositional ratio expressed by Si/(In+Si) of not less than 0.05 and not more than 0.40.