Abstract:
A device includes a semiconductor substrate and a gate insulation film lining a trench in an active region of the substrate. A gate electrode pattern is recessed in the trench on the gate insulation film and has an upper surface that has a nonuniform height. A dielectric pattern may be disposed on the gate electrode pattern in the trench.
Abstract:
Disclosed are a solar cell apparatus and a method of fabricating the same. The A solar cell apparatus includes a substrate; a back electrode layer on the substrate; a light absorbing layer on the back electrode layer; and a window layer on the light absorbing layer, wherein the light absorbing layer is formed with a third through hole having a first width, and the window layer is formed with a fourth through hole having a second width larger than the first width, and the fourth through hole corresponds to the third through hole.
Abstract:
Disclosed herein is an apparatus and method for continuously producing and dehydrating gas hydrates. The apparatus includes a gas source, a water source, a reactor, a spinning wheel, and a centrifugal separator. The gas source and the water source are connected to the reactor. Gas and water are respectively supplied from the gas source and the water source into the reactor and react with each other in the reactor to form gas hydrate slurry. The spinning wheel and the centrifugal separator are provided in the reactor. The spinning wheel supplies the formed gas hydrate slurry to the centrifugal separator. The centrifugal separator dehydrates the gas hydrate slurry. Water removed from the gas hydrate slurry by the dehydration of the centrifugal separator is re-supplied into the reactor.
Abstract:
A solar cell is provided. The solar cell includes a transparent electrode layer on a substrate, a pattern layer on the transparent electrode layer, the pattern layer including a plurality of pattern parts having inclined side surfaces, a light absorption layer on the pattern layer, and a back surface electrode layer on the light absorption layer.
Abstract:
A system and method for accurately estimating a lane in which a vehicle is traveling. A sensor mounted on the vehicle generates sensor data including lane information that is processed by several lane detection sub-systems to generate two or more estimated lanes with corresponding lane confidence information. A combining processor combines the estimated lanes based upon the confidence information to determine a combined estimated lane.
Abstract:
Method, system and non-transitory computer-readable medium for fail-safe performance of a lane centering system. An electrical power steering (EPS) system of a vehicle is monitored for a failure and operation of the lane centering system is switched to a differential braking controller to output differential braking commands to a differential breaking system upon determining that a failure of the EPS system has occurred, where the output braking commands direct the differential braking system to apply force a brake for a wheel of vehicle, such by the applied braking force the vehicle follows a desired path determined for a lane centering operation.
Abstract:
Provided are a solid catalyst for propylene polymerization which includes titanium, magnesium, halogen and an internal electron donor mixture of two or more compounds wherein the internal electron donor mixture includes at least one selected from the bicycloalkanes or bicycloalkenes and at least one selected from diethers and succinates, and a method for preparing propylene using the same. As disclosed, it is possible to prepare polypropylene having an excellent stereoregularity with a high production yield.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method for preparing a solid catalyst for propylene polymerization, specifically to a method for preparing a solid catalyst for propylene polymerization which can produce a polypropylene having high melt flow rate, a wide molecular distribution and excellent stereoregularity with a high production yield.
Abstract:
A polycarbonate resin composition for a flame retardant film includes 100 parts by weight of a polycarbonate resin, about 0.01 to about 10 parts by weight of a silicon compound, about 0.01 to about 1.5 parts by weight of an organic sulfonic acid metal salt having an average particle diameter of about 100 to about 400 μm, and about 0.01 to about 1 part by weight of a polyfluoroethylene resin.
Abstract:
A method is provided of estimating a road grade of a current driven road. A nominal value of a vehicle operating parameter is measured during a nominal vehicle operating condition. The vehicle operating parameter is related to a vehicle thrust power. The nominal value of the vehicle operating condition is comprised of a nominal acceleration corresponding to the nominal value when the vehicle is driven on a substantially non-inclined road. The nominal value and nominal acceleration is stored in a memory. An actual value of the vehicle operating parameter is determined during a current vehicle operating condition. A vehicle acceleration corresponding to the actual value of the vehicle operating parameter is measured. The road grade of the current driven road is estimated as a function of a comparison between the measured acceleration value and the nominal acceleration that would be expected for the actual value of the vehicle operating parameter.