Test structure for automatic dynamic negative-bias temperature instability testing
    71.
    发明授权
    Test structure for automatic dynamic negative-bias temperature instability testing 有权
    自动动态负偏置温度不稳定性测试的测试结构

    公开(公告)号:US07562318B2

    公开(公告)日:2009-07-14

    申请号:US11458345

    申请日:2006-07-18

    IPC分类号: G06F17/50

    摘要: The invention describes a novel test structure and process to create the structure for performing automatic dynamic stress testing of PMOS devices for Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NB TI). The invention consists of an integrated inverter, two integrated electronic switches for switching from stress mode to device DC characterization measurement mode, and a PMOS FET device under test (DUT). The inverter assures the proper 180 degree phase relationship between the test device source and gate voltage while the imbedded electronic switches provide isolation of the test device during DC characterization testing. Another embodiment of the invention enables the testing of multiple devices under test (DUTs).

    摘要翻译: 本发明描述了一种新颖的测试结构和工艺,以创建用于负偏压温度不稳定(NB TI)的PMOS器件的自动动态应力测试的结构。 本发明由集成逆变器,用于从应力模式切换到器件直流表征测量模式的两个集成电子开关以及被测试的PMOS FET器件(DUT)组成。 在DC特性测试期间,嵌入式电子开关提供测试设备的隔离,逆变器确保测试设备源和栅极电压之间正确的180度相位关系。 本发明的另一实施例使得能够测试被测试的多个器件(DUT)。

    Surface phonon-polariton raman laser
    73.
    发明授权
    Surface phonon-polariton raman laser 失效
    表面声子 - 极化激光

    公开(公告)号:US07471448B2

    公开(公告)日:2008-12-30

    申请号:US11371809

    申请日:2006-03-09

    IPC分类号: H04S5/00 H01S5/30

    摘要: An optical device includes an input optical source that provides and optical signal to the optical device. A surface phonon polariton (SPP) nanostructure receives the optical signal that interacts with the SPP nanostructure to excite a Raman process and produce a Raman light signal. The Raman light signal comprises a broad spectral range from near infrared to far infrared.

    摘要翻译: 光学装置包括向光学装置提供光信号的输入光源。 表面声子极化子(SPP)纳米结构接收与SPP纳米结构相互作用的光信号,以激发拉曼过程并产生拉曼光信号。 拉曼光信号包括从近红外到远红外的宽光谱范围。

    Guided-wave photovoltaic devices
    74.
    发明申请
    Guided-wave photovoltaic devices 审中-公开
    导波光伏器件

    公开(公告)号:US20080264486A1

    公开(公告)日:2008-10-30

    申请号:US12150774

    申请日:2008-04-30

    IPC分类号: H01L31/04 B05D5/12

    摘要: A photovoltaic device comprises: a first cladding material; a photosensitive material having an index of refraction larger than the first cladding material index of refraction, the photosensitive material disposed adjacent the first cladding material; and a second cladding material having an index of refraction smaller than the photosensitive material index of refraction, the photosensitive material disposed between the first cladding material and the second cladding material so as to form a waveguide for confining propagating photons; and first and second electrodes in electrical contact with the photosensitive material.

    摘要翻译: 光伏器件包括:第一包层材料; 感光材料,其折射率大于第一包层材料折射率,感光材料邻近第一包层材料设置; 以及第二包层材料,其折射率小于所述感光材料折射率,所述感光材料设置在所述第一包层材料和所述第二包层材料之间,以便形成用于限制传播光子的波导; 以及与感光材料电接触的第一和第二电极。

    Isolating cells expressing secreted proteins
    75.
    发明授权
    Isolating cells expressing secreted proteins 有权
    分离表达分泌蛋白的细胞

    公开(公告)号:US07435553B2

    公开(公告)日:2008-10-14

    申请号:US11434403

    申请日:2006-05-15

    IPC分类号: G01N33/53 C12N15/09

    摘要: A method of detecting and isolating cells that produce any secreted protein of interest (POI), comprising: a) constructing a cell line transiently or stably expressing a cell surface capture molecule, which binds the POI, by transfecting the cell line with a nucleic acid that encodes such cell surface capture molecule; b) transfecting said cell simultaneously or subsequently with a second nucleic acid that encodes a POI wherein such POI is secreted; c) detecting the surface-displayed POI by contacting the cells with a detection molecule, which binds the POI; and d) isolating cells based on the detection molecule.

    摘要翻译: 一种检测和分离产生任何分泌的感兴趣蛋白质(POI)的细胞的方法,包括:a)通过用核酸转染细胞系来构建瞬时或稳定表达结合POI的细胞表面捕获分子的细胞系 编码这种细胞表面捕获分子; b)同时或随后用编码POI的第二核酸同时转染所述细胞,其中所述POI被分泌; c)通过使细胞与结合POI的检测分子接触来检测表面显示的POI; 和d)基于检测分子分离细胞。

    River modeling
    76.
    发明授权
    River modeling 有权
    河流建模

    公开(公告)号:US07412362B2

    公开(公告)日:2008-08-12

    申请号:US11132166

    申请日:2005-05-18

    IPC分类号: G06F17/50 G06T15/00

    摘要: Systems and methods are presented for real-time realistic river modeling. In one implementation, when provided with the physical features of a modeled terrain, the systems and methods described herein automatically determine a watercourse route in relation to the terrain and calculate river borders. The systems and methods then calculate a surface structure for the river between the borders and map texture coordinates to the surface structure. The systems and methods apply textures at the texture coordinates to provide an animated, view-dependent representation of wave geometries for the modeled water surface including reflection, refraction, and Fresnel effects.

    摘要翻译: 提出了实时现实河流建模的系统和方法。 在一个实施方案中,当被提供有建模地形的物理特征时,本文所述的系统和方法自动地确定与地形相关的水道路线并计算河流边界。 系统和方法然后计算边界之间的河流的表面结构,并将纹理坐标映射到表面结构。 系统和方法在纹理坐标处应用纹理以提供用于建模水面的波形几何的动画,视图相关表示,包括反射,折射和菲涅尔效应。

    Method for effecting kickdown shift
    77.
    发明授权
    Method for effecting kickdown shift 有权
    实施减速班的方法

    公开(公告)号:US07353100B2

    公开(公告)日:2008-04-01

    申请号:US11147534

    申请日:2005-06-08

    申请人: Gang Chen Aaron Pfadt

    发明人: Gang Chen Aaron Pfadt

    IPC分类号: G06F19/00

    摘要: A method for effecting a kickdown shift in a transmission of an automotive vehicle controls turbine speed change based on a continuous desired acceleration calculation. The method determines an initial speed of a turbine that transmits torque between an engine and a plurality of gears through a plurality of releasing and engaging elements. A target speed of one of the plurality of gears is determined. A desired time required to increase the turbine speed to the target speed is determined. A desired acceleration of the turbine is calculated according to the initial speed, the target speed, and the desired time. Turbine speed change rate is controlled through controlling the clutch torque of one or more of the releasing and engaging elements based on the desired acceleration.

    摘要翻译: 用于实现机动车辆的变速器中的降档变速的方法基于连续期望的加速度计算控制涡轮机速度变化。 该方法确定通过多个释放和接合元件在发动机和多个齿轮之间传递扭矩的涡轮机的初始速度。 确定多个齿轮中的一个的目标速度。 确定将涡轮速度增加到目标速度所需的期望时间。 根据初始速度,目标速度和期望时间计算涡轮机的期望加速度。 基于期望的加速度,通过控制一个或多个释放和接合元件的离合器扭矩来控制涡轮变速率。

    Target volume based torque phase control during upshift
    78.
    发明授权
    Target volume based torque phase control during upshift 有权
    升档期间基于目标体积的扭矩相位控制

    公开(公告)号:US07292922B2

    公开(公告)日:2007-11-06

    申请号:US11222066

    申请日:2005-09-08

    申请人: Gang Chen Aaron Pfadt

    发明人: Gang Chen Aaron Pfadt

    IPC分类号: G06F7/00

    摘要: A transmission control system includes a first gear engagement element that receives fluid and engages a first gear. An electromagnetic actuator selectively interrupts fluid flow to the first gear engagement element based on a duty cycle of a control signal. A control module adjusts the duty cycle so that a fluid flow rate continuously decreases as the first gear engagement element produces a first torque sufficient to hold the first gear. The flow rate is based on a first estimated volume of the fluid necessary for the first gear engagement element to produce the first torque. The control module computes a current volume of the fluid when the first gear engagement element produces the first torque. The control module adjusts a value of the first estimated volume for subsequent transmission control when a difference between the current volume and the first estimated volume is greater than a predetermined volume.

    摘要翻译: 变速器控制系统包括接收流体并与第一档啮合的第一齿轮啮合元件。 电磁致动器基于控制信号的占空比选择性地中断流到第一齿轮啮合元件的流体流。 控制模块调整占空比,使得当第一齿轮接合元件产生足以保持第一档位的第一扭矩时,流体流速连续减小。 流量基于第一估计体积的第一齿轮接合元件产生第一扭矩所需的流体。 当第一齿轮接合元件产生第一转矩时,控制模块计算流体的当前体积。 当当前音量与第一估计音量之间的差大于预定音量时,控制模块调节用于后续发送控制的第一估计音量的值。

    Chiral Tertiary Aminoalkylnaphthols
    79.
    发明申请
    Chiral Tertiary Aminoalkylnaphthols 失效
    手性三氨基烷基萘酚

    公开(公告)号:US20070225497A1

    公开(公告)日:2007-09-27

    申请号:US11578708

    申请日:2005-05-11

    摘要: The present invention provides bipyrimidinyl diphosphine compounds of the formula wherein R is optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl; R′ and R″ are independently optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl; or an enantiomer thereof; or an enantiomeric mixture thereof. The compounds of the formula (I) are chiral atropisomeric bipyrimidinyl diphosphine compounds and, thus, may be employed as ligands to generate chiral transition metal catalysts which may be applied in a variety of asymmetric reactions, e.g., in palladium catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution reactions. The compounds of the present invention are easily accessible in high enantiomeric purity according to the methods disclosed herein.

    摘要翻译: 本发明提供下式的二嘧啶基二膦化合物其中R是任选取代的烷基,环烷基,芳基或杂芳基; R'和R“独立地是任选取代的烷基,环烷基,芳基或杂芳基; 或其对映体; 或其对映体混合物。 式(I)的化合物是手性的不对称双嘧啶基二膦化合物,因此可以用作配体以产生手性过渡金属催化剂,其可以用于各种不对称反应,例如钯催化的不对称烯丙基取代反应。 根据本文公开的方法,本发明的化合物可以以高对映体纯度容易地获得。

    Process for making crystalline structures having interconnected pores and high refractive index contrasts
    80.
    发明申请
    Process for making crystalline structures having interconnected pores and high refractive index contrasts 审中-公开
    具有互连孔和高折射率对比的结晶结构的方法

    公开(公告)号:US20070074540A1

    公开(公告)日:2007-04-05

    申请号:US11635440

    申请日:2006-12-06

    IPC分类号: C03B37/016

    摘要: Techniques for producing a glass structure having interconnected macroscopic pores, including providing a polymeric structure having interconnected macroscopic pores; providing polymerizable glass precursors; filling pores in the polymeric structure with the polymerizable glass precursors; polymerizing the polymerizable glass precursors to yield a filled polymeric structure; and decomposing the filled polymeric structure to produce a glass structure having interconnected macroscopic pores. Techniques for filling pores of such glass structure with a material having a high refractive index, and for then removing the glass structure. Structures can be produced having interconnected macroscopic pores and high refractive index contrasts, which can be used, for example, as photonic band gaps.

    摘要翻译: 用于生产具有互连的宏观孔的玻璃结构的技术,包括提供具有互连的宏观孔的聚合物结构; 提供可聚合玻璃前体; 用可聚合玻璃前体填充聚合物结构中的孔; 聚合可聚合的玻璃前体以产生填充的聚合物结构; 并分解填充的聚合物结构以产生具有互连的宏观孔的玻璃结构。 用具有高折射率的材料填充这种玻璃结构的孔的技术,然后去除玻璃结构。 可以制造具有互连的宏观孔和高折射率对比度的结构,其可以用作例如光子带隙。