摘要:
A ΣΔ transmitter that permits setting of a loop filter LF, a charge pump current and other factors to the same conditions even if it is operated in a plurality of frequency bands, therefore allows the number of components to be reduced and at the same time enables the angle between the phases of local signals for reception use to be close to exactly 90°, which is a feature ensuring robustness against inter-element variations and accordingly suitable for large scale integration, is to be provided. The oscillation frequency of a VCO is set to an even-number multiple of the transmit frequency, and generates transmit signals via a divider. A device that varies the gain according to the amplitude component of modulating signals is added to an amplifier whose input is signals from the VCO, and the transmission of modulating signals involving amplitude modulation, such as EDGE, is thereby made possible.
摘要:
There is provided a power control circuit having a stable high-speed operation, and a semiconductor device and a transceiver circuit using it. The power control circuit controls the gain of an amplifier so that power outputted from the amplifier reaches a desired value according to a digital control signal. The power control circuit includes a digital feedback loop which converts a detected signal obtained by detecting a value of the output power of the amplifier to a digital signal, determines a differential between the digital signal and the digital control signal, converts the differential to an analog signal and outputs a first feedback signal, an analog feedback loop which outputs a high frequency element corresponding to a differential between an analog signal to which the digital control signal is converted and the detected signal, as a second feedback signal, and an adder which determines the sum of the first and the second feedback signal and outputs a gain control signal for controlling the gain of the amplifier.
摘要:
Into an internal circuit to operate in a high-frequency band, there is incorporated a protective circuit of a multistage connection which is constructed to include a plurality of diode-connected transistors having a low parasitic capacity and free from a malfunction even when an input signal higher than the power supply voltage is applied. Into an internal circuit to operate in a low-frequency band, there is incorporated a protective circuit which is constructed to include one diode-connected transistor. The protective circuits include two lines of protective circuit, in which the directions of electric currents are so reversed as to protect the internal circuits against positive/negative static electricities.
摘要:
Based on the event detected by event detection unit 3, scene definition unit 4 defines the segment from the frame which is one screen of the moving picture corresponding to the event to the end of the next event as the scene The scene information of the defined scene is stored in scene information storage unit 5, and moving picture display unit 9 reads and displays the moving picture stored in moving picture storage unit 2 based on the scene information stored in scene information storage unit 5.
摘要:
A photomask unit includes a mask substrate having patterns arranged at a pitch P; and a pellicle which protects the mask substrate, wherein the pellicle is configured so that transmittance of incident light of an incident angle ↓(0°
摘要:
A non-volatile memory device having memory elements with a channel length of, e.g., 45-55 nm or less, is fabricated using existing lithographic techniques. In one approach, patterns of first and second photomasks are transferred to the same photoresist layer. The first photomask can have openings with a given feature size F that are spaced apart by the feature size F, for instance. The second photomask has an opening which is sized to create a desired inter-select gate gap, such as 3 F or 5 F. A third photomask is used to provide protective portions in a second photoresist layer over the select gate structures. The final structure has memory elements of width F spaced apart by a distance F, and select gates of width 3 F spaced apart by 3 F or 5 F. In another approach, the patterns of three photomasks are transferred to respective photoresist layers to create an analogous final structure.
摘要:
This invention provides a receiver in which the calibration time by repeated operations to correct phase mismatch and amplitude mismatch between I and Q signals can be reduced. The receiver comprises mixers which convert received RF signals into quadrature modulated IF signals, signal paths which filter and amplify and output the quadrature modulated signals output from the mixers, a calibration circuit which calibrates phase and amplitude mismatches between the I and Q components of the quadrature modulated signals output through the signal paths, a frequency converter which, when the mixers or the signal paths selected output calibration signals with IF frequency instead of the quadrature modulated signals, converts the calibration signals into those with a frequency higher than IF frequency, and an arithmetic operation circuit which calculates phase and amplitude mismatches from the calibration signals output by the frequency converter and outputs calculation results. The calibration circuit executes calibration, using the calculation results.
摘要:
In a solar cell, at least one of reinforcing material and buffering material is provided at least partially on at least one of a back surface, a front surface and a side surface of the solar cell. With these reinforcing material and/or buffering material, occurrence of cell fracture due to load imposed by external force can be decreased.
摘要:
The present invention provides a PLL circuit containing a loop gain circuit capable of suppressing loop gain variation. This PLL circuit includes a counter that is driven by a voltage controlled oscillator within the PLL circuit, an accumulator (ACL) that accumulates the output of the counter, and a comparison operation circuit block that compares the count value of the ACL and the design value pre-stored in a register, and the loop gain of the PLL circuit is detected taking advantage of the fact that the ACL count value is inversely proportional to the loop gain. Based on the detection result, the loop gain is calibrated by correcting the loop gain with a charge pump current, etc. This allows the PLL circuit to maintain stable loop characteristics that will not affect the characteristics variation of each element constituting the PLL.
摘要:
Into an internal circuit to operate in a high-frequency band, there is incorporated a protective circuit of a multistage connection which is constructed to include a plurality of diode-connected transistors having a low parasitic capacity and free from a malfunction even when an input signal higher than the power supply voltage is applied. Into an internal circuit to operate in a low-frequency band, there is incorporated a protective circuit which is constructed to include one diode-connected transistor. The protective circuits include two lines of protective circuit, in which the directions of electric currents are so reversed as to protect the internal circuits against positive/negative static electricities.