公开(公告)号：US11804197B1

公开(公告)日：2023-10-31

申请号：US17459731

申请日：2021-08-27

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Aaron L. Holsteen ,  Xiaokai Li ,  Yuan Chen ,  Zhibing Ge

IPC: G09G3/36 ,  G02F1/135

CPC classification number: G09G3/3696 ,  G02F1/1352 ,  G02F1/1358 ,  G09G2230/00 ,  G09G2320/041

Abstract: A display may include illumination optics, a ferroelectric liquid crystal on silicon (fLCOS) panel, and a waveguide. The display may include a temperature sensor that gathers temperature sensor data. Control circuitry may select a non-square wave drive voltage waveform based on the gathered temperature sensor data and/or based on frame history information for the fLCOS display panel. The control circuitry may control the fLCOS panel to produce image light by driving the fLCOS panel using the selected non-square wave drive voltage waveform. The non-square wave drive voltage waveform may be an overdrive waveform or an underdrive waveform. This may serve to optimize the reflectance of the fLCOS display panel and thus the optical performance of the display module regardless of operating temperature and frame history.

公开(公告)号：US20230307590A1

公开(公告)日：2023-09-28

申请号：US18161764

申请日：2023-01-30

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Young Cheol Yang ,  Young Seok Kim ,  Aaron L Holsteen ,  Cheng Cheng ,  Chin Wei Hsu ,  Hsin I Lu ,  Ileana G. Rau ,  Jaein Choi ,  James M. Perkins ,  James P. Ibbetson ,  Joy M. Johnson ,  Jui-Chih Liao ,  Steven E. Molesa ,  Sunggu Kang ,  Yang Deng ,  Zhibing Ge

IPC: H01L33/58 ,  H01L25/075 ,  H01L33/50 ,  H01L33/10

CPC classification number: H01L33/58 ,  H01L25/0753 ,  H01L33/505 ,  H01L33/10

Abstract: An electronic device may have a display with an array of inorganic light-emitting diodes. The array of inorganic light-emitting diodes may be overlapped by a polarizer layer such as a circular polarizer. Alternatively, the display may be a polarizer-free display without any polarizer layer over the array of inorganic light-emitting diodes. Each inorganic light-emitting diode may be surrounded by a diffuser that redirects edge-emissions towards a viewer. A top diffuser, a color filter layer, a microlens, and/or a microlens with color filtering and/or diffusive properties may also optionally overlap each inorganic light-emitting diode. The inorganic light-emitting diodes may have reflective sidewalls to mitigate edge-emissions. In this type of arrangement, the array of inorganic light-emitting diodes may be coplanar with one or more opaque masking layers. To mitigate reflections, the display may include two opaque masking layers having differing properties or a single phase separated opaque masking layer.

公开(公告)号：US20230305349A1

公开(公告)日：2023-09-28

申请号：US18169263

申请日：2023-02-15

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Yuan Chen ,  Xiaokai Li ,  Zhibing Ge

IPC: G02F1/141 ,  G09G3/36 ,  G09G3/00 ,  G02F1/1343 ,  G02F1/1337 ,  F21V8/00 ,  G02B27/01

CPC classification number: G02F1/141 ,  G09G3/3629 ,  G09G3/007 ,  G02F1/13439 ,  G02F1/133723 ,  G02B6/0055 ,  G02B6/0068 ,  G02B27/0172 ,  G09G2300/0491 ,  G09G2340/0457 ,  G09G2330/021 ,  G09G2300/0408

Abstract: A display may include illumination optics, a ferroelectric liquid crystal on silicon (fLCOS) panel, and a waveguide. The illumination optics may produce illumination that is modulated by the fLCOS panel to produce image light. The waveguide may direct the image light towards an eye box. The fLCOS panel may include a ferroelectric liquid crystal (fLC) layer and a backplane. In order to maximize the reflectance of the fLCOS panel and thus the optical performance of the display, the backplane may be a silver backplane or a dielectric mirror backplane. In addition, the backplane may have a cell gap that is equal to a wavelength divided by four times the birefringence of the fLC layer. In order to further optimize the optical performance of the display module, the wavelength used in determining the cell gap may be a green wavelength between 500 nm and 565 nm.

公开(公告)号：US11521563B2

公开(公告)日：2022-12-06

申请号：US17223903

申请日：2021-04-06

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Zhibing Ge ,  Chengrui Le ,  Yuechen Wu ,  Xiaokai Li ,  Lingyu Hong ,  Chaohao Wang ,  Shih-Chyuan Fan Jiang

IPC: G09G3/34 ,  G09G3/36

Abstract: Certain embodiments are directed to techniques (e.g., a method, an apparatus, and non-transitory computer readable medium storing code or instructions executable by one or more processors) for mitigating the flicker on the displays at low driving frequencies due to drops of the voltage holding ratio of the materials for the display. The techniques to compensate for flicker in a liquid crystal display can include generating a dynamic waveform for the backlight of the display. The dynamic waveform can be synchronized with the driving rate of the liquid crystal display such that the luminosity of the backlight increases during periods when the voltage-holding ratio drops in the materials of the display. In this way, a liquid crystal material can be utilized in a display to generate reduced power consumption with liquid crystal rate minimizing the flicker in response to the drops of the voltage-holding ratio.

公开(公告)号：US11448908B1

公开(公告)日：2022-09-20

申请号：US16261408

申请日：2019-01-29

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Shih-Chyuan Fan Jiang ,  Paul V. Johnson ,  Se Hyun Ahn ,  Cheng Chen ,  Yuan Chen ,  Hyungryul Choi ,  Zhibing Ge ,  Christiaan A. Ligtenberg ,  Dinesh C. Mathew ,  Hyunmin A. Song ,  Chaohao Wang ,  Jiaying Wu

IPC: G02F1/13 ,  G06F3/01 ,  G09G3/36 ,  G02F1/167 ,  G02F1/1676 ,  G02F1/1335 ,  G02F1/1347 ,  G02F1/1677

Abstract: A display may have display layers that form an array of pixels. An angle-of-view adjustment layer may overlap the display layers. The angle-of-view adjustment layer may include an array of adjustable louvers that move from a first position in which the angle of view of the display is restricted for a private viewing mode and a second position in which the angle of view of the display is not restricted for a normal viewing mode. The louvers may contain electrophoretic particles. The louvers may be tapered and may have a width at one end that is less than ten microns. The electrophoretic particles may form isolated clusters on a lower substrate in normal viewing mode to increase the transmittance of the display in normal viewing mode. The angle-of-view adjustment layer may be a second liquid crystal display layer that is used to block off-axis light.

公开(公告)号：US10996748B2

公开(公告)日：2021-05-04

申请号：US16565298

申请日：2019-09-09

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Mehmet Agaoglu ,  Cheng Chen ,  Harsha Shirahatti ,  Zhibing Ge ,  Shih-Chyuan Fan Jiang ,  Nischay Goel ,  Jiaying Wu ,  William Sprague

IPC: G06F3/01 ,  G06K9/00 ,  G02B27/00 ,  G06K9/62 ,  G06K9/32 ,  H04L29/06

Abstract: Aspects of the subject technology relate to gaze-dependent visual encryption of electronic device displays. Each display frame that is displayed on the electronic device display may include a clear-display region around the user's gaze location and an obscured region outside the clear-display region. In this way, only the display content that the user is actively viewing is recognizable and understandable and an onlooker such as an unwanted observer looking over the user's shoulder is unable to understand what is displayed. The obscured region of each display frame may be generated such that the overall look and structure of that region is unchanged, but the content is unintelligible. In this way, the visual experience of the user is not disrupted or distracted by the visual encryption and the eye of the onlooker is not guided to the clear-display region by the visual encryption.

公开(公告)号：US10591774B2

公开(公告)日：2020-03-17

申请号：US15693305

申请日：2017-08-31

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Jean-Jacques P. Drolet ,  Yuan Chen ,  Jonathan S. Steckel ,  Ion Bita ,  Dmitry S. Sizov ,  Chia Hsuan Tai ,  John T. Leonard ,  Lai Wang ,  Ove Lyngnes ,  Xiaobin Xin ,  Zhibing Ge

IPC: G02F1/1335 ,  G02F1/1343 ,  F21V8/00 ,  G06F3/044 ,  G02F1/1368 ,  G02F1/1333 ,  G06F3/041

Abstract: A display may have display layers that form an array of pixels. The display layers may include a first layer that includes a light-blocking matrix and a second layer that overlaps the first layer. The first layer may include quantum dot elements formed in openings in the light-blocking matrix. The light-blocking matrix may be formed from a reflective material such as metal. The second layer may include color filter elements that overlap corresponding quantum dot elements in the first layer. Substrate layers may be used to support the first and second layers and to support thin-film transistor circuitry that is used in controlling light transmission through the array of pixels. The display layers may include a liquid crystal layer, polarizer layers, filter layers for reflecting red and green light and/or other light to enhance light recycling, and layers with angularly dependent transmission characteristics.

公开(公告)号：US10516081B1

公开(公告)日：2019-12-24

申请号：US15908492

申请日：2018-02-28

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Xiaobin Xin ,  Dmitry S. Sizov ,  Andreas Bibl ,  Ion Bita ,  Yuan Chen ,  Lai Wang ,  Zhibing Ge

IPC: H01L33/24 ,  H01L33/60 ,  H01L33/42 ,  H01L33/18 ,  H01L27/15 ,  H01L33/52

Abstract: Light emitting structures are described in which vertical inorganic semiconductor-based light emitting diodes (LEDs) with hexagon shaped sidewalls are mounted within corresponding circular reflective well structures. Diffuser layers may additionally laterally surround the hexagon shaped sidewalls within the circular reflective well structures.

公开(公告)号：US10276085B2

公开(公告)日：2019-04-30

申请号：US14973517

申请日：2015-12-17

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Chaohao Wang ,  Paolo Sacchetto ,  Marc Albrecht ,  Christopher P. Tann ,  Shih-Chyuan Fan Jiang ,  Howard H. Tang ,  James E. C. Brown ,  Zhibing Ge

IPC: G09G3/20

Abstract: This application relates to systems, methods, and apparatus for compensating voltage for pixels of a display panel based on the location of the pixels within the display panel. An amount of voltage compensation is assigned to each pixel or a group of pixels within the display panel in accordance with a calibration of the display panel. During operation of the display panel, pixel data is generated for a location of the display panel, and the pixel data is modified according to the amount of voltage compensation corresponding to the location. By modifying the pixel data in this way, spatial variations in voltage across the display panel can be mitigated in order to reduce the occurrence of certain display artifacts at the display panel.

公开(公告)号：US09997121B2

公开(公告)日：2018-06-12

申请号：US14718515

申请日：2015-05-21

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Chaohao Wang ,  Hao Nan ,  Paolo Sacchetto ,  Zhibing Ge

IPC: G09G3/36

CPC classification number: G09G3/3614 ,  G09G3/3648 ,  G09G2320/0204 ,  G09G2320/0247 ,  G09G2320/0257 ,  G09G2320/041 ,  G09G2330/021 ,  G09G2340/0435 ,  G09G2340/16 ,  G09G2360/18

Abstract: An electronic device may generate content that is to be displayed on a display. The display may have an array of liquid crystal display pixels for displaying image frames of the content. A charge accumulation tracker may analyze the image frames to determine when there is a risk of excess charge accumulation. The charge accumulation tracker may implement a physically derived circuit model of the pixels. A charge accumulation input response matrix and a charge accumulation state response matrix for the model may be stored in look-up table circuitry and used in computing a current charge accumulation state based on current pixel voltage information and previous state information. The impact of temperature, backlight illumination level, frame duration, and other factors may be taken into account in evaluating the current charge accumulation state.