公开(公告)号：US20020092583A1

公开(公告)日：2002-07-18

申请号：US09760595

申请日：2001-01-16

Inventor： Alan R. Pelton ,  Christine Trepanier

IPC: C23C022/05

CPC classification number: C23C8/16 ,  A61F2/0077 ,  A61F2/91 ,  A61F2/915 ,  A61F2002/91533 ,  A61F2210/0014 ,  C22F1/006 ,  C23F1/00 ,  C25D11/26 ,  C25D11/34

Abstract: A medical device which includes a component formed from an alloy which contains at least about 40% Ni by weight. The alloy in a 10 nm deep surface region of the component contains not more than about 10% Ni by weight. The Ni content in that surface region can be reduced by polishing and oxidizing treatment such as (a) exposure to superheated steam, or (b) immersion in a chemical solution, or (c) an electrochemical treatment, using the device as the anode in a solution bath with a current running therethrough.

Abstract translation: 一种医疗装置，其包括由包含至少约40重量％Ni的合金形成的部件。 组分的10nm深表面区域中的合金含有不超过约10重量％的Ni。 通过抛光和氧化处理可以减少该表面区域中的Ni含量，例如（a）暴露于过热蒸汽，或（b）浸入化学溶液中，或（c）使用该装置作为阳极的电化学处理 具有流过其中的电流的溶液浴。

公开(公告)号：US06335295B1

公开(公告)日：2002-01-01

申请号：US09231265

申请日：1999-01-15

Applicant: Rajiv Patel

Inventor： Rajiv Patel

IPC: H01L2102

CPC classification number: H01L21/02238 ,  C01B5/00 ,  C23C8/16 ,  H01L21/02255 ,  H01L21/31662

Abstract: Water for use in wet oxidation of semiconductor surfaces may be generated by reacting ultra pure hydrogen and ultra pure gaseous oxygen without a flame. Because no flame is used, contamination due to a flame impinging on components of a “torch” is not a problem. Flame-free generation of water is accomplished by reacting hydrogen and oxygen under conditions that do not result in ignition. This may be accomplished by provided a diluted hydrogen stream in which molecular hydrogen is mixed with a diluent such as a noble gas or nitrogen. This use of diluted hydrogen also reduces or eliminates the danger of explosion. This can simplify the apparatus design by eliminating the need for complicated interlocks, flame detectors, etc.

Abstract translation: 用于半导体表面湿氧化的水可以通过使超纯氢和超纯气态氧反应而不产生火焰而产生。 因为没有使用火焰，所以由于火焰撞击在“火炬”的部件上的污染不成问题。 无火焰产生的水是通过在不导致点火的条件下使氢和氧反应来实现的。 这可以通过提供其中分子氢与稀释剂如惰性气体或氮气混合的稀释氢气流来实现。 稀释氢的使用也可以减少或消除爆炸的危险。 这可以通过消除对复杂互锁，火焰探测器等的需要来简化设备设计。

公开(公告)号：US20010041462A1

公开(公告)日：2001-11-15

申请号：US09867001

申请日：2001-05-29

Inventor： Akihide Kashiwagi ,  Toyotaka Kataoka ,  Toshihiko Suzuki

IPC: H01L021/469

CPC classification number: C30B29/06 ,  C23C8/02 ,  C23C8/16 ,  C30B33/005 ,  H01L21/31612

Abstract: An apparatus for forming a silicon oxide film which has a process chamber and is for thermally oxidizing a surface of a silicon layer by introducing water vapor into the process chamber, and which further has dew-formation prevention/evaporation means for preventing dew formation in the process chamber and/or evaporating dew in the process chamber.

Abstract translation: 一种用于形成氧化硅膜的装置，其具有处理室，用于通过将水蒸气引入处理室来热氧化硅层的表面，并且还具有防止/蒸发装置，用于防止在 处理室和/或在处理室中蒸发出露水。

公开(公告)号：US5000785A

公开(公告)日：1991-03-19

申请号：US325591

申请日：1989-03-20

Applicant: David J. Port ,  Joseph E. Ritsko

Inventor： David J. Port ,  Joseph E. Ritsko

IPC: B22F1/02 ,  C22C1/10 ,  C23C4/06 ,  C23C8/16

CPC classification number: B22F1/025 ,  C22C1/10 ,  C23C4/06 ,  C23C8/16

Abstract: A method is disclosed for controlling the level of oxygen in molybdenum metal powder, which comprises agglomerating and sintering the molybdenum powder, classifying the resulting agglomerated and sintered molybdenum powder to obtain a particle size of from about -200 to about +325 mesh, contacting the resulting classified powder with a sufficient amount of an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide containing from about 1% to about 10% by weight of hydrogen peroxide to yield a molar ratio of H.sub.2 O.sub.2 :Mo of from about 2 to about 5 for sufficient time to achieve an oxygen content in the powder of from about 1% to about 15% by weight wherein the major portion of the oxygen is on the surface of the agglomerates, and removing the resulting hydrogen peroxide-treated molybdenum powder agglomerates from the resulting solution.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于控制钼金属粉末中的氧含量的方法，该方法包括使钼粉末凝聚并烧结，对得到的聚集和烧结的钼粉进行分级以获得约-200至约+325目的粒度， 得到具有足量的含有约1％至约10％重量的过氧化氢的过氧化氢水溶液的分级粉末，以产生约2至约5的H 2 O 2 :M摩尔比达足够的时间以达到 粉末中的氧含量为约1重量％至约15重量％，其中氧的主要部分在附聚物的表面上，并从所得溶液中除去得到的过氧化氢处理的钼粉末附聚物。

公开(公告)号：US4546726A

公开(公告)日：1985-10-15

申请号：US545496

申请日：1983-10-26

Applicant: Syuichi Nagasaka ,  Siyoukichi Kaneko

Inventor： Syuichi Nagasaka ,  Siyoukichi Kaneko

IPC: H01L21/31 ,  C04B41/50 ,  C04B41/87 ,  C23C8/16 ,  C30B33/00 ,  F22B27/00 ,  H01L21/316

CPC classification number: C04B41/009 ,  C04B41/5025 ,  C04B41/87 ,  C23C8/16 ,  C30B33/005 ,  F22B27/00

Abstract: An apparatus for reacting a semiconductor wafer with steam includes a reaction tube and a heater for heating the reaction tube. The reaction tube is divided into three chambers by partition plates having a through hole. Pure water is directly supplied into the most upstream chamber and is evaporated into steam. The steam enters the second chamber and further heated therein into superheated steam. The superheated steam enters the most downstream chamber in which a semiconductor wafer or wafers are placed, and is heated sufficient for reaction with the wafer to form an oxide film thereon.

Abstract translation: 用于使半导体晶片与蒸汽反应的装置包括用于加热反应管的反应管和加热器。 反应管由具有通孔的隔板分成三个室。 纯水直接供应到最上游的室中并蒸发成蒸汽。 蒸汽进入第二室并进一步在其中加热成过热蒸汽。 过热蒸汽进入其中放置半导体晶片或晶片的最下游室，并被加热以足以与晶片反应以在其上形成氧化膜。

公开(公告)号：US4149912A

公开(公告)日：1979-04-17

申请号：US814314

申请日：1977-07-11

Applicant: Kathryn L. Craighead ,  Valdis Mikelsons

Inventor： Kathryn L. Craighead ,  Valdis Mikelsons

IPC: C23C8/16 ,  C23F7/06

CPC classification number: C23C8/16

Abstract: A process for providing a priming layer of aluminum hydroxyoxide on aluminum and aluminum alloy surfaces comprising treating the surface with a chemical reagent having a solvent action for the naturally-occurring oxides which form on such surfaces until said oxides are dissolved, and contacting said surfaces with steam while a film of the reagent is still present on the metal surface. The priming layer provides for excellent adhesion of subsequent organic coatings to the metal surface.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention relates to the formation of priming films on aluminum and aluminum alloy surfaces so as to render such surfaces permanently receptive to subsequent organic coatings.Because of the weight of aluminum and its corrosion characteristics, aluminum and alloys therewith are being increasingly utilized in commercial, industrial and consumer areas in conjunction with organic coatings, e.g., aluminum siding for dwellings, containers for food and beverages, automobile parts, etc.Especially in the food container area, use of aluminum alloys has significantly increased because such materials have the high strength necessary for can formation and handling procedures, and can provide an economic advantage over conventional tin plated materials because of their high strength/weight ratio. Furthermore, the use of deep-drawn aluminum cans can be expected to further increase due to the growing concern that undesirable quantities of toxic lead can be introduced into food contents from soldered seams conventionally contained in 3-part steel cans.In order to protect the aluminum surface from corrosion due to salt or other ingredients, or to provide an aesthetic surface thereto, the surfaces of the aluminum are typically covered with a layer of an organic enamel. In the can industry, it is preferred that the aluminum sheet stock be coated with the organic enamel prior to the formation of the can, which requires a high degree of adhesion between the organic enamel and the aluminum sheeting to thereby prevent delamination during the forming process. To obtain the desired degree of adhesion, particularly in aluminum/magnesium alloys containing a high magnesium concentration therein, the metal surface is typically subjected to a priming treatment.One such treatment which has achieved commercial significance is the chromate conversion process, wherein trivalent chromium solutions are utilized to impart a priming layer on the aluminum surface. Because of the significant quantities of metal being treated in high speed conversion lines, the concentration of toxic chromate effluents from such a process becomes significant and disposal thereof is increasingly becoming a more serious problem. Therefore, a non-polluting process for replacing the chromate treatment would be extremely desirable.One primer or conversion coating for aluminum and alloys therewith which is capable of satisfying the stringent adhesion requirements as aforementioned, and which can be produced by a number of non-polluting methods is based on the formation of aluminum hydroxyoxide or boehmite on the metal surface. Such a conversion coating can be formed on the aluminum substrate when the aluminum surface is exposed to boiling water, as is taught in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,091,419; 2,671,995; and 2,859,148; by utilization of various aqueous solutions of salts, organic amines, or oxidizing agents, as is taught in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,039,898; 3,210,184; 3,380,860; or by the use of steam, as is taught in U.S. Pat. No. 3,728,164, among others.The problem with each of these prior art processes is that the treatment times therefor require on the order of minutes to hours to obtain adequate coating thicknesses, whereas the chromate conversion coatings can be formed in times as short as five seconds.One process which has been disclosed indicates that a hydroxyoxide or boehmite layer can be produced on an aluminum/magnesium alloy surface in as short a time as five seconds, that being U.S. Pat. No. 3,247,026. This process, however, requires a procedure for cleaning the surface of the alloy which lasts at least one minute in duration, in which surface oxides are removed either by mechanical abrasion or by an alkaline etch and desmutting process. Therefore, although the process time for producing the actual hydroxyoxide layer pursuant to steam treatment may be of short duration, the preceding cleaning procedures are much too long for a practical high speed coating operation.It has now been discovered that a process for forming this boehmite layer on aluminum and aluminum/alloy surfaces is available which requires very short combined cleaning and treatment times, i.e., is adaptable to high speed processing, does not generate toxic waste products, and provides an excellent priming layer for a variety of organic coatings.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONIn accordance with the invention, our process for treating aluminum and aluminum/alloy surfaces to provide a priming layer for subsequent application of organic coatings involves the simple steps of:(a) optionally pre-cleaning and rinsing the metal surface to conventionally remove dirt, grease and other contamination utilizing conventional cleaning processes;(b) applying a chemical reagent to the metallic surface which has a strong solvent action on the naturally occurring oxide film which such metal surfaces typically contain for a time, at a concentration, and at a temperature sufficient to substantially remove said oxide film; and(c) exposing the metallic surface to saturated steam while the aforementioned chemical reagent is still present on the metallic surface.

Abstract translation: 一种在铝和铝合金表面上提供羟基氧化铝起始层的方法，包括用在这些表面上形成的天然存在的氧化物具有溶剂作用的化学试剂处理表面，直到所述氧化物溶解，并将所述表面与 蒸汽，而试剂的膜仍然存在于金属表面上。 起始层提供随后的有机涂层对金属表面的优异粘附。

公开(公告)号：US2749596A

公开(公告)日：1956-06-12

申请号：US26502752

申请日：1952-01-04

Applicant: BRECKENRIDGE ROBERT G

Inventor： BRECKENRIDGE ROBERT G

IPC: C23C8/16 ,  H01L21/00

CPC classification number: C23C8/16 ,  H01L21/00 ,  Y10S205/917

公开(公告)号：US2266117A

公开(公告)日：1941-12-16

申请号：US33250240

申请日：1940-04-30

Applicant: INT NICKEL CO

Inventor： GIRARD CROCKER CARL ,  KINGMAN CROSBY GORHAM ,  CLAPPIER ROBERT R

IPC: C23C8/16

CPC classification number: C23C8/16

公开(公告)号：US20240018640A1

公开(公告)日：2024-01-18

申请号：US18256184

申请日：2021-11-29

Applicant: SAFRAN AIRCRAFT ENGINES

Inventor： Anthony GRUNENWALD ,  Pierre Antoine BOSSAN

IPC: C23C8/16 ,  C23C8/80 ,  C23G1/20

CPC classification number: C23C8/16 ,  C23C8/80 ,  C23G1/205

Abstract: A method for treating the surface of a titanium or titanium alloy metal reinforcement of a blade made of composite material enables selective removal of a bonding primer with respect to the titanium or titanium alloy reinforcement. The method includes subjecting the metallic reinforcement to a thermal treatment performed at a temperature of between 250 and 350° C. for a period of between 1 hour and 10 hours in an oxidizing atmosphere. The method further includes subjecting the metallic reinforcement, after the thermal treatment, to a chemical pickling in an alkaline bath.

公开(公告)号：US09958350B2

公开(公告)日：2018-05-01

申请号：US14896470

申请日：2014-05-19

Applicant: Endress + Hauser GmbH + Co. KG

Inventor： Nils Ponath ,  Andreas Rossberg

IPC: G01L9/12 ,  G01L9/00 ,  B23K1/00 ,  B23K1/19 ,  C23C8/16 ,  C23C14/00 ,  C23C14/14 ,  C23C14/34 ,  B23K103/00

CPC classification number: G01L9/0072 ,  B23K1/0016 ,  B23K1/19 ,  B23K2103/52 ,  C23C8/16 ,  C23C14/0036 ,  C23C14/14 ,  C23C14/34 ,  G01L9/0075

Abstract: A pressure-measuring cell having a ceramic measuring membrane and a ceramic counter body, wherein the measuring membrane is joined to the counter body in such a way that a pressure chamber is formed between the measuring membrane and the counter body. The pressure-measuring cell also has a capacitive transducer for detecting a pressure-dependent deformation of the measuring membrane, which capacitive transducer has at least one membrane electrode arranged on the measuring membrane and at least one electrode on the counter body side, wherein according to the invention at least one membrane electrode comprises a titanium oxide.