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318 条记录 (耗时 0.034 秒)

    Method for operating an internal combustion engine
    81.
    发明申请
    Method for operating an internal combustion engine 失效
    操作内燃机的方法

    公开(公告)号：US20080156305A1

    公开(公告)日：2008-07-03

    申请号：US12005974

    申请日：2007-12-27

    申请人： Roland Karrelmeyer ,  Christina Sauer ,  Wolfgang Fischer ,  Juergen Haering

    发明人： Roland Karrelmeyer ,  Christina Sauer ,  Wolfgang Fischer ,  Juergen Haering

    IPC分类号： F02D41/04

    CPC分类号： F02D41/1498 ,  F02D35/021 ,  F02D35/023 ,  F02D35/027 ,  F02D41/3035 ,  F02D2200/1015

    摘要： A method for operating an internal combustion engine working according to the Otto principle, in which fuel, particularly gasoline, is injected directly into a combustion chamber and is inflamed by self-ignition. A characteristic quantity characterizing the stability of combustion of an air/fuel mixture located in the combustion chamber is ascertained, and, as a function of the characteristic quantity, a residual gas proportion in the cylinder associated with the combustion chamber is set, in particular minimized, the residual gas proportion being reduced, preferably iteratively, as long as the characteristic quantity does not fall below a specifiable stability boundary.

    摘要翻译： 用于操作根据奥托原理工作的内燃机的方法，其中燃料，特别是汽油，直接喷入燃烧室，并通过自燃点燃。 确定了表征位于燃烧室中的空气/燃料混合物的燃烧稳定性的特征量，并且作为特征量的函数，设定与燃烧室相关联的气缸中的残余气体比例，特别是最小化 只要特征量不低于可指定的稳定边界，则残留气体比例被优选地迭代地减小。

    Aqueous polyurethane emulsions
    84.
    发明授权
    Aqueous polyurethane emulsions 失效
    水性聚氨酯乳液

    公开(公告)号：US06521702B1

    公开(公告)日：2003-02-18

    申请号：US09716741

    申请日：2000-11-20

    申请人： Jan Weikard ,  Erhard Lühmann ,  Dieter Erdmann ,  Wolfgang Fischer ,  Wolfgang Kremer

    发明人： Jan Weikard ,  Erhard Lühmann ,  Dieter Erdmann ,  Wolfgang Fischer ,  Wolfgang Kremer

    IPC分类号： C08J303

    CPC分类号： C08G18/673 ,  C08G18/0823 ,  C08G18/6725 ,  C08G18/68 ,  C09D175/16 ,  Y10T428/31551 ,  Y10T428/31591

    摘要： The present invention relates to a radiation-curable, aqueous polyurethane emulsion which is prepared by I) reacting A) 40 to 90 wt. % of an isocyanate-reactive component that contains a polyester acrylate containing hydroxyl groups and having an OH content of 40 to 200 mg KOH/g and optionally other isocyanate-reactive compounds other than B) and B) 0.5 to 20 wt. % of one or more monofunctional and/or difunctional isocyanate-reactive compounds that contain cationic or anionic groups, potential cationic or anionic or hydrophilic ether groups, with C) 10 to 50 wt. % of one or more diisocyanates and/or polyisocyanates, II) optionally converting any potential cationic or anionic groups into cationic or anionic groups by salt formation and III) forming a dispersion of the reaction product of A), B) and C) in water and reacting it with D) 0.1 to 10 wt. % of one or more diamines and/or polyamines, wherein the wt. % percentages of (A) to (D) add up to 100%, and the equivalent ratio of the sum of the isocyanate-reactive groups in (A) and (B) to the isocyanate groups in (C) is 0.8:1 to 1.25:1 and the reaction of components (A) and (B) with (C) is carried out such that 65 to 95% of the isocyanate groups in (C) react with the isocyanate-reactive groups of (A) and (B). The present invention also relates to a process of making these polyurethane emulsions and to substrates coated with the polyurethane emulsions.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及可辐射固化的水性聚氨酯乳液，其通过以下方法制备：I）将40至90重量％ ％的异氰酸酯反应性组分，其含有含羟基并且OH含量为40至200mg KOH / g的聚酯丙烯酸酯和任选的除B）和B）外的其它异氰酸酯反应性化合物，和B）0.5至20wt。 含有阳离子或阴离子基团的潜在阳离子或阴离子或亲水醚基团的一种或多种单官能和/或二官能异氰酸酯反应性化合物的％，C）10至50wt。 ％的一种或多种二异氰酸酯和/或多异氰酸酯，II）任选地通过盐形成将任何潜在的阳离子或阴离子基团转化为阳离子或阴离子基团; III）在水中形成A），B）和C）的反应产物的分散体，以及 与D）反应0.1〜10重量％ ％的一种或多种二胺和/或多胺，其中wt。 （A）至（D）的百分比百分比加起来为100％，（A）和（B）中异氰酸酯反应性基团与（C）中异氰酸酯基团之和的当量比为0.8:1至 （A）和（B）与（C）的反应进行，使得（C）中的异氰酸酯基中的65〜95％与（A）和（B）的异氰酸酯反应性基团反应 ）。 本发明还涉及制备这些聚氨酯乳液和用聚氨酯乳液涂覆的基材的方法。

    Thermoplastic elastomeric block copolymers
    88.
    发明授权
    Thermoplastic elastomeric block copolymers 失效
    热塑性弹性体嵌段共聚物

    公开(公告)号：US06197889B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-03-06

    申请号：US08981051

    申请日：1997-12-11

    申请人： Konrad Knoll ,  Hermann Gausepohl ,  Norbert Niessner ,  Paul Naegele ,  Wolfgang Fischer

    发明人： Konrad Knoll ,  Hermann Gausepohl ,  Norbert Niessner ,  Paul Naegele ,  Wolfgang Fischer

    IPC分类号： C08F29300

    CPC分类号： C08F297/04

    摘要： Elastomeric block copolymers comprising at least one hard block A composed of styrene monomers and at least one elastomeric block (B/A) composed of styrene monomers and dienes, the glass transition temperature Tg of the block A being more than 25° C. and that of block (B/A) being less than 25° C. and the phase volume ratio of block A to block (B/A) being chosen so that the proportion of the hard phase in the total block copolymer is from 1 to 40% by volume and the amount by weight of the diene is less than 50% by weight, and the relative proportion of 1,2 linkages of the polydiene, based on the sum of 1,2- and 1,4-cis/trans linkages, being below 15%, are prepared by anionic polymerization by means of a lithium alkyl in a nonpolar solvent in the presence of a soluble potassium salt and are used for the production of shaped articles.

    摘要翻译： 弹性体嵌段共聚物包含至少一个由苯乙烯单体组成的硬嵌段A和至少一个由苯乙烯单体和二烯构成的弹性嵌段（B / A），嵌段A的玻璃化转变温度Tg高于25℃， （B / A）小于25℃，并且选择块A与嵌段（B / A）的相体积比，使得总嵌段共聚物中硬相的比例为1〜40％ 并且二烯的重量百分比小于50重量％，并且基于1,2-和1,4-顺/反键的总和的聚二烯的1,2-键的相对比例， 低于15％，通过在非极性溶剂中在可溶性钾盐的存在下通过烷基锂进行阴离子聚合制备，并用于生产成型制品。

    Urethane acrylates and their use in coating compositions
    89.
    发明授权
    Urethane acrylates and their use in coating compositions 有权
    聚氨酯丙烯酸酯及其在涂料组合物中的用途

    公开(公告)号：US06191181B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-02-20

    申请号：US09433854

    申请日：1999-11-04

    申请人： Jan Weikard ,  Wolfgang Fischer ,  Frank Richter ,  Christian Zwiener

    发明人： Jan Weikard ,  Wolfgang Fischer ,  Frank Richter ,  Christian Zwiener

    IPC分类号： C08F246

    CPC分类号： C08G18/792 ,  C08G18/672 ,  C09D175/16

    摘要： The present invention relates to urethane acrylates, which may be cured with high-energy radiation, in which the urethane acrylates are the reaction product of a) a polyisocyanate component containing 20 to 100 mole %, based on the moles of the polyisocyanate component a), of iminooxadiazine dione group-containing polyisocyanate trimers corresponding to formula A  wherein R1, R2and R3 are the same or different and represent linear or branched, C4-C20 (cyclo)alkyl groups and X is the same or different and represents isocyanate groups or isocyanate group-containing radicals that also contain iminooxadiazine dione, isocyanurate, uretdione, urethane, allophanate, biuret or oxadiazine trione groups, wherein R1, R2 and R3 are attached to a nitrogen atom, with b) an alcohol component containing at least one monobasic, hydroxy-functional, linear or branched C1-C12 alkyl ester of (meth)acrylic acid. The present invention further relates to the use of the urethane acrylates as binder components for coating compositions that are curable with high-energy radiation.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及聚氨酯丙烯酸酯，其可以用高能量辐射固化，其中聚氨酯丙烯酸酯是基于多异氰酸酯组分a）的摩尔数为20-100摩尔％的多异氰酸酯组分的反应产物， 对应于式A的亚氨基恶二嗪二酮基多异氰酸酯三聚体，其中R 1，R 2和R 3相同或不同，表示直链或支链的C 4 -C 20（环）烷基，X相同或不同，表示异氰酸酯基或异氰酸酯基 还含有亚氨基恶二酮二酮，异氰脲酸酯，脲二酮，氨基甲酸酯，脲基甲酸酯，缩二脲或恶二嗪三酮基团的基团，其中R1，R2和R3连接到氮原子上，b）含有至少一个一元羟基官能 或（甲基）丙烯酸的支链C1-C12烷基酯。本发明还涉及聚氨酯丙烯酸酯作为共聚物的粘合剂成分的用途 可以用高能量辐射固化的组合物。