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公开(公告)号：US06716945B2
公开(公告)日：2004-04-06
申请号：US09860413
申请日：2001-05-18
IPC分类号： C08F21422
摘要： A method for forming a fluoropolymer comprises providing a reaction mixture comprising carbon dioxide, at least one fluoromonomer, and an initiator; and reacting the at least one fluoromonomer in the reaction mixture to form a fluoropolymer. The fluoropolymer has a multimodal molecular weight distribution.
摘要翻译： 形成含氟聚合物的方法包括提供包含二氧化碳，至少一种含氟单体和引发剂的反应混合物; 并使反应混合物中的至少一种含氟单体反应形成含氟聚合物。 含氟聚合物具有多峰分子量分布。
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公开(公告)号：US06517633B1
公开(公告)日：2003-02-11
申请号：US09567646
申请日：2000-05-09
IPC分类号： B05C302
CPC分类号： D06M23/105 , B05D1/18 , B05D2401/90 , D06B1/08 , D06B3/10 , D06M23/00 , D06M23/10
摘要： A method of coating a substrate comprises immersing a surface portion of a substrate in a liquid or supercritical first phase. The first phase comprises carbon dioxide and a coating component such as a polymer. The substrate is then withdrawn from the first phase into a distinct second phase such as a gas atmosphere so that the coating component is deposited on said surface portion. The withdrawal step is followed by separating the carbon dioxide from the coating component (e.g., by evaporation, venting, heating, etc.) so that the coating component is retained as a coating layer formed on the surface portion. Apparatus for carrying out the method by free meniscus coating, or employing a metering element such as a knife, blade, or roll, are also disclosed.
摘要翻译： 涂覆基材的方法包括将基材的表面部分浸入液体或超临界第一相中。 第一相包括二氧化碳和涂料组分如聚合物。 然后将衬底从第一相中排出到不同的第二相，例如气体气氛中，使得涂层组分沉积在所述表面部分上。 撤回步骤之后是将二氧化碳与涂料组分分离（例如，通过蒸发，排气，加热等），使得涂料组分作为形成在表面部分上的涂层而被保留。 还公开了通过自由弯液面涂覆或采用诸如刀，刀片或辊的计量元件来执行该方法的装置。
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公开(公告)号：US06497921B1
公开(公告)日：2002-12-24
申请号：US09589557
申请日：2000-06-07
IPC分类号： B05D118
CPC分类号： D06B1/08 , B05D1/18 , B05D2401/90 , D06B3/10 , D06M23/00 , D06M23/10 , D06M23/105
摘要： A method of coating a substrate comprises immersing a surface portion of a substrate in a first phase comprising carbon dioxide and a coating component comprising a polymeric precursor; then withdrawing the substrate from the first phase into a distinct second phase so that the coating component is deposited on the surface portion; and then subjecting the substrate to conditions sufficient to polymerize the polymeric precursor and form a polymerized coating.
摘要翻译： 涂覆基材的方法包括将基材的表面部分浸入包含二氧化碳的第一相和包含聚合物前体的涂料组分; 然后将衬底从第一相中提取到不同的第二相中，使得涂层组分沉积在表面部分上; 然后使基底经受足以使聚合物前体聚合并形成聚合涂层的条件。
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84.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06403663B1
公开(公告)日：2002-06-11
申请号：US09399993
申请日：1999-09-20
IPC分类号： C08J900
CPC分类号： C08J9/122 , B29C44/348 , B29C70/521 , B29K2101/12 , C08J2201/032 , C08J2203/08
摘要： A method of producing a foamed material comprises contacting a material with a fluid mixture comprising carbon dioxide and a surfactant, wherein the surfactant facilitates the dissolution of the carbon dioxide into the material and then foam the material in the fluid mixture.
摘要翻译： 一种生产泡沫材料的方法包括使材料与包含二氧化碳和表面活性剂的流体混合物接触，其中表面活性剂促进二氧化碳溶解到材料中，然后使材料在流体混合物中发泡。
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公开(公告)号：US06383289B2
公开(公告)日：2002-05-07
申请号：US09794294
申请日：2001-02-27
IPC分类号： B05D312
CPC分类号： H01L21/6715 , B05C11/08 , B05D1/005 , B08B7/0021
摘要： Spin coating apparatuses for applying liquid to substrates include pressure vessels having enclosed chambers therein, holders for rotating substrates positioned in the enclosed chambers, liquid dispensers positioned in the enclosed chambers for depositing a carbon dioxide liquid on the substrates, and pressure reservoirs in fluid communication with the liquid dispensers for storing a carbon dioxide liquid.
摘要翻译： 用于将液体涂敷于基材的旋转涂布装置包括其中具有封闭室的压力容器，用于旋转位于封闭室内的基板的保持器，位于封闭室内的液体分配器，用于在基板上沉积二氧化碳液体;以及压力容器， 用于储存二氧化碳液体的液体分配器。
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公开(公告)号：US06211422B1
公开(公告)日：2001-04-03
申请号：US09352249
申请日：1999-07-13
IPC分类号： C12P100
CPC分类号： C12P41/001 , C12P1/00 , Y02P20/544
摘要： A method for the enzymatic production of a desired product in a liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide fluid. The method comprises: (a) providing a reaction mixture comprising at least one reaction substrate and a crosslinked enzyme crystal catalyst in a liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide fluid; and (b) reacting said substrate with said crosslinked enzyme crystal catalyst in said carbon dioxide fluid to produce said product. The reacting step is typically followed by the step of (c) separating the product from said reaction mixture. The crosslinked enzyme crystal catalyst preferably comprises an enzyme crystal crosslinked with a multifunctional crosslinking agent, said crosslinked enzyme crystal having resistance to exogeneous proteolysis, such that the crosslinked enzyme crystal retains at least about 80 percent of its initial activity after incubation for three hours in the presence of a concentration of Pronase™ protease that causes the soluble uncrosslinked form of the enzyme that is crystallized to form said enzyme crystal that is crosslinked to lose at least about 80 percent of its initial activity under the same conditions. Reaction mixtures useful for carrying out the foregoing method and product mixtures produced by the foregoing method are also disclosed.
摘要翻译： 在液体或超临界二氧化碳流体中酶促生产所需产物的方法。 该方法包括：（a）在液体或超临界二氧化碳流体中提供包含至少一个反应底物和交联的酶晶体催化剂的反应混合物; 和（b）使所述底物与所述交联的酶晶体催化剂在所述二氧化碳流体中反应以产生所述产物。 反应步骤通常是（c）从所述反应混合物中分离产物的步骤。 交联酶晶体催化剂优选包含与多官能交联剂交联的酶晶体，所述交联酶晶体具有对外源性蛋白水解的抗性，使得交联的酶晶体在孵育3小时后保留其初始活性的至少约80％ 存在一种浓度的Pronase TM蛋白酶，其引起可溶性的未交联形式的酶，其被结晶以形成所述交联的酶晶体，以在相同条件下损失其初始活性的至少约80％。 还公开了可用于实施上述方法的反应混合物和通过前述方法制备的产物混合物。
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87.发明授权Cleaning process using carbon dioxide as a solvent and employing molecularly engineered surfactants 失效使用二氧化碳作为溶剂并使用分子工程表面活性剂的清洁方法
公开(公告)号：US5944996A
公开(公告)日：1999-08-31
申请号：US850371
申请日：1997-05-02
IPC分类号： B08B5/00 , B08B3/12 , B08B7/00 , C11D3/02 , C11D3/37 , C11D3/43 , C11D7/02 , C11D7/50 , C11D11/00 , D06L1/00 , B01D11/00
CPC分类号： C11D3/3757 , B08B3/12 , B08B7/0021 , B08B7/0092 , C11D11/0023 , C11D11/0041 , C11D3/02 , C11D3/37 , C11D3/43 , C11D7/02 , C11D7/50 , D06L1/00
摘要： The separation of a contaminant from a substrate that carries the contaminant is disclosed. The process comprises contacting the substrate to a carbon dioxide fluid containing an amphiphilic species so that the contaminant associates with the amphiphilic species and becomes entrained in the carbon dioxide fluid. The substrate is then separated from the carbon dioxide fluid, and then the contaminant is separated from the carbon dioxide fluid.
摘要翻译： 公开了污染物与携带污染物的基质的分离。 该方法包括将底物接触含有两亲物质的二氧化碳流体，使得污染物与两亲物质相关并且夹带在二氧化碳流体中。 然后将基底与二氧化碳流体分离，然后将污染物与二氧化碳流体分离。
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公开(公告)号：US5939502A
公开(公告)日：1999-08-17
申请号：US853054
申请日：1997-05-08
申请人： Joseph M. DeSimone , Timothy Romack
发明人： Joseph M. DeSimone , Timothy Romack
CPC分类号： C08F14/18 , C08F16/24 , C08F2/04 , C08F214/262 , Y02P20/544 , Y10S526/942
摘要： The present invention provides a process for making fluorinated polymers and copolymers having stable end groups. The process includes (1) contacting a fluoromonomer, an initiator capable of producing stable end groups on the polymer chain, and a polymerization medium comprising carbon dioxide, and (2) polymerizing the fluoromonomer. The polymerization medium preferably comprises liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide. Advantageously, the process may also include the step of separating the fluoropolymer from the polymerization medium. The present invention also provides polymerization reaction mixtures useful in the processes of the present invention.
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公开(公告)号：US5860467A
公开(公告)日：1999-01-19
申请号：US753938
申请日：1996-12-03
CPC分类号： B22C3/00 , B22C1/00 , B22C1/20 , B22C1/205 , B22C1/2226 , Y10T156/1126
摘要： A structure of CO.sub.2 -insoluble material has a three-dimensional object of CO.sub.2 -soluble material positioned inside. The object is contacted with a fluid containing carbon dioxide which dissolves the object in the fluid. The fluid is then removed to form a cavity in the structure.
摘要翻译： 二氧化碳不溶性材料的结构具有位于内部的二氧化碳可溶性材料的三维物体。 该物体与含有二氧化碳的流体接触，二氧化碳溶解在流体中的物体。 然后移除流体以在结构中形成空腔。
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公开(公告)号：US5618894A
公开(公告)日：1997-04-08
申请号：US457401
申请日：1995-06-01
申请人： Joseph M. DeSimone , Timothy Romack
发明人： Joseph M. DeSimone , Timothy Romack
CPC分类号： C08F16/24 , C08F14/18 , Y02P20/544 , Y10S526/942
摘要： The present invention provides a process for making fluorinated polymers and copolymers having stable end groups. The process includes (1) contacting a fluoromonomer, an initiator capable of producing stable end groups on the polymer chain, and a polymerization medium comprising carbon dioxide, and (2) polymerizing the fluoromonomer. The polymerization medium preferably comprises liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide. Advantageously, the process may also include the step of separating the fluoropolymer from the polymerization medium.The present invention also provides polymerization reaction mixtures useful in the processes of the present invention.
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