摘要:
An object of the invention is to provide an inexpensive non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that allows reversible charge and discharge to be carried out and can be used for a long period because of a stable non-aqueous electrolyte used therein. The invention provides a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material and capable of storing and releasing sodium, a negative electrode capable of storing and releasing sodium, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, and the positive electrode active material includes sodium, nickel, manganese, and a transition metal that can exist in a hexavalent state. An example of the transition metal that can exist in a hexavalent state may include tungsten (W). An example of the negative electrode may include a sodium metal capable of storing and releasing sodium ions.
摘要:
A diesel engine (1) comprises an exhaust passage (3), and a DPM filter (4) provided on the exhaust passage (3), which traps diesel particulate matter (DPM) contained in the exhaust gas such that the diesel particulate matter accumulates therein. An engine controller (11) starts regeneration processing of the DPM filter (4) by raising the exhaust gas temperature when a regeneration timing of the DPM filter (4) is reached, sets a target exhaust gas temperature during regeneration processing to ensure that the temperature of the DPM filter (4) does not exceed an upper temperature limit of the DPM filter (4), even when the temperature of the DPM filter (4) is raised due to the engine (1) entering an idling condition during the regeneration processing, and controls the exhaust gas temperature to the target exhaust gas temperature.
摘要:
A low-cost, high-discharge capacity density non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is provided. The battery includes a positive electrode, a non-aqueous electrolyte containing sodium ions, and a negative electrode having a thin-film negative electrode active material containing germanium (Ge) as its main active material or a negative electrode active material comprising particles containing germanium as its main active material.
摘要:
Using a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery containing lithium iron phosphate as a positive electrode active material and graphite as a negative electrode active material, a low-cost, high energy density battery is provided that exhibits good performance at high rate current and good cycle performance even at high temperature. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery has a positive electrode having a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material-containing layer formed on a surface of the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode active material-containing layer containing a conductive agent and a positive electrode active material including lithium iron phosphate, a negative electrode containing a carbon material, and a non-aqueous electrolyte. The non-aqueous electrolyte contains vinylene carbonate.
摘要:
A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode comprising a graphite as a negative electrode active material, and a nonaqueous electrolyte including at least a saturated cyclic carbonic ester and containing a cyclic carbonic ester having a carbon-carbon double bond such that, when a content of the cyclic carbonic ester having a carbon-carbon double bond is x (g), a content of the graphite in the negative electrode is B (g), a specific surface area of the graphite is A (m2/g), a size of the crystallite of the graphite in a direction of the c axis is Lc, and a size of the crystallite of the graphite in a direction of the a axis is La, a condition expressed by 0.05×10−2≦x/[A×B×2Lc/(2Lc+La)]≦3×10−2 is satisfied.
摘要:
A sound volume set-point value set by the variable resistor 1 is converted into a sound volume set-point value signal by a sound volume set-point value detecting section. A control signal generating section rectifies an input signal and adds it to a sound volume set-point value signal, thereby generating a control signal less fluctuated, and the amplification factor of amplifying section is adjusted by the control signal. The input signal is amplitude limited by this, to thereby prevent an output sound from being distorted. When the input signal is low in level, the amplitude limiting operation of the amplifier is stopped, to thereby retain a dynamic range of the original signal. Through the fluctuation suppression of the control signal, the unnatural feeling given to the listener when the amplitude limiting operation starts or stops is also lessened.
摘要:
A map which defines a relationship of an exhaust gas pressure P2 at the outlet of a filter (13) to a load Q and rotation speed Ne of an engine (1) is prepared, and an exhaust gas pressure P1 at the inlet to the filter (13) is determined from a differential pressure ΔP between the front and rear of the filter and the outlet pressure P2 obtained by referring to the map. The inlet pressure P1 determined in this manner is used to determine an exhaust gas volumetric flow rate Q1, and thus an accurate particulate accumulation SM, which is required to determine the need for regeneration of the filter (13), can be calculated.
摘要:
An exhaust system for an internal combustion engine includes a catalytic device within an exhaust path of the engine, wherein the catalytic device includes a housing with a catalyst carrier. A length of the catalyst carrier along a longitudinal axis, measured along a downstream flow direction of exhaust gas within the exhaust path, is substantially the same or a shorter than the upstream distance traveled by a reverse flow of exhaust gas during an exhaust gas pulsation within the housing. With this type of configuration, due to reciprocating movements of the exhaust gas caused by the pulsations, the same exhaust gas passes through the catalyst carrier multiple times. Thus, an increased number of heat exchanges take place within the catalyst carrier, which rapidly increases the catalyst temperature after a cold engine start.
摘要:
A CRC encoding circuit for generating CRC bits in accordance with initial parallel data having remainder portion data in a last column of the initial parallel data. A first parallel encoding unit is included for generating first CRC bits in accordance with the initial parallel data other than the remainder portion data. A CRC bits selector selects second CRC bits having predetermined number of bytes, from the first CRC bits generated by the first parallel encoding unit. A parallel data selector selects second parallel data having the same number of bytes as the second CRC bits, from the remainder portion data. A second parallel encoding unit generates third CRC bits in accordance with the second CRC bits and the second parallel data
摘要:
An exhaust gas purification system includes a particulate filter, a sensor that detects a filter differential pressure and a controller that controls regeneration of the particulate filter. The controller is programmed to execute a control for burning particulate accumulated on the particulate filter, determine whether regeneration of the particulate filter is completed, detect, in cooperation with the sensor, a filter differential pressure immediately after it is determined that regeneration of the particulate filter is completed, and estimate an ash accumulation amount based on the detected filter differential pressure. An exhaust gas purification method is also provided.